甘南高寒草甸群落的物种-多度关系沿坡向的变化

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2018.0317

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

物种-多度格局研究是揭示群落组织结构和物种区域分布规律的重要手段。该研究以青藏高原东北部的甘南高寒草甸为研究对象, 基于野外调查和室内分析, 研究了不同坡向的环境因子、植物群落分布, 并利用RAD软件程序包对其进行了拟合分析。结果显示: 在南坡-北坡上, 土壤含水量从南坡(0.18 g·g ^-1)到北坡(0.31 g·g ^-1)呈现递增的趋势, 土壤温度从南坡(22.33 ℃)到北坡(18.13 ℃)以及光照强度从南坡(744.15 lx)到北坡(681.93 lx)均呈逐渐减小的趋势。物种-多度分布曲线的斜率从南坡向北坡依次减小。随着坡向由南向北转变, 物种-多度和物种多样性都呈递增的趋势。通过6个模型对坡向梯度的物种-多度分布进行拟合发现, 甘南高寒草甸区的物种-多度分布主要是以生态位模型为主, 其次是随机分布模型。青藏高原高寒草甸微生境梯度上的物种在总体上的资源分配模式是以固定分配模式为主, 稀有种的资源分配模式是以随机性模型为主, 常见种的资源分配模式则是以确定性模型为主。

关键词: 甘南高寒草甸, 坡向, 物种-多度, 常见种, 稀有种

Abstract: Aims The study of species diversity patterns is useful in understanding community structure and resource allocation patterns in the succession process in alpine meadows. The present study aims to explore: 1) the changes in community species-abundance relationships in alpine meadows of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau with mountain slopes; and 2) the difference between the abundances of common and rare species, and their roles in the ecological mechanisms. Methods Field investigation was carried out in alpine meadows of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau followed by lab analyses in Lanzhou. RAD was used to analyze the difference in environmental factors and plant communities among different slope aspects. Important findings Soil water content increased gradually from the south to north slopes (from 0.18 g·g ^-1 on the south slope to 0.31 g·g ^-1 on the north slope), while soil temperature and light intensity showed the opposite trends (from 22.33 ℃ and 744.15 lx on the south slope to 18.13 ℃ and 681.93 lx on the north slope, respectively). The species abundance and species diversity increased, while the slope of species abundance curves decreased from the south to north slopes. Among the six species abundance fitting models, the ecological niche model best explained the species abundance curves followed by the random distribution model. Further analysis showed that the overall resource allocation pattern of species was mainly fixed distribution. In addition, the resource allocation pattern of the rare species was mainly random, while that of the common species was mainly deterministic.

Key words: Gannan alpine meadow, slope gradient, species-abundance, common species, rare species

李全弟, 刘旻霞, 夏素娟, 南笑宁, 蒋晓轩. 甘南高寒草甸群落的物种-多度关系沿坡向的变化. 植物生态学报, 2019, 43(5): 418-426. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2018.0317

LI Quan-Di, LIU Min-Xia, XIA Su-Juan, NAN Xiao-Ning, JIANG Xiao-Xuan. Changes in species-abundance relationships of plant communities with slopes in alpine meadows of Gannan, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2019, 43(5): 418-426. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2018.0317

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2018.0317

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2019/V43/I5/418

图/表 7

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坡向 Slope aspect	经度 Longitude (°E)	纬度 Latitude (°N)	坡向定位 Aspect orientation	坡度 Slope aspect (°)	海拔 Altitude (m)
南坡 South	34.93	102.9	0°	30.7 ± 1.5^a	3 009
南偏东 Southeast	34.93	102.9	45°	31.0 ± 2.3^a	3 001
东坡 East	34.93	102.9	90°	22.8 ± 2.8^b	3 000
北偏东 Northeast	34.93	102.9	135°	14.9 ± 2.4^c	3 001
北坡 North	34.93	102.9	180°	16.5 ± 3.5^c	2 900

