植物生态学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (1): 48-59.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0246
所属专题: 植物功能性状
许洺山1,2, 赵延涛1,2, 杨晓东3, 史青茹4, 周刘丽1,2, 阎恩荣1,2,*
出版日期:
2016-01-01
发布日期:
2016-01-28
通讯作者:
阎恩荣
作者简介:
# 共同第一作者
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(30770365和31070383)。
XU Ming-Shan1,2, ZHAO Yan-Tao1,2, YANG Xiao-Dong3, SHI Qing-Ru4, ZHOU Liu-Li1,2, ZHANG Qing-Qing1,2, Ali ARSHAD1,2,5, YAN En-Rong1,2,*
Online:
2016-01-01
Published:
2016-01-28
Contact:
En-Rong YAN
About author:
# Co-first authors
摘要:
探究叶片性状的空间变异性和环境关联性有助于我们理解植物对环境的适应策略和群落建构机制。该研究以浙江天童5 hm2大型动态样地所有胸径≥1 cm的木本植物为对象, 测定了20 253株个体的单叶面积、比叶面积和叶片干物质含量, 土壤总氮、总磷、总碳、pH值、体积含水率、容重和腐殖质, 以及海拔、坡度和凹凸度等; 并用地统计学等方法分析了叶片性状的空间变异性及其与环境因子的相关性。结果表明: 1)单叶面积的空间变异最大, 比叶面积次之, 叶片干物质含量最小。三者在0-5.16 m空间范围内表现出较弱的空间自相关, 其半变异函数的最优模型分别为高斯模型、指数模型和指数模型。2)叶片性状空间变异具有方向性, 单叶面积空间变异在东北-西南方向上最大, 在西北-东南方向上最小; 比叶面积和叶片干物质含量的空间变异均在西北-东南方向最大, 在东北-西南方向最小。3)单叶面积与地形因子显著负相关(r = -0.12, p < 0.0001); 比叶面积与土壤养分显著负相关(r = -0.16, p < 0.0001), 叶片干物质含量与土壤养分显著正相关(r = 0.13, p < 0.0001)。4)东北-西南方向上, 地形因子对单叶面积、比叶面积和叶片干物质含量空间变异的影响大于土壤养分; 西北-东南方向上, 地形因子对单叶面积空间变异的影响相对较大, 而土壤养分对比叶面积和叶片干物质含量空间变异的影响较大。总之, 在研究样地内, 植物叶片性状随空间距离和方向存在很大的变异性, 叶片性状与地形因子、土壤养分的关联性间接表明了环境过滤对群落构建的影响。
许洺山, 赵延涛, 杨晓东, 史青茹, 周刘丽, 阎恩荣. 浙江天童木本植物叶片性状空间变异的地统计学分析. 植物生态学报, 2016, 40(1): 48-59. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0246
XU Ming-Shan, ZHAO Yan-Tao, YANG Xiao-Dong, SHI Qing-Ru, ZHOU Liu-Li, ZHANG Qing-Qing, Ali ARSHAD, YAN En-Rong. Geostatistical analysis of spatial variations in leaf traits of woody plants in Tiantong, Zhejiang Province. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2016, 40(1): 48-59. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0246
生活型 Life form | 物种 Species | 多度 Abundance | 单叶面积 Individual leaf area (cm2) | 比叶面积 Specific leaf area (cm2·g-1) | 叶片干物质含量 Leaf dry matter content (mg·g-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
常绿乔木 Evergreen trees | 薄叶山矾 Symplocos anomala | 436 | 10.70 ± 0.16 | 133.07 ± 2.06 | 34.30 ± 0.24 |
豹皮樟 Litsea coreana | 49 | 12.83 ± 0.54 | 120.38 ± 3.14 | 46.05 ± 1.06 | |
赤皮青冈 Cyclobalanopsis gilva | 23 | 17.27 ± 1.07 | 113.25 ± 3.99 | 48.03 ± 0.67 | |
刺叶桂樱 Prunus spinulosa | 2 | 10.81 ± 1.18 | 168.21 ± 12.64 | 35.07 ± 2.70 | |
大叶冬青 Ilex latifolia | 48 | 58.18 ± 2.74 | 73.81 ± 3.17 | 39.39 ± 0.80 | |
冬青 Ilex chinensis | 4 | 16.56 ± 1.52 | 137.96 ± 19.09 | 38.21 ± 1.76 | |
杜英 Elaeocarpus decipiens | 1 | 31.07 | 184.93 | 31.88 | |
短梗冬青 Ilex buergeri | 95 | 9.56 ± 0.33 | 128.73 ± 3.91 | 42.11 ± 0.59 | |
光叶石楠 Photinia glabra | 174 | 14.95 ± 0.33 | 85.49 ± 2.54 | 46.95 ± 0.59 | |
光枝刺叶冬青 Ilex hylonoma | 4 | 26.06 ± 3.60 | 113.88 ± 6.89 | 35.00 ± 1.51 | |
红楠 Machilus thunbergii | 401 | 18.86 ± 0.37 | 95.36 ± 1.07 | 42.93 ± 0.29 | |
虎皮楠 Daphniphyllum oldhamii | 139 | 26.16 ± 0.62 | 121.71 ± 3.31 | 35.09 ± 0.58 | |
