Ca2+缓解NaCl胁迫引起的玉米光合能力下降的作用

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2005.0042

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以‘鲁玉 14号玉米’ (‘Zeamayscv.Luyu 14’) 为材料, 研究了Ca2 + 对NaCl胁迫下玉米叶片的气孔导度、净光合速率、Mehler反应及其对超氧化物歧化酶SOD和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶APX活性的影响, 探讨了Ca2 + 在盐胁迫中的可能作用及其作用机制。正常生长条件下外施 2~ 16mmol·L-1Ca2 + 造成气孔导度下降, 但在盐胁迫条件下外施 2~ 8mmol·L-1Ca2 + 却能降低盐胁迫造成的气孔导度下降。另外, 无论正常生长条件下还是盐胁迫下, 依赖Mehler反应的电子传递都会因Ca2 + 的加入而增强, 但后者的增强程度较大。对照植株经 2~ 8mmol·L-1Ca2 + 处理后总电子传递明显降低, 而外施 2~ 8mmol·L-1Ca2 + 对盐胁迫植株的总电子传递却有明显的促进作用。8mmol·L-1Ca2 + 显著地提高了盐胁迫下SOD和APX的活性, 相比之下, Ca2 + 对APX活性的促进作用更加显著。Ca2 + 的加入明显减轻了盐胁迫对玉米的抑制作用, 这主要归因于Ca2 + 降低了盐胁迫造成的气孔关闭, 改善了光合作用, 并通过促进Mehler反应一方面直接耗散过剩的激发电子避免了电子传递链的过度还原, 另一方面建立跨膜的 pH梯度刺激依赖叶黄素循环的热耗散来耗散过剩光能, 从而缓解了盐胁迫下过剩光能对玉米造成的伤害。而Mehler反应产生的活性氧可以被活性提高的抗氧化酶所清除。

关键词: 玉米, 盐胁迫, 光合能力, Mehler反应, Ca2+

Abstract:

Zea mays cv. Luyu 14' was used to study the effects of Ca 2+ on stomatal conductance, net photosynthetic rates, Mehler reactions and the activities of the antioxidant enzymes, SOD and APX, under NaCl stress. Additions of 2-16 mmol·L -1 Ca 2+ suppressed stomatal conductance of maize leaves under normal growing conditions but significantly increased stomatal conductance under NaCl stress. Mehler reaction dependent electron transport rate was increased by the addition of 2-8 mmol·L -1 Ca 2+ both in controls and in the NaCl stressed maize leaves; however, the extent of the increase was greater in salt stressed maize leaves. The total electron transport rate was reduced in controls but increased in NaCl stressed maize leaves by the addition of 2-8 mmol·L -1 Ca 2+. The addition of 8 mmol·L -1 Ca 2+ significantly increased the activities of SOD and APX with the extent of the increase greater in APX than SOD. In conclusion, addition of Ca 2+ alleviated inhibition induced by NaCl stress in maize leaves, which was associated with the promotion of photosynthesis, the enhancement of Mehler reaction, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes. The enhanced Mehler reaction could not only consume excess excitation energy to avoid over reduction of the electron chain of photosynthesis but also promoted xanthophyll cycle dependent thermal dissipation by forming a transthylakoid membrane pH gradient (ΔpH) to efficiently protect maize leaves against photodamage under salt stress. Also, the active oxygen produced via the Mehler reaction was scavenged by the enhanced anti-oxidative enzymes.

Key words: Maize, Salt stress, Photosynthesis, Mehler reaction, Ca 2+

张乃华, 高辉远, 邹琦. Ca²⁺缓解NaCl胁迫引起的玉米光合能力下降的作用. 植物生态学报, 2005, 29(2): 324-330. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2005.0042

ZHANG Nai-Hua, GAO Hui-Yuan, ZOU Qi. EFFECT OF CALCIUM ON ALLEVIATION OF DECREASED PHOTOSYNTHETIC ABILITY IN SALT-STRESSED MAIZE LEAVES. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2005, 29(2): 324-330. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2005.0042

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https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2005/V29/I2/324

图/表 5

图1 2 mmol·L-1和8 mmol·L-1 CaCl2对对照玉米和150 mmol·L-1 NaCl胁迫3 d后玉米叶片Fv/Fm的影响 (测定在室温进行, 每个点为4次重复的平均值)

