Diversity and potassium-solubilizing activity of rhizosphere potassium-solubilizing bacteria of invasive Solidago canadensis

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2019.0045

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims Solidago canadensis, an invasive herbaceous species, has a strong capacity of potassium enrichment, that may relate to its influence on soil microbial community. Rhizosphere potassium-soluble bacteria can convert mineral potassium into soluble forms being able to be used by plants. It is not known how invasion of S. canadensis may affect diversity and potassium-solubilizing activity of the potassium-solubilizing bacteria. Methods We compared S. canadensis and its coexisting native plant Imperata cylindrica in the reclaimed Hangzhou Bay wetland, Zhejiang Province. We compared the potassium contents of soil and the plant tissues of S. canadensis and Imperata cylindrica which coexists with the invasive species, the effect of potassium supply level on biomass accumulation of plants, and the quantity, diversity and potassium-soluble activity of the rhizosphere potassium-solubilizing bacteria. Important findings The potassium contents in stem and leaf of S. canadensis were significantly higher (1.59 and 7.33 times respectively) than that of I. cylindrica, the contents of available potassium in the 0-10 cm soil layer where the two species grew were significantly different, but not in the 10-20 cm soil layer. Potassium application experiments showed significant biomass increase in both S. canadensis and I. cylindrica, and tissue potassium concentrations as well. Potassium-dissolving medium culture results showed that the number of potassium-‌solubilizing bacteria of S. canadensis rhizosphere was 2.51 times higher than that of I. cylindrica. The strains with potassium-dissolving rings were identified, and the amount of released potassium was determined. Among the 15 strains of potassium-solubilizing bacteria isolated from the rhizosphere soil of S. canadensis, nine efficiently dissolved potassium, and the content of K ⁺ in the treatment solution was 85.11%-192.54% higher than that in the control. Strain H2-20 had the strongest ability with the dissolved K ⁺ of 10.657 mg·L ^-1. The potassium- solubilizing effect of rhizosphere potassium-solubilizing bacteria of S. canadensis was significantly higher than that of I. cylindrica. According to 16S rDNA identification, the 15 strains of bacteria associated with S. canadensis were of 11 genera, and 6 of them had been reported to have the potassium-solubilizing ability. Our results suggest that potassium-solubilizing bacteria in the rhizosphere of S. canadensis is abundant, and may play an important role in potassium enrichment.

Key words: invasive plant, rhizosphere potassium-solubilizing bacteria, potassium capacity, intrusion mechanism, phylogenetic tree

YAN Ya-Nan, YE Xiao-Qi, WU Ming, YAN Ming, ZHANG Xin-Li. Diversity and potassium-solubilizing activity of rhizosphere potassium-solubilizing bacteria of invasive Solidago canadensis[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2019, 43(6): 543-556.

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Figures/Tables 12

References 67

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成分 Ingredient	含量 Content (g·L^-1)	成分 Ingredient	含量 Content (g·L^-1)
蔗糖 Sucrose	5.0	Na₂HPO₄	2.0
MgSO₄	0.5	FeCl₃	0.005
CaCO₃	0.1	土壤矿物 Soil mineral	1.0
琼脂 Agar	18.0	蒸馏水 Distilled water	1 000

成分 Ingredient	含量 Content (g·L^-1)	成分 Ingredient	含量 Content (g·L^-1)
蔗糖 Sucrose	5.0	Na₂HPO₄	2.0
MgSO₄	0.5	FeCl₃	0.005
CaCO₃	0.1	土壤矿物 Soil mineral	1.0
琼脂 Agar	18.0	蒸馏水 Distilled water	1 000