华东木犀 Osmanthus cooperi | 103 | 21.39 ± 1.20 | 90.46 ± 4.85 | 44.88 ± 1.03 | |
华东楠 Machilus leptophylla | 408 | 78.79 ± 1.41 | 141.74 ± 1.58 | 33.94 ± 0.33 | |
黄丹木姜子 Litsea elongata | 3 161 | 22.86 ± 0.13 | 123.33 ± 0.52 | 45.27 ± 0.10 | |
黄牛奶树 Symplocos cochinchinensis | 149 | 22.08 ± 0.63 | 141.81 ± 6.36 | 32.94 ± 0.38 | |
栲树 Castanopsis fargesii | 200 | 17.56 ± 0.44 | 114.02 ± 2.68 | 42.89 ± 0.43 | |
苦槠 Castanopsis sclerophylla | 14 | 33.76 ± 3.00 | 109.86 ± 9.13 | 44.61 ± 1.28 | |
米槠 Castanopsis carlesii | 69 | 9.97 ± 0.39 | 143.54 ± 6.41 | 43.73 ± 0.84 | |
木荷 Schima superba | 277 | 29.74 ± 0.64 | 99.25 ± 1.78 | 41.79 ± 0.43 | |
木犀 Osmanthus fragrans | 11 | 33.27 ± 1.84 | 84.25 ± 2.16 | 46.94 ± 0.93 | |
披针叶茴香 Illicium lanceolatum | 258 | 16.31 ± 0.42 | 114.59 ± 3.48 | 32.18 ± 0.45 | |
朴树 Celtis sinensis | 1 | 9.26 | 308.8 | 27.52 | |
青冈 Cyclobalanopsis glauca | 19 | 27.14 ± 2.11 | 121.83 ± 12.62 | 42.68 ± 1.92 | |
三尖杉 Cephalotaxus fortunei | 2 | 65.32 ± 40.05 | 82.90 ± 2.29 | 28.18 ± 0.36 | |
石栎 Lithocarpus glaber | 13 | 29.05 ± 3.87 | 95.09 ± 3.70 | 49.60 ± 2.17 | |
四川山矾 Symplocos setchuensis | 173 | 18.96 ± 0.44 | 86.32 ± 2.07 | 39.95 ± 0.57 | |
铁冬青 Ilex rotunda | 44 | 14.38 ± 0.71 | 161.62 ± 8.80 | 30.02 ± 0.91 | |
细叶青冈 Cyclobalanopsis gracilis | 23 | 18.34 ± 1.19 | 119.78 ± 2.666 | 44.28 ± 0.84 | |
细叶香桂 Cinnamomum subavenium | 219 | 16.41 ± 0.44 | 98.95 ± 1.66 | 47.36 ± 0.42 | |
小叶青冈 Cyclobalanopsis myrsinifolia | 140 | 16.58 ± 0.43 | 116.90 ± 2.48 | 45.77 ± 0.54 | |
杨梅 Myrica rubra | 24 | 19.67 ± 1.28 | 141.67 ± 7.86 | 41.97 ± 1.90 | |
杨梅叶蚊母树 Distylium myricoides | 1 394 | 13.79 ± 0.29 | 90.37 ± 0.86 | 43.34 ± 0.17 | |
杨桐 Adinandra millettii | 489 | 20.08 ± 0.32 | 90.39 ± 1.36 | 38.98 ± 0.29 | |
云山青冈 Cyclobalanopsis sessilifolia | 241 | 19.74 ± 0.50 | 102.39 ± 2.38 | 43.23 ± 0.41 | |
长叶石栎 Lithocarpus henryi | 352 | 56.12 ± 1.22 | 91.20 ± 1.11 | 44.19 ± 0.37 | |
浙江新木姜子 Neolitsea aurata | 698 | 14.01 ± 0.21 | 122.51 ± 1.35 | 48.84 ± 0.23 | |
中华杜英 Elaeocarpus chinensis | 3 | 16.16 ± 0.92 | 157.27 ± 19.36 | 33.63 ± 4.49 | |
皱柄冬青 Ilex kengii | 31 | 10.35 ± 0.41 | 121.31 ± 4.13 | 40.39 ± 0.86 | |
紫楠 Phoebe sheareri | 12 | 65.04 ± 10.68 | 138.24 ± 12.14 | 40.86 ± 0.97 | |
总状山矾 Symplocos botryantha | 34 | 14.12 ± 0.67 | 127.06 ± 6.50 | 34.66 ± 0.83 | |
常绿灌木 Evergreen shrubs | 白花苦灯笼 Tarenna mollissima | 3 | 19.02 ± 2.54 | 276.47 ± 13.12 | 26.68 ± 4.44 |
百齿卫矛 Euonymus centidens | 3 | 6.13 ± 0.60 | 192.55 ± 17.67 | 32.96 ± 0.26 | |
赤楠 Syzygium buxifolium | 120 | 5.89 ± 0.29 | 122.34 ± 5.48 | 39.31 ± 1.04 | |
格药柃 Eurya muricata | 127 | 15.92 ± 0.39 | 92.56 ± 2.5 | 38.23 ± 0.61 | |
赤楠 Syzygium buxifolium | 120 | 5.89 ± 0.29 | 122.34 ± 5.48 | 39.31 ± 1.04 | |
格药柃 Eurya muricata | 127 | 15.92 ± 0.39 | 92.56 ±2.5 | 38.23 ± 0.61 | |
