季节性雪被对高山森林凋落物分解的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00029

植物生态学报 ›› 2013, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (4): 296-305.DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00029

季节性雪被对高山森林凋落物分解的影响

武启骞¹, 吴福忠¹, 杨万勤¹^,^*(), 徐振锋¹, 何伟¹, 何敏¹, 赵野逸¹, 朱剑霄¹^,²

¹四川农业大学生态林业研究所, 四川省林业生态工程省级重点实验室, 成都 611130
²北京大学地表过程分析与模拟教育部重点实验室, 北京 100871

收稿日期:2012-12-12 接受日期:2013-02-12 出版日期:2013-12-12 发布日期:2013-04-09
通讯作者: 杨万勤
作者简介:*(E-mail:scyangwq@163.com)
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31170423、31000213和31270498);国家“十二五”科技支撑计划(2011- BAC09B05);四川省杰出青年学术与技术带头人培育项目(2012JQ0008);四川省杰出青年学术与技术带头人培育项目(2012JQ0059);中国博士后科学基金特别资助(2012T50782)

Effect of seasonal snow cover on litter decomposition in alpine forest

WU Qi-Qian¹, WU Fu-Zhong¹, YANG Wan-Qin¹^,^*(), XU Zhen-Feng¹, HE Wei¹, HE Min¹, ZHAO Ye-Yi¹, ZHU Jian-Xiao¹^,²

¹Key Laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering of Sichuan Province, Institute of Ecological & Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
²Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China

Received:2012-12-12 Accepted:2013-02-12 Online:2013-12-12 Published:2013-04-09
Contact: YANG Wan-Qin

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

季节性雪被可能对高山森林凋落物分解产生重要影响, 但一直没有深入的研究。该文采用凋落物分解袋法, 于2010-2012年雪被覆盖下几个关键时期(冻结初期、深冻期和融化期)以及生长季节, 研究了川西高山森林代表性树种岷江冷杉(Abies faxoniana)、红桦(Betula albosinensis)、四川红杉(Larix mastersiana)和方枝柏(Sabina saltuaria)凋落叶在不同厚度冬季雪被下的分解动态。经过两年的分解, 不同雪被覆盖下岷江冷杉凋落物分解率为33.98%-39.55%, 红桦为46.49%-48.22%, 四川红杉为42.30%-44.93%, 方枝柏为40.34%-43.84%。相对于无雪被覆盖环境, 厚型雪被覆盖均小幅提高了4种凋落物两年的失重率(1.57%-5.57%)。3个针叶树种(岷江冷杉、四川红杉和方枝柏) Olson凋落物分解系数k均以厚型雪被覆盖最大, 薄型雪被覆盖最小, 而阔叶树种红桦分解系数k则表现为无雪被>薄型雪被>较厚型雪被>厚型雪被>中型雪被。尽管在第二年生长季中雪被对红桦凋落物分解的促进作用不明显, 但雪被覆盖明显促进了两年各个关键时期岷江冷杉、四川红杉和方枝柏凋落物的分解。第一年雪被期凋落物分解对当年分解总量的贡献达42.5%-65.5%, 季节性雪被变化明显改变了凋落物冬季分解格局, 对深冻期凋落物分解过程影响尤为显著。综上所述, 当前气候变化情景下冬季雪被的减少可能减缓该区森林凋落物分解过程, 但相对于易分解的阔叶凋落物, 针叶凋落物的响应特征可能更为强烈。

关键词: 高山森林, 凋落物分解, 质量损失, 雪被

Abstract:

Aim Seasonal snow cover may play an important role in litter decomposition in subalpine forest, but little information has been available on the effects of different snow depths on litter mass loss. Therefore, our objective was to characterize the rate of mass loss during litter decomposition under different snow cover conditions.
Methods A field litterbag experiment was conducted in an alpine fir forest of western Sichuan, China from October 2010 to October 2012. Samples of air-dried leaf litter of fir (Abies faxoniana), larch (Larix mastersiana), cypress (Sabina saltuaria) and birch (Betula albosinensi) were placed in nylon litterbags (20 cm × 20 cm, 10 g per bag), and the edges were sealed. Mass loss rates were investigated at different critical stages (onset of freezing period, deep freezing period, thawing stage and growing season) during two years of decomposition.
Important findings Two years of decomposition resulted in mass loss of 33.98%-39.55% for fir, 46.49%-48.22% for birch, 42.30%-44.93% for larch and 40.34%-43.84% for cypress. Compared with no snow cover, thick snow cover marginally increased mass loss by 1.73%-5.57%. The k values from the Olson decomposition constant for three coniferous litters (fir, larch and cypress) were highest under thick snow cover and lowest under no snow cover. However, the k value for birch, a broad-leaved species, showed the ranked order of no snow cover﹥thin snow cover﹥thicker snow cover﹥thick snow cover﹥medium snow cover. Although snow cover did not significantly promote decomposition of birch litter during growing season in the second year, snow cover significantly promoted decomposition of fir, larch and cypress litters at all investigated stages in two years. Additionally, mass loss during snow cover period in the first year accounted for 42.5%-65.5% of the entire first year decomposition, indicating that seasonal snow cover dramatically changed the decomposition of leaf litters in winter, especially at the deep frozen stage. In conclusion, litter decomposition in this alpine forest would be delayed by the decrease of winter snow cover predicted with climate change. Compared with broad-leaved litter, coniferous litter could display stronger responses to such changes of snow cover.

