林分、土壤及空间因子对谷地云冷杉林叶面积指数空间异质性的影响

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2018.0310

植物生态学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (4): 342-351.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2018.0310

林分、土壤及空间因子对谷地云冷杉林叶面积指数空间异质性的影响

杨焕莹¹,宋建达¹,周焘¹,金光泽^2,³,姜峰²,刘志理^2,^3,^*()

1 东北林业大学林学院, 哈尔滨 150040
2 东北林业大学生态研究中心, 哈尔滨 150040
3 东北林业大学森林生态系统可持续经营教育部重点实验室, 哈尔滨 150040

收稿日期:2018-12-07 修回日期:2019-04-16 出版日期:2019-04-20 发布日期:2019-05-30
通讯作者: 刘志理
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31600587);中国博士后科学基金(2016M590271);黑龙江博士后基金(LBH-TZ1802)

Influences of stand, soil and space factors on spatial heterogeneity of leaf area index in a spruce-fir valley forest in Xiao Hinggan Ling, China

YANG Huan-Ying¹,SONG Jian-Da¹,ZHOU Tao¹,JIN Guang-Ze^2,³,JIANG Feng²,LIU Zhi-Li^2,^3,^*()

1 School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
2 Center for Ecological Research, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
3 Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China

Received:2018-12-07 Revised:2019-04-16 Online:2019-04-20 Published:2019-05-30
Contact: LIU Zhi-Li
Supported by:
Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31600587);the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2016M590271);the Heilongjiang Postdoctoral Foundation(LBH-TZ1802)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

叶面积指数(LAI)的空间异质性对研究植物的生长状况、分布格局及其对气候变化的响应机制至关重要, 然而关于不同因素对解释LAI空间变异相对贡献率的报道尚少。该研究依托小兴安岭9.12 hm ² (380 m × 240 m)谷地云冷杉林固定样地, 采用LAI-2200植物冠层分析仪测定了228个小样方(20 m × 20 m)的LAI, 基于地统计学方法分析了LAI的空间异质性; 测定了每个小样方的28个林分因子和10个土壤因子, 利用主轴邻距法(PCNM)量化了空间因子, 并采用方差分解的方法解析了林分、土壤、空间因子及其相互作用对LAI空间变异的相对贡献率。结果表明: LAI在37 m尺度内具有强烈的空间自相关, 且在不同方向上LAI呈现相异的空间格局; 3种因子及其相互作用共同解释了LAI空间变异的50.4%, 其中空间因子的贡献率最大, 单独解释了LAI空间变异的25.5%; 中等树(5 cm <胸径≤ 10 cm)的密度和主要树种(冷杉(Abies nephrolepis)和云杉(Picea spp.))的胸高断面积均与LAI显著正相关, 质量含水率与LAI显著负相关。总体来看, 空间自相关对小兴安岭谷地云冷杉林LAI空间异质性的决定作用明显强于林分因子和土壤因子。

关键词: 谷地云冷杉林, 叶面积指数, 空间异质性, 地统计学分析

Abstract:

AimsSpatial heterogeneity of leaf area index (LAI) is very important for exploring the growth and spatial distributions of plants, as well as response strategy of plants to climate changes. Many previous studies have shown that biotic and abiotic factors had significant influences on spatial heterogeneity of LAI. However, few studies have been conducted to show the relative contributions of different influencing factors to the total variations of LAI. Our aim was to quantify the relative contributions of stand, soil and space factors to the total spatial variations of LAI in a spruce-fir valley forest in northeast China.
MethodsWe relied on a 9.12 hm ² (380 m × 240 m) spruce-fir valley forest plot in Xiao Hinggan Ling, China, which was divided into 228 subplots (20 m × 20 m). First, we measured LAI for each subplot by using the LAI-2200 plant canopy analyzer and then analyzed the spatial heterogeneity of LAI using geo-statistic methods (semivariogram and Kriging interpolation). Second, we measured 28 stand factors and 10 soil factors for each subplot, and quantified space factors using principal coordinates of neighbor matrices (PCNM). Finally, we quantified the relative contributions of stand, soil and space factors to the total spatial variations of LAI using the variance partitioning method.
Important findings The results showed that strong spatial autocorrelations of LAI values within 37 m distances in the spruce-fir valley forest, and the LAI presented different spatial patterns along distinct directions. The stand, soil and space factors totally explained 50.4% of the total spatial variations of LAI in the forest plot. The space factors explained greater spatial variations of LAI in relative to stand and soil factors, and solely explained 25.5% of the total spatial variations. The density of middle tree group (5 cm < diameter at breast height ≤ 10 cm) and basal area of major tree groups (including Abies nephrolepis and Picea spp.) were both significantly and positively correlated with LAI; and soil mass moisture content was significantly and negatively correlated with LAI. These results generally suggest that the spatial autocorrelation is more important than stand factor and soil factor for determining spatial heterogeneity of LAI of the spruce-fir valley forest in Xiao Hinggan Ling, China.