光叶山矾 Symplocos lancifolia | 171 | 9.99 ± 0.29 | 193.55 ± 3.47 | 32.78 ± 0.38 | |
红皮树 Stytax suberifolius | 2 | 23.47 ± 3.08 | 164.01 ± 7.79 | 31.80 ± 7.92 | |
常绿灌木 Evergreen shrubs | 红山茶 Camellia japonica | 1 | 18.16 | 85.46 | 32.77 |
厚皮香 Ternstroemia gymnanthera | 24 | 14.01 ± 2.12 | 102.90 ± 8.49 | 35.33 ± 1.26 | |
檵木 Loropetalum chinensis | 37 | 5.83 ± 0.47 | 187.39 ± 11.97 | 37.05 ± 1.17 | |
老鼠矢 Symplocos stellaris | 27 | 31.57 ± 2.22 | 81.81 ± 2.86 | 34.79 ± 0.63 | |
连蕊茶 Camellia cuspidata | 1 782 | 7.18 ± 0.18 | 130.68 ± 1.89 | 37.65 ± 1.22 | |
马银花 Rhododendron ovatum | 337 | 8.95 ± 0.30 | 135.34 ± 2.71 | 39.95 ± 0.39 | |
米饭 Vaccinium mandarinorum | 45 | 12.28 ± 0.55 | 138.91 ± 6.65 | 4.41 ± 0.66 | |
南天竹 Nandina domestica | 1 | 109.06 | 152.32 | 41.87 | |
山矾 Symplocos sumuntia | 316 | 10.71 ± 0.19 | 113.47 ± 1.68 | 34.95 ± 0.28 | |
石斑木 Rhaphiolepis indica | 20 | 8.04 ± 0.81 | 121.99 ± 13.52 | 43.23 ± 2.36 | |
细枝柃 Eurya loquaiana | 5 688 | 8.74 ± 0.41 | 153.57 ± 0.52 | 38.12 ± 0.07 | |
腺点樱 Prunus phaeosticta | 203 | 13.02 ± 0.37 | 147.94 ± 2.26 | 39.05 ± 0.35 | |
窄基红褐柃 Eurya rubiginosa | 194 | 13.07 ± 0.33 | 108.61 ± 2.34 | 37.45 ± 0.39 | |
落叶乔木 Deciduous trees | 灯台树 Cornus controversa | 4 | 42.25 ± 5.89 | 247.28 ± 26.56 | 26.45 ± 2.89 |
红枝柴 Meliosma oldhamii | 1 | 89.44 | 160.75 | 29.73 | |
华东野核桃 Juglans cathayensis | 7 | 461.32 ± 114.81 | 155.39 ± 12.90 | 32.86 ± 1.99 | |
华东油柿 Diospyros oleifera | 7 | 69.34 ± 8.16 | 236.62 ± 27.88 | 31.22 ± 2.20 | |
青皮木 Schoepfia jasminodora | 9 | 21.44 ± 3.85 | 170.58 ± 13.46 | 32.27 ± 1.51 | |
山合欢 Albizia kalkora | 2 | 60.92 ± 22.08 | 112.61 ± 14.73 | 36.86 ± 0.98 | |
迎春樱 Prunus discoidea | 7 | 22.01 ± 3.74 | 191.59 ± 38.88 | 44.36 ± 5.95 | |
浙江柿 Diospyros glaucifolia | 12 | 70.55 ± 8.81 | 195.19 ± 19.52 | 32.07 ± 1.92 | |
糙叶树 Aphananthe aspera | 11 | 27.17 ± 5.54 | 213.89 ± 27.17 | 37.17 ± 1.50 | |
檫木 Sassafras tzumu | 82 | 71.02 ± 3.27 | 177.23 ± 5.76 | 33.86 ± 0.69 | |
臭辣树 Euodia fargesii | 1 | 81.39 | 152.99 | 38.97 | |
枫香 Liquidambar formosana | 33 | 43.02 ± 2.78 | 226.51 ± 13.65 | 33.13 ± 1.02 | |
杭州榆 Ulmus changii | 4 | 12.72 ± 2.03 | 197.71 ± 26.37 | 32.62 ± 0.63 | |
厚壳树 Ehretia acuminata | 3 | 54.95 ± 5.99 | 228.32 ± 21.04 | 27.61 ± 2.67 | |
化香 Platycarya strobilacea | 5 | 129.33 ± 12.11 | 206.12 ± 20.67 | 34.89 ± 0.77 | |
黄檀 Dalbergia hupeana | 11 | 61.82 ± 6.75 | 229.09 ± 27.29 | 32.14 ± 1.62 | |
苦枥木 Fraxinus insularis | 41 | 63.75 ± 5.21 | 186.60 ± 8.99 | 34.16 ± 0.98 | |
雷公鹅耳枥 Carpinus viminea | 96 | 20.43 ± 1.97 | 253.86 ± 9.06 | 37.70 ± 0.76 | |
毛八角枫 Alangium kurzii | 4 | 53.65 ± 6.56 | 288.76 ± 27.21 | 26.22 ± 1.70 | |
毛脉槭 Acer pubinerve | 48 | 41.42 ± 2.81 | 206.96 ± 8.82 | 37.91 ± 1.31 | |
南酸枣 Choerospondias axillaris | 263 | 128.98 ± 3.61 | 160.29 ± 4.74 | 34.88 ± 0.31 | |
拟赤杨 Alniphyllum fortunei | 117 | 52.20 ± 2.03 | 263.67 ± 9.78 | 28.01 ± 0.69 | |