Key words: alpine forest, litter decomposition, mass loss, snow cover

武启骞, 吴福忠, 杨万勤, 徐振锋, 何伟, 何敏, 赵野逸, 朱剑霄. 季节性雪被对高山森林凋落物分解的影响. 植物生态学报, 2013, 37(4): 296-305. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00029

WU Qi-Qian, WU Fu-Zhong, YANG Wan-Qin, XU Zhen-Feng, HE Wei, HE Min, ZHAO Ye-Yi, ZHU Jian-Xiao. Effect of seasonal snow cover on litter decomposition in alpine forest. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2013, 37(4): 296-305. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00029

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00029

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2013/V37/I4/296

图/表 6

参考文献 33

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	第一年 First year
	OF	DF	TS	EGS	LGS	OF	DF	TS	EGS	LGS
p_S	0.000^**	0.000^**	0.000^**	0.000^**	0.000^**	0.000^**	0.000^**	0.000^**	0.000^**	0.000^**
p_C	0.081	0.000^**	0.000^**	0.000^**	0.217	0.054	0.000^**	0.000^**	0.000^**	0.000^**
p_S×C	0.696	0.437	0.018^*	0.151	0.974	0.628	0.319	0.318	0.332	0.397

	第一年 First year
	OF	DF	TS	EGS	LGS	OF	DF	TS	EGS	LGS
p_S	0.000^**	0.000^**	0.000^**	0.000^**	0.000^**	0.000^**	0.000^**	0.000^**	0.000^**	0.000^**
p_C	0.081	0.000^**	0.000^**	0.000^**	0.217	0.054	0.000^**	0.000^**	0.000^**	0.000^**
p_S×C	0.696	0.437	0.018^*	0.151	0.974	0.628	0.319	0.318	0.332	0.397

物种 Species	雪被 Snow cover	回归方程 Regression models	分解系数 k Decomposition constant k	相关系数 r² Correlation coefficient r²	半分解时间 Time of half decomposition (a)	95%分解时间 Time of 95% decomposition (a)	显著性 Significance
岷江冷杉 Abies faxoniana	厚型雪被 Thick snow cover	y = 94.89e^-0.257^t	0.257	0.95	2.73	11.80	p < 0.001
	较厚型雪被 Thicker snow cover	y = 94.70e^-0.240^t	0.240	0.96	2.93	12.66	p < 0.001
	中型雪被 Medium snow cover	y = 93.21e^-0.224^t	0.224	0.96	3.13	13.55	p < 0.001
	薄型雪被 Thin snow cover	y = 93.65e^-0.201^t	0.201	0.95	3.45	15.12	p < 0.001
	无雪被 No snow cover	y = 96.03e^-0.215^t	0.215	0.94	3.27	14.12	p < 0.001
四川红杉 Larix mastersiana	厚型雪被 Thick snow cover	y = 87.58e^-0.249^t	0.249	0.92	2.76	11.94	p < 0.001
	较厚型雪被 Thicker snow cover	y = 86.91e^-0.236^t	0.236	0.92	2.98	12.88	p < 0.001
	中型雪被 Medium snow cover	y = 88.88e^-0.237^t	0.237	0.95	2.96	12.81	p < 0.001
	薄型雪被 Thin snow cover	y = 88.87e^-0.230^t	0.230	0.95	3.05	13.19	p < 0.001
	无雪被 No snow cover	y = 92.19e^-0.253^t	0.253	0.96	2.77	11.99	p < 0.001
方枝柏 Sabina saltuaria	厚型雪被 Thick snow cover	y = 94.31e^-0.279^t	0.279	0.95	2.52	10.87	p < 0.001
	较厚型雪被 Thicker snow cover	y = 94.42e^-0.273^t	0.273	0.99	2.57	11.11	p < 0.001
	中型雪被 Medium snow cover	y = 97.76e^-0.279^t	0.279	0.97	2.52	10.89	p < 0.001
	薄型雪被 Thin snow cover	y = 94.97e^-0.271^t	0.271	0.95	2.60	11.23	p < 0.001
	无雪被 No snow cover	y = 98.35e^-0.272^t	0.272	0.98	2.58	11.15	p < 0.001
红桦 Betula albosinensis	厚型雪被 Thick snow cover	y = 92.88e^-0.321^t	0.321	0.97	2.19	9.46	p < 0.001
	较厚型雪被 Thicker snow cover	y = 93.92e^-0.326^t	0.326	0.96	2.16	9.32	p < 0.001
	中型雪被 Medium snow cover	y = 92.71e^-0.317^t	0.317	0.97	2.22	9.58	p < 0.001
	薄型雪被 Thin snow cover	y = 94.42e^-0.327^t	0.327	0.97	2.15	9.30	p < 0.001
	无雪被 No snow cover	y = 97.49e^-0.338^t	0.338	0.96	2.08	8.98	p < 0.001