Fig.1 Effect of 2 mmol·L-1 and 8 mmol·L-1 CaCl2 on Fv/Fm in control and 150 mmol·L-1 NaCl stressed maize leaves (Data are means±SE of four independent measurements at room temperature (25 ℃) ) A:CK B: 150 mmol·L-1 NaCl C: 2 mmol·L-1 Ca2+ D: 150 mmol·L-1NaCl+2 mmol·L-1 Ca2+ E: 8 mmol·L-1 Ca2+ F: 150 mmol·L-1 NaCl+8 mmol·L-1 Ca2+

图2 不同浓度Ca2+ (0、2、8和16 mmol·L-1) 对对照玉米的Gs (a) 和Pn (c) 以及对 150 mmol·L-1的NaCl胁迫3 d后玉米叶片的Gs (b) 和Pn (d) 的影响测定在1 000 μmol·m-2·s-1光照、360 μmol·mol-1 CO2和25 ℃下进行, 每个点为4次重复的平均值

Fig.2 Effects of different CaCl2 concentration on stomatal conductance (Gs) and net photosynthetic rate (Pn) in control (a, c) and 150 mmol·L-1 NaCl stressed (b, d) maize leaves Measurements were made in 1 000 μmol·m-2·s-1 PFD、360 μmol·mol-1 CO2 and 25 ℃. Data are means ±SE of four independent measurements

图3 不同Ca2+浓度 (2和8 mmol·L-1) 对对照玉米的 (ETR) m (a) 和 (ETR) t (c) 以及对150 mmol·L-1的NaCl胁迫3 d后玉米叶片的 (ETR) m (b) 和 (ETR) t (d) 的影响测定在1 000 μmol·m-2·s-1光照, 360 μmol·mol-1 CO2和25 ℃下进行, 每个点为4次重复的平均值

Fig.3 Effect of different CaCl2 concentration on (ETR) m (Mehler reaction dependent electron transport rate) and (ETR) t (the total electron transport rate) in control (a, c) and 150 mmol·L-1 NaCl stressed (b, d) maize leaves Measurements were made in 1 000 μmol·m-2·s-1 PFD、360 μmol·mol-1 CO2 and 25 ℃. Data are means±SE of four independent measurementsA:CK B: 2 mmol·L-1 Ca2+ C: 8 mmol·L-1 Ca2+ D: 150 mmol·L-1NaCl E: 150 mmol·L-1NaCl+2 mmol·L-1 Ca2+ F: 150 mmol·L-1 NaCl+8 mmol·L-1 Ca2+

图4 在2 000 μmol·mol -1 CO2, 20% O2 (◆) 和2 000 μmol·mol -1 CO2, 2% O2 (□) 条件下, 不同Ca2+浓度 (0 mmol·L-1、2 mmol·L-1、8 mmol·L-1、 16 mmol·L-1) 对对照玉米 (a) 和150 mmol·L-1的NaCl胁迫3 d后玉米 (b) 叶片的NPQ的影响测定在25 ℃下进行, 每个点为4次重复的平均值

Fig.4 Effect of different CaCl2 concentration on NPQ in control (a) and 150 mmol·L-1 NaCl stressed maize leaves under 2 000 μmol·mol -1CO2, 20%O2 (◆) and 2 000 μmol·mol -1 CO2, 2% O2 (□) Data are means ±SE of four independent measurements at room temperature (25 ℃)

图5 8 mmol·L-1 CaCl2处理对150 mmol·L-1的NaCl胁迫3 d后玉米叶片的SOD (a) 和APX (b) 活性的影响测定在25 ℃下进行, 每个点为4次重复的平均值

Fig.5 Effect of calcium on SOD activity (a) and APX activity (b) in 150 mmol·L-1 NaCl stressed maize leaves Data are means±SE of four independent measurements at room temperature (25 ℃) A:CK B: 150 mmol·L-1 NaCl C: 150 mmol·L-1 NaCl + 8 mmol·L-1 Ca2+

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Ca²⁺缓解NaCl胁迫引起的玉米光合能力下降的作用

EFFECT OF CALCIUM ON ALLEVIATION OF DECREASED PHOTOSYNTHETIC ABILITY IN SALT-STRESSED MAIZE LEAVES

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