青钱柳 Cyclocarya paliurus | 10 | 87.84 ± 11.97 | 219.88 ± 18.23 | 33.35 ± 1.39 | |
锐角槭 Acer acutum | 7 | 127.05 ± 27.05 | 229.32 ± 37.71 | 33.54 ± 2.08 | |
山黄皮 Randia cochinchinensis | 2 | 16.67 ± 1.46 | 137.36 ± 21.11 | 44.72 ± 0.93 | |
山鸡椒 Litsea cubeba | 15 | 20.01 ± 1.30 | 298.63 ± 22.63 | 28.01 ± 1.37 | |
山桐子 Idesia polycarpa | 7 | 71.93 ± 11.57 | 282.54 ± 35.72 | 37.51 ± 3.89 | |
无患子 Sapindus saponaria | 18 | 298.93 ± 29.12 | 233.64 ± 12.56 | 32.85 ± 1.12 | |
西川朴 Celtis vandervoetiana | 16 | 45.58 ± 4.33 | 221.86 ± 20.72 | 37.55 ± 1.76 | |
小果冬青 Ilex micrococca | 2 | 20.53 ± 9.25 | 133.61 ± 28.22 | 37.09 ± 3.07 | |
野漆树 Toxicodendron succedaneum | 21 | 147.20 ± 11.24 | 152.28 ± 6.47 | 36.37 ± 1.47 | |
油桐 Vernicia fordii | 75 | 238.53 ± 17.24 | 182.18 ± 7.19 | 32.94 ± 0.94 | |
紫弹树 Celtis biondii | 6 | 12.86 ± 1.21 | 201.41 ± 35.63 | 33.26 ± 1.60 | |
落叶灌木 Deciduous shrubs | 豆腐柴 Premna microphylla | 4 | 12.61 ± 2.20 | 304.82 ± 26.20 | 24.80 ± 1.87 |
山胡椒 Lindera glauca | 4 | 10.98 ± 0.64 | 240.99 ± 46.23 | 39.09 ± 2.40 | |
乌饭 Vaccinium bracteatum | 13 | 10.58 ± 0.93 | 150.69 ± 4.60 | 30.53 ± 0.89 | |
白背叶 Machilus apeltus | 24 | 113.97 ± 12.50 | 247.95 ± 15.19 | 30.83 ± 1.15 | |
落叶灌木 Deciduous shrubs | 刺毛越橘 Vaccinium trichocladum | 14 | 8.97 ± 0.51 | 129.16 ± 8.89 | 32.73 ± 1.37 |
大青 Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum | 60 | 66.10 ± 4.59 | 240.95 ± 13.38 | 28.39 ± 1.01 | |
大叶白纸扇 Mussaenda shikokiana | 5 | 105.86 ± 11.95 | 361.34 ± 82.37 | 24.38 ± 3.80 | |
杜鹃花 Rhododendron simsii | 4 | 14.07 ± 3.51 | 383.14 ± 90.13 | 26.87 ± 3.22 | |
红脉钓樟 Lindera rubronervia | 35 | 15.76 ± 0.87 | 307.86 ± 14.30 | 30.66 ± 0.85 | |
赛山梅 Styrax confusus | 90 | 17.86 ± 0.72 | 235.73 ± 7.89 | 29.22 ± 0.48 | |
山油麻 Trema cannabina | 3 | 11.45 ± 3.38 | 459.79 ± 68.34 | 27.68 ± 1.30 | |
天仙果 Ficus erecta | 2 | 64.54 ± 29.14 | 407.11 ± 11.82 | 23.31 ± 2.03 | |
小叶石楠 Photinia parvifolia | 2 | 11.45 ± 1.26 | 312.44 ± 70.23 | 37.82 ± 5.21 | |
宜昌荚蒾 Viburnum erosum | 5 | 15.25 ± 1.68 | 350.13 ± 30.99 | 23.78 ± 1.60 | |
枳椇 Hovenia acerba | 2 | 103.89 ± 44.38 | 170.60 ± 63.22 | 13.03 ± 9.21 |
表1 5 hm2样地木本植物名录和叶片性状
Table 1 Species list and leaf traits of woody plants in the 5 hm2 plot
生活型 Life form | 物种 Species | 多度 Abundance | 单叶面积 Individual leaf area (cm2) | 比叶面积 Specific leaf area (cm2·g-1) | 叶片干物质含量 Leaf dry matter content (mg·g-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
常绿乔木 Evergreen trees | 薄叶山矾 Symplocos anomala | 436 | 10.70 ± 0.16 | 133.07 ± 2.06 | 34.30 ± 0.24 |
豹皮樟 Litsea coreana | 49 | 12.83 ± 0.54 | 120.38 ± 3.14 | 46.05 ± 1.06 | |
赤皮青冈 Cyclobalanopsis gilva | 23 | 17.27 ± 1.07 | 113.25 ± 3.99 | 48.03 ± 0.67 | |
刺叶桂樱 Prunus spinulosa | 2 | 10.81 ± 1.18 | 168.21 ± 12.64 | 35.07 ± 2.70 | |
大叶冬青 Ilex latifolia | 48 | 58.18 ± 2.74 | 73.81 ± 3.17 | 39.39 ± 0.80 | |