物种 Species	雪被 Snow cover	回归方程 Regression models	分解系数 k Decomposition constant k	相关系数 r² Correlation coefficient r²	半分解时间 Time of half decomposition (a)	95%分解时间 Time of 95% decomposition (a)	显著性 Significance
岷江冷杉 Abies faxoniana	厚型雪被 Thick snow cover	y = 94.89e^-0.257^t	0.257	0.95	2.73	11.80	p < 0.001
	较厚型雪被 Thicker snow cover	y = 94.70e^-0.240^t	0.240	0.96	2.93	12.66	p < 0.001
	中型雪被 Medium snow cover	y = 93.21e^-0.224^t	0.224	0.96	3.13	13.55	p < 0.001
	薄型雪被 Thin snow cover	y = 93.65e^-0.201^t	0.201	0.95	3.45	15.12	p < 0.001
	无雪被 No snow cover	y = 96.03e^-0.215^t	0.215	0.94	3.27	14.12	p < 0.001
四川红杉 Larix mastersiana	厚型雪被 Thick snow cover	y = 87.58e^-0.249^t	0.249	0.92	2.76	11.94	p < 0.001
	较厚型雪被 Thicker snow cover	y = 86.91e^-0.236^t	0.236	0.92	2.98	12.88	p < 0.001
	中型雪被 Medium snow cover	y = 88.88e^-0.237^t	0.237	0.95	2.96	12.81	p < 0.001
	薄型雪被 Thin snow cover	y = 88.87e^-0.230^t	0.230	0.95	3.05	13.19	p < 0.001
	无雪被 No snow cover	y = 92.19e^-0.253^t	0.253	0.96	2.77	11.99	p < 0.001
方枝柏 Sabina saltuaria	厚型雪被 Thick snow cover	y = 94.31e^-0.279^t	0.279	0.95	2.52	10.87	p < 0.001
	较厚型雪被 Thicker snow cover	y = 94.42e^-0.273^t	0.273	0.99	2.57	11.11	p < 0.001
	中型雪被 Medium snow cover	y = 97.76e^-0.279^t	0.279	0.97	2.52	10.89	p < 0.001
	薄型雪被 Thin snow cover	y = 94.97e^-0.271^t	0.271	0.95	2.60	11.23	p < 0.001
	无雪被 No snow cover	y = 98.35e^-0.272^t	0.272	0.98	2.58	11.15	p < 0.001
红桦 Betula albosinensis	厚型雪被 Thick snow cover	y = 92.88e^-0.321^t	0.321	0.97	2.19	9.46	p < 0.001
	较厚型雪被 Thicker snow cover	y = 93.92e^-0.326^t	0.326	0.96	2.16	9.32	p < 0.001
	中型雪被 Medium snow cover	y = 92.71e^-0.317^t	0.317	0.97	2.22	9.58	p < 0.001
	薄型雪被 Thin snow cover	y = 94.42e^-0.327^t	0.327	0.97	2.15	9.30	p < 0.001
	无雪被 No snow cover	y = 97.49e^-0.338^t	0.338	0.96	2.08	8.98	p < 0.001

季节性雪被对高山森林凋落物分解的影响

Effect of seasonal snow cover on litter decomposition in alpine forest

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