植物生态学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (4): 342-351.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2018.0310
杨焕莹1,宋建达1,周焘1,金光泽2,3,姜峰2,刘志理2,3,*()
收稿日期:
2018-12-07
修回日期:
2019-04-16
出版日期:
2019-04-20
发布日期:
2019-05-30
通讯作者:
刘志理
基金资助:
YANG Huan-Ying1,SONG Jian-Da1,ZHOU Tao1,JIN Guang-Ze2,3,JIANG Feng2,LIU Zhi-Li2,3,*()
Received:
2018-12-07
Revised:
2019-04-16
Online:
2019-04-20
Published:
2019-05-30
Contact:
LIU Zhi-Li
Supported by:
摘要:
叶面积指数(LAI)的空间异质性对研究植物的生长状况、分布格局及其对气候变化的响应机制至关重要, 然而关于不同因素对解释LAI空间变异相对贡献率的报道尚少。该研究依托小兴安岭9.12 hm 2 (380 m × 240 m)谷地云冷杉林固定样地, 采用LAI-2200植物冠层分析仪测定了228个小样方(20 m × 20 m)的LAI, 基于地统计学方法分析了LAI的空间异质性; 测定了每个小样方的28个林分因子和10个土壤因子, 利用主轴邻距法(PCNM)量化了空间因子, 并采用方差分解的方法解析了林分、土壤、空间因子及其相互作用对LAI空间变异的相对贡献率。结果表明: LAI在37 m尺度内具有强烈的空间自相关, 且在不同方向上LAI呈现相异的空间格局; 3种因子及其相互作用共同解释了LAI空间变异的50.4%, 其中空间因子的贡献率最大, 单独解释了LAI空间变异的25.5%; 中等树(5 cm <胸径≤ 10 cm)的密度和主要树种(冷杉(Abies nephrolepis)和云杉(Picea spp.))的胸高断面积均与LAI显著正相关, 质量含水率与LAI显著负相关。总体来看, 空间自相关对小兴安岭谷地云冷杉林LAI空间异质性的决定作用明显强于林分因子和土壤因子。
杨焕莹, 宋建达, 周焘, 金光泽, 姜峰, 刘志理. 林分、土壤及空间因子对谷地云冷杉林叶面积指数空间异质性的影响. 植物生态学报, 2019, 43(4): 342-351. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2018.0310
YANG Huan-Ying, SONG Jian-Da, ZHOU Tao, JIN Guang-Ze, JIANG Feng, LIU Zhi-Li. Influences of stand, soil and space factors on spatial heterogeneity of leaf area index in a spruce-fir valley forest in Xiao Hinggan Ling, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2019, 43(4): 342-351. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2018.0310
图1 小兴安岭谷地云冷杉林叶面积指数(LAI)的频率分布图。CV, 变异系数。
Fig. 1 Frequency distribution of leaf area index (LAI) in a spruce-fir valley forest in Xiao Hinggan Ling, China. CV, variable coefficient.
理论模型 Theory model | 块金值 Nugget (C0) | 基台值 Sill (C0 + C) | 空间结构比 Spatial structure ratio C0/(C0 + C) | 变程 Range (A, m) | 决定系数 R2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
高斯模型 Gaussian | 0.204 | 1.751 | 0.117 | 37 | 0.887 |
指数模型 Exponential | 0.251 | 2.541 | 0.099 | 53 | 0.859 |
球状模型 Spherical | 0.079 | 2.519 | 0.031 | 43 | 0.880 |
表1 小兴安岭谷地云冷杉林叶面积指数(LAI)变异函数的理论模型及参数
Table 1 Theory semivariogram theoretical models and fitted parameters for leaf area index (LAI) values in a spruce-fir valley forest in Xiao Hinggan Ling, China
理论模型 Theory model | 块金值 Nugget (C0) | 基台值 Sill (C0 + C) | 空间结构比 Spatial structure ratio C0/(C0 + C) | 变程 Range (A, m) | 决定系数 R2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
高斯模型 Gaussian | 0.204 | 1.751 | 0.117 | 37 | 0.887 |
指数模型 Exponential | 0.251 | 2.541 | 0.099 | 53 | 0.859 |
球状模型 Spherical | 0.079 | 2.519 | 0.031 | 43 | 0.880 |
图3 小兴安岭谷地云冷杉林叶面积指数(LAI)在4个方向上(0°、90°、45°和135°)的各向异性变异函数图。
Fig. 3 Anisotropic semivariograms at four directions (east- west (0°), south-north (90°), northeast-southwest (45°), and northwest-southeast (135°)) of leaf area index (LAI) in a spruce- fir valley forest in Xiao Hinggan Ling, China.