冬青 Ilex chinensis | 4 | 16.56 ± 1.52 | 137.96 ± 19.09 | 38.21 ± 1.76 | |
杜英 Elaeocarpus decipiens | 1 | 31.07 | 184.93 | 31.88 | |
短梗冬青 Ilex buergeri | 95 | 9.56 ± 0.33 | 128.73 ± 3.91 | 42.11 ± 0.59 | |
光叶石楠 Photinia glabra | 174 | 14.95 ± 0.33 | 85.49 ± 2.54 | 46.95 ± 0.59 | |
光枝刺叶冬青 Ilex hylonoma | 4 | 26.06 ± 3.60 | 113.88 ± 6.89 | 35.00 ± 1.51 | |
红楠 Machilus thunbergii | 401 | 18.86 ± 0.37 | 95.36 ± 1.07 | 42.93 ± 0.29 | |
虎皮楠 Daphniphyllum oldhamii | 139 | 26.16 ± 0.62 | 121.71 ± 3.31 | 35.09 ± 0.58 | |
华东木犀 Osmanthus cooperi | 103 | 21.39 ± 1.20 | 90.46 ± 4.85 | 44.88 ± 1.03 | |
华东楠 Machilus leptophylla | 408 | 78.79 ± 1.41 | 141.74 ± 1.58 | 33.94 ± 0.33 | |
黄丹木姜子 Litsea elongata | 3 161 | 22.86 ± 0.13 | 123.33 ± 0.52 | 45.27 ± 0.10 | |
黄牛奶树 Symplocos cochinchinensis | 149 | 22.08 ± 0.63 | 141.81 ± 6.36 | 32.94 ± 0.38 | |
栲树 Castanopsis fargesii | 200 | 17.56 ± 0.44 | 114.02 ± 2.68 | 42.89 ± 0.43 | |
苦槠 Castanopsis sclerophylla | 14 | 33.76 ± 3.00 | 109.86 ± 9.13 | 44.61 ± 1.28 | |
米槠 Castanopsis carlesii | 69 | 9.97 ± 0.39 | 143.54 ± 6.41 | 43.73 ± 0.84 | |
木荷 Schima superba | 277 | 29.74 ± 0.64 | 99.25 ± 1.78 | 41.79 ± 0.43 | |
木犀 Osmanthus fragrans | 11 | 33.27 ± 1.84 | 84.25 ± 2.16 | 46.94 ± 0.93 | |
披针叶茴香 Illicium lanceolatum | 258 | 16.31 ± 0.42 | 114.59 ± 3.48 | 32.18 ± 0.45 | |
朴树 Celtis sinensis | 1 | 9.26 | 308.8 | 27.52 | |
青冈 Cyclobalanopsis glauca | 19 | 27.14 ± 2.11 | 121.83 ± 12.62 | 42.68 ± 1.92 | |
三尖杉 Cephalotaxus fortunei | 2 | 65.32 ± 40.05 | 82.90 ± 2.29 | 28.18 ± 0.36 | |
石栎 Lithocarpus glaber | 13 | 29.05 ± 3.87 | 95.09 ± 3.70 | 49.60 ± 2.17 | |
四川山矾 Symplocos setchuensis | 173 | 18.96 ± 0.44 | 86.32 ± 2.07 | 39.95 ± 0.57 | |
铁冬青 Ilex rotunda | 44 | 14.38 ± 0.71 | 161.62 ± 8.80 | 30.02 ± 0.91 | |
细叶青冈 Cyclobalanopsis gracilis | 23 | 18.34 ± 1.19 | 119.78 ± 2.666 | 44.28 ± 0.84 | |
细叶香桂 Cinnamomum subavenium | 219 | 16.41 ± 0.44 | 98.95 ± 1.66 | 47.36 ± 0.42 | |
小叶青冈 Cyclobalanopsis myrsinifolia | 140 | 16.58 ± 0.43 | 116.90 ± 2.48 | 45.77 ± 0.54 | |
杨梅 Myrica rubra | 24 | 19.67 ± 1.28 | 141.67 ± 7.86 | 41.97 ± 1.90 | |
杨梅叶蚊母树 Distylium myricoides | 1 394 | 13.79 ± 0.29 | 90.37 ± 0.86 | 43.34 ± 0.17 | |
杨桐 Adinandra millettii | 489 | 20.08 ± 0.32 | 90.39 ± 1.36 | 38.98 ± 0.29 | |
云山青冈 Cyclobalanopsis sessilifolia | 241 | 19.74 ± 0.50 | 102.39 ± 2.38 | 43.23 ± 0.41 | |
长叶石栎 Lithocarpus henryi | 352 | 56.12 ± 1.22 | 91.20 ± 1.11 | 44.19 ± 0.37 | |
浙江新木姜子 Neolitsea aurata | 698 | 14.01 ± 0.21 | 122.51 ± 1.35 | 48.84 ± 0.23 | |
中华杜英 Elaeocarpus chinensis | 3 | 16.16 ± 0.92 | 157.27 ± 19.36 | 33.63 ± 4.49 | |
皱柄冬青 Ilex kengii | 31 | 10.35 ± 0.41 | 121.31 ± 4.13 | 40.39 ± 0.86 | |
紫楠 Phoebe sheareri | 12 | 65.04 ± 10.68 | 138.24 ± 12.14 | 40.86 ± 0.97 | |
总状山矾 Symplocos botryantha | 34 | 14.12 ± 0.67 | 127.06 ± 6.50 | 34.66 ± 0.83 | |