Key words: spruce-fir valley forest, leaf area index, spatial heterogeneity, geostatistical analysis

杨焕莹, 宋建达, 周焘, 金光泽, 姜峰, 刘志理. 林分、土壤及空间因子对谷地云冷杉林叶面积指数空间异质性的影响. 植物生态学报, 2019, 43(4): 342-351. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2018.0310

YANG Huan-Ying, SONG Jian-Da, ZHOU Tao, JIN Guang-Ze, JIANG Feng, LIU Zhi-Li. Influences of stand, soil and space factors on spatial heterogeneity of leaf area index in a spruce-fir valley forest in Xiao Hinggan Ling, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2019, 43(4): 342-351. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2018.0310

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2018.0310

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2019/V43/I4/342

图/表 9

图1 小兴安岭谷地云冷杉林叶面积指数(LAI)的频率分布图。CV, 变异系数。

Fig. 1 Frequency distribution of leaf area index (LAI) in a spruce-fir valley forest in Xiao Hinggan Ling, China. CV, variable coefficient.

表1 小兴安岭谷地云冷杉林叶面积指数(LAI)变异函数的理论模型及参数

Table 1 Theory semivariogram theoretical models and fitted parameters for leaf area index (LAI) values in a spruce-fir valley forest in Xiao Hinggan Ling, China

理论模型 Theory model	块金值 Nugget (C₀)	基台值 Sill (C₀ + C)	空间结构比 Spatial structure ratio C₀/(C₀ + C)	变程 Range (A, m)	决定系数 R²
高斯模型 Gaussian	0.204	1.751	0.117	37	0.887
指数模型 Exponential	0.251	2.541	0.099	53	0.859
球状模型 Spherical	0.079	2.519	0.031	43	0.880

图2 小兴安岭谷地云冷杉林叶面积指数(LAI)空间分布图。

Fig. 2 Spatial distribution of leaf area index (LAI) in a spruce-fir valley forest in Xiao Hinggan Ling, China.

图3 小兴安岭谷地云冷杉林叶面积指数(LAI)在4个方向上(0°、90°、45°和135°)的各向异性变异函数图。

Fig. 3 Anisotropic semivariograms at four directions (east- west (0°), south-north (90°), northeast-southwest (45°), and northwest-southeast (135°)) of leaf area index (LAI) in a spruce- fir valley forest in Xiao Hinggan Ling, China.

图4 小兴安岭谷地云冷杉林叶面积指数(LAI)在4个方向上(0° vs 90°和45° vs 135°)的各向异性比。

Fig. 4 Anisotropy ratios of semivariograms between two directions (0° vs 90° and 45° vs 135°) of leaf area index (LAI) in a spruce-fir valley forest in Xiao Hinggan Ling, China.

图5 林分、土壤和空间因子对小兴安岭谷地云冷杉林叶面积指数(LAI)变异的相对贡献率(%)。***, p < 0.001。

Fig. 5 Relative contribution (%) of stand, soil and space factors to variations of leaf area index (LAI) in a spruce-fir valley forest in Xiao Hinggan Ling, China. ***, p < 0.001.

表2 小兴安岭谷地云冷杉林叶面积指数(LAI)空间变异的显著影响因子统计分析

Table 2 Summary statistics of significant influence factors of the spatial distribution of leaf area index (LAI) in a spruce-fir valley forest in Xiao Hinggan Ling, China.

因子 Factor	调整R² Adjusted R²	F	p
^a中等树密度 ^aDensity_mid (N·hm^-2)	0.17	46.77	0.000 1
^a主要树种胸高断面积 ^aBA_major (m²·hm^-2)	0.05	14.03	0.000 4
^a全部树阔针比 ^aPBBN_total(%)	0.02	6.36	0.013 0
^b容重 ^bBulk density (g·cm^-3)	0.04	9.89	0.036 5
^b质量含水率 ^bMass moisture content (g·g^-1)	0.02	4.55	0.002 3

表3 小兴安岭谷地云冷杉林叶面积指数(LAI)空间变异的显著影响因子统计信息

Table 3 Descriptive statistical characteristics of the significant influence factors of the spatial distribution of leaf area index (LAI) in a spruce-fir valley forest in Xiao Hinggan Ling, China

参数 Parameter	林分因子 Stand factor			土壤因子 Soil factor
参数 Parameter	中等树密度 Density_mid (N·hm^-2)	主要树种胸高断面积 BA_major (m²·hm^-2)	全部树阔针比 PBBN_total	容重 Bulk density (g·cm^-3)	质量含水率 Mass moisture content (g·g^-1)
最大值 Maximum	2 750	37.8	2.70	0.63	5.53
最小值 Minimum	50	2.9	0.00	0.12	0.53
平均值 Mean	1 006	15.9	0.26	0.27	2.97
标准偏差 SD	553	6.3	0.31	0.11	1.15
变异系数 CV (%)	55	40	118	40	39

图6 5个显著因子与小兴安岭谷地云冷杉林叶面积指数(LAI)的相关关系。

Fig. 6 Relationships between five significant influence factors and leaf area index (LAI) in a spruce-fir valley forest in Xiao Hinggan Ling, China. Densitymid, the density of middle tree group (5 cm < DBH ≤ 10 cm); BAmajor, basal area of major trees; PBBNtotal, the proportion of basal area of broadleaf species to needleleaf species for total trees in a plot.

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林分、土壤及空间因子对谷地云冷杉林叶面积指数空间异质性的影响

Influences of stand, soil and space factors on spatial heterogeneity of leaf area index in a spruce-fir valley forest in Xiao Hinggan Ling, China

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