图4 小兴安岭谷地云冷杉林叶面积指数(LAI)在4个方向上(0° vs 90°和45° vs 135°)的各向异性比。
Fig. 4 Anisotropy ratios of semivariograms between two directions (0° vs 90° and 45° vs 135°) of leaf area index (LAI) in a spruce-fir valley forest in Xiao Hinggan Ling, China.
图5 林分、土壤和空间因子对小兴安岭谷地云冷杉林叶面积指数(LAI)变异的相对贡献率(%)。***, p < 0.001。
Fig. 5 Relative contribution (%) of stand, soil and space factors to variations of leaf area index (LAI) in a spruce-fir valley forest in Xiao Hinggan Ling, China. ***, p < 0.001.
因子 Factor | 调整R2 Adjusted R2 | F | p |
---|---|---|---|
a中等树密度 aDensitymid (N·hm-2) | 0.17 | 46.77 | 0.000 1 |
a主要树种胸高断面积 aBAmajor (m2·hm-2) | 0.05 | 14.03 | 0.000 4 |
a全部树阔针比 aPBBNtotal (%) | 0.02 | 6.36 | 0.013 0 |
b容重 bBulk density (g·cm-3) | 0.04 | 9.89 | 0.036 5 |
b质量含水率 bMass moisture content (g·g-1) | 0.02 | 4.55 | 0.002 3 |
表2 小兴安岭谷地云冷杉林叶面积指数(LAI)空间变异的显著影响因子统计分析
Table 2 Summary statistics of significant influence factors of the spatial distribution of leaf area index (LAI) in a spruce-fir valley forest in Xiao Hinggan Ling, China.
因子 Factor | 调整R2 Adjusted R2 | F | p |
---|---|---|---|
a中等树密度 aDensitymid (N·hm-2) | 0.17 | 46.77 | 0.000 1 |
a主要树种胸高断面积 aBAmajor (m2·hm-2) | 0.05 | 14.03 | 0.000 4 |
a全部树阔针比 aPBBNtotal (%) | 0.02 | 6.36 | 0.013 0 |
b容重 bBulk density (g·cm-3) | 0.04 | 9.89 | 0.036 5 |
b质量含水率 bMass moisture content (g·g-1) | 0.02 | 4.55 | 0.002 3 |
参数 Parameter | 林分因子 Stand factor | 土壤因子 Soil factor | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
中等树密度 Densitymid (N·hm-2) | 主要树种胸高断面积 BAmajor (m2·hm-2) | 全部树阔针比 PBBNtotal | 容重 Bulk density (g·cm-3) | 质量含水率 Mass moisture content (g·g-1) | |
最大值 Maximum | 2 750 | 37.8 | 2.70 | 0.63 | 5.53 |
最小值 Minimum | 50 | 2.9 | 0.00 | 0.12 | 0.53 |
平均值 Mean | 1 006 | 15.9 | 0.26 | 0.27 | 2.97 |
标准偏差 SD | 553 | 6.3 | 0.31 | 0.11 | 1.15 |
变异系数 CV (%) | 55 | 40 | 118 | 40 | 39 |
表3 小兴安岭谷地云冷杉林叶面积指数(LAI)空间变异的显著影响因子统计信息
Table 3 Descriptive statistical characteristics of the significant influence factors of the spatial distribution of leaf area index (LAI) in a spruce-fir valley forest in Xiao Hinggan Ling, China
参数 Parameter | 林分因子 Stand factor | 土壤因子 Soil factor | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
中等树密度 Densitymid (N·hm-2) | 主要树种胸高断面积 BAmajor (m2·hm-2) | 全部树阔针比 PBBNtotal | 容重 Bulk density (g·cm-3) | 质量含水率 Mass moisture content (g·g-1) | |
最大值 Maximum | 2 750 | 37.8 | 2.70 | 0.63 | 5.53 |
最小值 Minimum | 50 | 2.9 | 0.00 | 0.12 | 0.53 |
平均值 Mean | 1 006 | 15.9 | 0.26 | 0.27 | 2.97 |
标准偏差 SD | 553 | 6.3 | 0.31 | 0.11 | 1.15 |
变异系数 CV (%) | 55 | 40 | 118 | 40 | 39 |
图6 5个显著因子与小兴安岭谷地云冷杉林叶面积指数(LAI)的相关关系。
Fig. 6 Relationships between five significant influence factors and leaf area index (LAI) in a spruce-fir valley forest in Xiao Hinggan Ling, China. Densitymid, the density of middle tree group (5 cm < DBH ≤ 10 cm); BAmajor, basal area of major trees; PBBNtotal, the proportion of basal area of broadleaf species to needleleaf species for total trees in a plot.
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