常绿灌木 Evergreen shrubs | 白花苦灯笼 Tarenna mollissima | 3 | 19.02 ± 2.54 | 276.47 ± 13.12 | 26.68 ± 4.44 |
百齿卫矛 Euonymus centidens | 3 | 6.13 ± 0.60 | 192.55 ± 17.67 | 32.96 ± 0.26 | |
赤楠 Syzygium buxifolium | 120 | 5.89 ± 0.29 | 122.34 ± 5.48 | 39.31 ± 1.04 | |
格药柃 Eurya muricata | 127 | 15.92 ± 0.39 | 92.56 ± 2.5 | 38.23 ± 0.61 | |
赤楠 Syzygium buxifolium | 120 | 5.89 ± 0.29 | 122.34 ± 5.48 | 39.31 ± 1.04 | |
格药柃 Eurya muricata | 127 | 15.92 ± 0.39 | 92.56 ±2.5 | 38.23 ± 0.61 | |
光叶山矾 Symplocos lancifolia | 171 | 9.99 ± 0.29 | 193.55 ± 3.47 | 32.78 ± 0.38 | |
红皮树 Stytax suberifolius | 2 | 23.47 ± 3.08 | 164.01 ± 7.79 | 31.80 ± 7.92 | |
常绿灌木 Evergreen shrubs | 红山茶 Camellia japonica | 1 | 18.16 | 85.46 | 32.77 |
厚皮香 Ternstroemia gymnanthera | 24 | 14.01 ± 2.12 | 102.90 ± 8.49 | 35.33 ± 1.26 | |
檵木 Loropetalum chinensis | 37 | 5.83 ± 0.47 | 187.39 ± 11.97 | 37.05 ± 1.17 | |
老鼠矢 Symplocos stellaris | 27 | 31.57 ± 2.22 | 81.81 ± 2.86 | 34.79 ± 0.63 | |
连蕊茶 Camellia cuspidata | 1 782 | 7.18 ± 0.18 | 130.68 ± 1.89 | 37.65 ± 1.22 | |
马银花 Rhododendron ovatum | 337 | 8.95 ± 0.30 | 135.34 ± 2.71 | 39.95 ± 0.39 | |
米饭 Vaccinium mandarinorum | 45 | 12.28 ± 0.55 | 138.91 ± 6.65 | 4.41 ± 0.66 | |
南天竹 Nandina domestica | 1 | 109.06 | 152.32 | 41.87 | |
山矾 Symplocos sumuntia | 316 | 10.71 ± 0.19 | 113.47 ± 1.68 | 34.95 ± 0.28 | |
石斑木 Rhaphiolepis indica | 20 | 8.04 ± 0.81 | 121.99 ± 13.52 | 43.23 ± 2.36 | |
细枝柃 Eurya loquaiana | 5 688 | 8.74 ± 0.41 | 153.57 ± 0.52 | 38.12 ± 0.07 | |
腺点樱 Prunus phaeosticta | 203 | 13.02 ± 0.37 | 147.94 ± 2.26 | 39.05 ± 0.35 | |
窄基红褐柃 Eurya rubiginosa | 194 | 13.07 ± 0.33 | 108.61 ± 2.34 | 37.45 ± 0.39 | |
落叶乔木 Deciduous trees | 灯台树 Cornus controversa | 4 | 42.25 ± 5.89 | 247.28 ± 26.56 | 26.45 ± 2.89 |
红枝柴 Meliosma oldhamii | 1 | 89.44 | 160.75 | 29.73 | |
华东野核桃 Juglans cathayensis | 7 | 461.32 ± 114.81 | 155.39 ± 12.90 | 32.86 ± 1.99 | |
华东油柿 Diospyros oleifera | 7 | 69.34 ± 8.16 | 236.62 ± 27.88 | 31.22 ± 2.20 | |
青皮木 Schoepfia jasminodora | 9 | 21.44 ± 3.85 | 170.58 ± 13.46 | 32.27 ± 1.51 | |
山合欢 Albizia kalkora | 2 | 60.92 ± 22.08 | 112.61 ± 14.73 | 36.86 ± 0.98 | |
迎春樱 Prunus discoidea | 7 | 22.01 ± 3.74 | 191.59 ± 38.88 | 44.36 ± 5.95 | |
浙江柿 Diospyros glaucifolia | 12 | 70.55 ± 8.81 | 195.19 ± 19.52 | 32.07 ± 1.92 | |
糙叶树 Aphananthe aspera | 11 | 27.17 ± 5.54 | 213.89 ± 27.17 | 37.17 ± 1.50 | |
檫木 Sassafras tzumu | 82 | 71.02 ± 3.27 | 177.23 ± 5.76 | 33.86 ± 0.69 | |
臭辣树 Euodia fargesii | 1 | 81.39 | 152.99 | 38.97 | |
枫香 Liquidambar formosana | 33 | 43.02 ± 2.78 | 226.51 ± 13.65 | 33.13 ± 1.02 | |
杭州榆 Ulmus changii | 4 | 12.72 ± 2.03 | 197.71 ± 26.37 | 32.62 ± 0.63 | |
厚壳树 Ehretia acuminata | 3 | 54.95 ± 5.99 | 228.32 ± 21.04 | 27.61 ± 2.67 | |
化香 Platycarya strobilacea | 5 | 129.33 ± 12.11 | 206.12 ± 20.67 | 34.89 ± 0.77 | |