菌株编号 Strain No.	菌落形态特征 Colony morphology characteristics	解钾圈半径 potassium- solubilizing ring (R)(cm)	菌落半径 Radius of the colony (r)(cm)	R/r
H5-1	菌斑小且不规则, 白色 Plaque small and irregular, white	0.29	0.26	1.14
H1-3	菌斑大, 凸起低, 色素淡且均匀 Plaque large, low protuberance, light and uniform pigmentation	1.08	0.93	1.16
H1-4	不规则凸起, 透明, 较少色素 Irregular protuberance, transparency, less pigmentation	0.56	0.48	1.17
H6-5	小液滴状, 边缘规则, 色素呈放射状 Small droplets with regular edges and radial pigments	0.47	0.45	1.04
H3-8	菌斑小且不规则, 色素深呈放射状 plaque small and irregular, dark and radial pigments	0.42	0.25	1.68
H5-10	不规则凸起, 菌斑乳白色, 边缘黄色沉着 Irregular protuberance, milky white plaque, yellow edge	0.66	0.53	1.26
H1-12	不规则液滴状, 边缘模糊, 中央色素沉着 Irregular droplet shape, blurred edge, central pigmentation	0.78	0.66	1.18
H2-14	液滴状, 凸起高, 色素呈圆形 Droplet-shaped, tall protuberance, rounded pigments	0.84	0.54	1.56
H1-15	菌斑小, 边缘不规则, 色素呈伞状 Plaque small, irregular margin, umbrella-shaped pigments	0.56	0.38	1.46
H2-16	不规则液滴状, 浑浊, 中央色素沉着 Irregular droplet, turbid, central pigmentation	0.62	0.40	1.55
H2-17	规则小液滴凸起, 色素少 Regular small droplets protruding, less pigmentation	0.52	0.32	1.63
H5-18	液滴状, 透明, 中央色素沉着 Droplet-like, transparent, central pigmentation	0.72	0.52	1.38
H1-19	边缘锯齿形, 液滴状, 色素呈同心圆状 Edge serrated, droplet-shaped, concentric circle of pigments	1.10	0.74	1.49
H2-20	菌斑较大, 规则液滴状, 色素均匀 Plaque large, regular droplet shape, uniform pigmentation	1.00	0.64	1.56
H1-21	规则液滴状, 凸起高, 透明, 色素少 Regular droplet shape, high protrusion, transparent, less pigmentation	0.94	0.56	1.68

菌株编号 Strain No.	菌落形态特征 Colony morphology characteristics	解钾圈半径 potassium- solubilizing ring (R)(cm)	菌落半径 Radius of the colony (r)(cm)	R/r
H5-1	菌斑小且不规则, 白色 Plaque small and irregular, white	0.29	0.26	1.14
H1-3	菌斑大, 凸起低, 色素淡且均匀 Plaque large, low protuberance, light and uniform pigmentation	1.08	0.93	1.16
H1-4	不规则凸起, 透明, 较少色素 Irregular protuberance, transparency, less pigmentation	0.56	0.48	1.17
H6-5	小液滴状, 边缘规则, 色素呈放射状 Small droplets with regular edges and radial pigments	0.47	0.45	1.04
H3-8	菌斑小且不规则, 色素深呈放射状 plaque small and irregular, dark and radial pigments	0.42	0.25	1.68
H5-10	不规则凸起, 菌斑乳白色, 边缘黄色沉着 Irregular protuberance, milky white plaque, yellow edge	0.66	0.53	1.26
H1-12	不规则液滴状, 边缘模糊, 中央色素沉着 Irregular droplet shape, blurred edge, central pigmentation	0.78	0.66	1.18
H2-14	液滴状, 凸起高, 色素呈圆形 Droplet-shaped, tall protuberance, rounded pigments	0.84	0.54	1.56
H1-15	菌斑小, 边缘不规则, 色素呈伞状 Plaque small, irregular margin, umbrella-shaped pigments	0.56	0.38	1.46
H2-16	不规则液滴状, 浑浊, 中央色素沉着 Irregular droplet, turbid, central pigmentation	0.62	0.40	1.55
H2-17	规则小液滴凸起, 色素少 Regular small droplets protruding, less pigmentation	0.52	0.32	1.63
H5-18	液滴状, 透明, 中央色素沉着 Droplet-like, transparent, central pigmentation	0.72	0.52	1.38
H1-19	边缘锯齿形, 液滴状, 色素呈同心圆状 Edge serrated, droplet-shaped, concentric circle of pigments	1.10	0.74	1.49
H2-20	菌斑较大, 规则液滴状, 色素均匀 Plaque large, regular droplet shape, uniform pigmentation	1.00	0.64	1.56
H1-21	规则液滴状, 凸起高, 透明, 色素少 Regular droplet shape, high protrusion, transparent, less pigmentation	0.94	0.56	1.68

菌株编号 Strain No.	菌落形态特征 Colony morphology characteristics	解钾圈半径 potassium- solubilizing ring (R)(cm)	菌落半径 Radius of the colony (r)(cm)	R/r
B1-6	凸起低, 浑浊, 中央色素呈同心圆状 Low protrusion, turbid, concentric circle of central pigments	0.74	0.55	1.34
B6-7	不规则凸起, 浑浊 Irregular bulge, turbidity	0.65	0.55	1.18
B2-9	菌斑小且不规则, 白色, 无凸起 Plaque small and irregular, white, without protuberance	0.92	0.70	1.31
B4-11	规则液滴状, 凸起较高, 色素淡且均匀 Regular droplet shape, higher protuberance, light and uniform pigmentation	0.50	0.41	1.22
B6-13	液滴状, 凸起高, 色素均匀沉着 Droplet-like, protruding, uniformly pigmented	0.56	0.46	1.21