黄檀 Dalbergia hupeana | 11 | 61.82 ± 6.75 | 229.09 ± 27.29 | 32.14 ± 1.62 | |
苦枥木 Fraxinus insularis | 41 | 63.75 ± 5.21 | 186.60 ± 8.99 | 34.16 ± 0.98 | |
雷公鹅耳枥 Carpinus viminea | 96 | 20.43 ± 1.97 | 253.86 ± 9.06 | 37.70 ± 0.76 | |
毛八角枫 Alangium kurzii | 4 | 53.65 ± 6.56 | 288.76 ± 27.21 | 26.22 ± 1.70 | |
毛脉槭 Acer pubinerve | 48 | 41.42 ± 2.81 | 206.96 ± 8.82 | 37.91 ± 1.31 | |
南酸枣 Choerospondias axillaris | 263 | 128.98 ± 3.61 | 160.29 ± 4.74 | 34.88 ± 0.31 | |
拟赤杨 Alniphyllum fortunei | 117 | 52.20 ± 2.03 | 263.67 ± 9.78 | 28.01 ± 0.69 | |
青钱柳 Cyclocarya paliurus | 10 | 87.84 ± 11.97 | 219.88 ± 18.23 | 33.35 ± 1.39 | |
锐角槭 Acer acutum | 7 | 127.05 ± 27.05 | 229.32 ± 37.71 | 33.54 ± 2.08 | |
山黄皮 Randia cochinchinensis | 2 | 16.67 ± 1.46 | 137.36 ± 21.11 | 44.72 ± 0.93 | |
山鸡椒 Litsea cubeba | 15 | 20.01 ± 1.30 | 298.63 ± 22.63 | 28.01 ± 1.37 | |
山桐子 Idesia polycarpa | 7 | 71.93 ± 11.57 | 282.54 ± 35.72 | 37.51 ± 3.89 | |
无患子 Sapindus saponaria | 18 | 298.93 ± 29.12 | 233.64 ± 12.56 | 32.85 ± 1.12 | |
西川朴 Celtis vandervoetiana | 16 | 45.58 ± 4.33 | 221.86 ± 20.72 | 37.55 ± 1.76 | |
小果冬青 Ilex micrococca | 2 | 20.53 ± 9.25 | 133.61 ± 28.22 | 37.09 ± 3.07 | |
野漆树 Toxicodendron succedaneum | 21 | 147.20 ± 11.24 | 152.28 ± 6.47 | 36.37 ± 1.47 | |
油桐 Vernicia fordii | 75 | 238.53 ± 17.24 | 182.18 ± 7.19 | 32.94 ± 0.94 | |
紫弹树 Celtis biondii | 6 | 12.86 ± 1.21 | 201.41 ± 35.63 | 33.26 ± 1.60 | |
落叶灌木 Deciduous shrubs | 豆腐柴 Premna microphylla | 4 | 12.61 ± 2.20 | 304.82 ± 26.20 | 24.80 ± 1.87 |
山胡椒 Lindera glauca | 4 | 10.98 ± 0.64 | 240.99 ± 46.23 | 39.09 ± 2.40 | |
乌饭 Vaccinium bracteatum | 13 | 10.58 ± 0.93 | 150.69 ± 4.60 | 30.53 ± 0.89 | |
白背叶 Machilus apeltus | 24 | 113.97 ± 12.50 | 247.95 ± 15.19 | 30.83 ± 1.15 | |
落叶灌木 Deciduous shrubs | 刺毛越橘 Vaccinium trichocladum | 14 | 8.97 ± 0.51 | 129.16 ± 8.89 | 32.73 ± 1.37 |
大青 Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum | 60 | 66.10 ± 4.59 | 240.95 ± 13.38 | 28.39 ± 1.01 | |
大叶白纸扇 Mussaenda shikokiana | 5 | 105.86 ± 11.95 | 361.34 ± 82.37 | 24.38 ± 3.80 | |
杜鹃花 Rhododendron simsii | 4 | 14.07 ± 3.51 | 383.14 ± 90.13 | 26.87 ± 3.22 | |
红脉钓樟 Lindera rubronervia | 35 | 15.76 ± 0.87 | 307.86 ± 14.30 | 30.66 ± 0.85 | |
赛山梅 Styrax confusus | 90 | 17.86 ± 0.72 | 235.73 ± 7.89 | 29.22 ± 0.48 | |
山油麻 Trema cannabina | 3 | 11.45 ± 3.38 | 459.79 ± 68.34 | 27.68 ± 1.30 | |
天仙果 Ficus erecta | 2 | 64.54 ± 29.14 | 407.11 ± 11.82 | 23.31 ± 2.03 | |
小叶石楠 Photinia parvifolia | 2 | 11.45 ± 1.26 | 312.44 ± 70.23 | 37.82 ± 5.21 | |
宜昌荚蒾 Viburnum erosum | 5 | 15.25 ± 1.68 | 350.13 ± 30.99 | 23.78 ± 1.60 | |
枳椇 Hovenia acerba | 2 | 103.89 ± 44.38 | 170.60 ± 63.22 | 13.03 ± 9.21 |
叶片性状 Leaf trait | 模型 Model | 块金值 Nugget | 基台值 Still | 结构比 Structure ratio | 变程 Range (m) | 决定系数 Determination coefficient | 标准均方根预测误差 Root mean square standardized |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
单叶面积 Individual leaf area | 球型 Spherical model | 0.000 1 | 0.090 | 0.999 | 6.07 | 0.95 | 1.43 |
指数 Exponential model | 0.000 1 | 0.090 | 0.999 | 4.35 | 0.95 | 2.09 | |
高斯 Gaussian model | 0.003 2 | 0.090 | 0.964 | 4.80 | 0.95 | 1.41 | |
比叶面积 Specific leaf area | 球型 Spherical model | 0.000 01 | 0.012 | 0.999 | 6.38 | 0.87 | 0.86 |
指数 Exponential model | 0.000 6 | 0.020 | 0.969 | 5.16 | 0.88 | 0.90 | |
高斯 Gaussian model | 0.001 6 | 0.020 | 0.918 | 5.23 | 0.87 | 0.76 | |
叶片干物质含量 Leaf dry matter content | 球型 Spherical model | 0.000 01 | 0.007 | 0.999 | 6.27 | 0.96 | 1.29 |
指数 Exponential model | 0.000 3 | 0.007 | 0.955 | 4.92 | 0.96 | 1.29 | |
高斯 Gaussian model | 0.000 7 | 0.007 | 0.899 | 5.11 | 0.96 | 1.32 |
表2 植物叶片性状的半变异函数模型
Table 2 Semi-variogram model of plant leaf traits
叶片性状 Leaf trait | 模型 Model | 块金值 Nugget | 基台值 Still | 结构比 Structure ratio | 变程 Range (m) | 决定系数 Determination coefficient | 标准均方根预测误差 Root mean square standardized |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
单叶面积 Individual leaf area | 球型 Spherical model | 0.000 1 | 0.090 | 0.999 | 6.07 | 0.95 | 1.43 |
指数 Exponential model | 0.000 1 | 0.090 | 0.999 | 4.35 | 0.95 | 2.09 | |
高斯 Gaussian model | 0.003 2 | 0.090 | 0.964 | 4.80 | 0.95 | 1.41 | |
比叶面积 Specific leaf area | 球型 Spherical model | 0.000 01 | 0.012 | 0.999 | 6.38 | 0.87 | 0.86 |
指数 Exponential model | 0.000 6 | 0.020 | 0.969 | 5.16 | 0.88 | 0.90 | |
高斯 Gaussian model | 0.001 6 | 0.020 | 0.918 | 5.23 | 0.87 | 0.76 | |
叶片干物质含量 Leaf dry matter content | 球型 Spherical model | 0.000 01 | 0.007 | 0.999 | 6.27 | 0.96 | 1.29 |
指数 Exponential model | 0.000 3 | 0.007 | 0.955 | 4.92 | 0.96 | 1.29 | |
高斯 Gaussian model | 0.000 7 | 0.007 | 0.899 | 5.11 | 0.96 | 1.32 |
叶片性状 Leaf traits | 东-西 East-West | 东北-西南 Northeast-Southwest | 南-北 South-North | 西北-东南 Northwest-Southeast | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
D | R2 | D | R2 | D | R2 | D | R2 | ||||
单叶面积 Individual leaf area | 1.96 | 0.95 | 1.93 | 0.97 | 1.98 | 0.97 | 1.99 | 0.51 | |||
比叶面积 Specific leaf area | 1.99 | 0.66 | 1.99 | 0.54 | 1.99 | 0.75 | 1.98 | 0.67 | |||
叶片干物质含量 Leaf dry matter content | 1.99 | 0.70 | 1.99 | 0.26 | 1.99 | 0.49 | 1.98 | 0.70 |
表3 植物叶片性状的各向异性参数
Table 3 Anisotropy parameters of plant leaf traits
叶片性状 Leaf traits | 东-西 East-West | 东北-西南 Northeast-Southwest | 南-北 South-North | 西北-东南 Northwest-Southeast | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
D | R2 | D | R2 | D | R2 | D | R2 | ||||
单叶面积 Individual leaf area | 1.96 | 0.95 | 1.93 | 0.97 | 1.98 | 0.97 | 1.99 | 0.51 | |||
比叶面积 Specific leaf area | 1.99 | 0.66 | 1.99 | 0.54 | 1.99 | 0.75 | 1.98 | 0.67 | |||
叶片干物质含量 Leaf dry matter content | 1.99 | 0.70 | 1.99 | 0.26 | 1.99 | 0.49 | 1.98 | 0.70 |
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