坡向 Slope aspect	经度 Longitude (°E)	纬度 Latitude (°N)	坡向定位 Aspect orientation	坡度 Slope aspect (°)	海拔 Altitude (m)
南坡 South	34.93	102.9	0°	30.7 ± 1.5^a	3 009
南偏东 Southeast	34.93	102.9	45°	31.0 ± 2.3^a	3 001
东坡 East	34.93	102.9	90°	22.8 ± 2.8^b	3 000
北偏东 Northeast	34.93	102.9	135°	14.9 ± 2.4^c	3 001
北坡 North	34.93	102.9	180°	16.5 ± 3.5^c	2 900

坡向 Slope aspect	模型 Model	r	Oc	CL
南坡 South (0°)	Rapo	33.91	5.20	1.00
	Rane	33.75	5.20	1.00
	ZM	21.88	23.75	1.00
	bro	27.22	5.18	1.00
	Norm	19.75	3.24	1.00
geo	33.00	3.12	1.00
东南坡 Southeast (45°)	Rapo	89.11	3.47	1.00
	Rane	114.40	3.47	1.00
	ZM	4.22	9.75	1.00
	Bro	11.72	0.76	0.96
	Norm	4.21	1.54	1.00
	geo	11.72	4.63	1.00
东坡 East (90°)	Rapo	42.06	8.83	1.00
	Rane	40.27	8.82	0.95
	ZM	24.71	8.27	0.68
	bro	77.89	8.036	0.89
	Norm	10.77	8.04	1.00
geo	40.14	9.71	1.00
东北坡 Northeast (135°)	Rapo	27.12	16.80	0.95
	Rane	25.80	22.64	0.93
	ZM	35.36	100.49	1.00
	bro	29.67	25.03	1.00
	Norm	24.29	10.21	1.00
	geo	28.38	21.90	1.00
北坡 North (180°)	Rapo	22.76	22.30	0.96
	Rane	22.08	79.73	1.00
	ZM	32.34	48.52	0.95
	bro	79.72	22.50	1.00
	Norm	579.43	143.45	0.00
	geo	15.77	16.30	1.00

坡向 Slope aspect	模型 Model	r	Oc	CL
南坡 South (0°)	Rapo	33.91	5.20	1.00
	Rane	33.75	5.20	1.00
	ZM	21.88	23.75	1.00
	bro	27.22	5.18	1.00
	Norm	19.75	3.24	1.00
geo	33.00	3.12	1.00
东南坡 Southeast (45°)	Rapo	89.11	3.47	1.00
	Rane	114.40	3.47	1.00
	ZM	4.22	9.75	1.00
	Bro	11.72	0.76	0.96
	Norm	4.21	1.54	1.00
	geo	11.72	4.63	1.00
东坡 East (90°)	Rapo	42.06	8.83	1.00
	Rane	40.27	8.82	0.95
	ZM	24.71	8.27	0.68
	bro	77.89	8.036	0.89
	Norm	10.77	8.04	1.00
geo	40.14	9.71	1.00
东北坡 Northeast (135°)	Rapo	27.12	16.80	0.95
	Rane	25.80	22.64	0.93
	ZM	35.36	100.49	1.00
	bro	29.67	25.03	1.00
	Norm	24.29	10.21	1.00
	geo	28.38	21.90	1.00
北坡 North (180°)	Rapo	22.76	22.30	0.96
	Rane	22.08	79.73	1.00
	ZM	32.34	48.52	0.95
	bro	79.72	22.50	1.00
	Norm	579.43	143.45	0.00
	geo	15.77	16.30	1.00

坡向 Slope aspect	物种 Species
	模型 Model	常见种 Frequent species			稀有种 Rare species
	模型 Model	r	Oc	CL	r	Oc	CL
南坡 South (0°)	Rane	32.55	6.94	1.00	71.91	2.10	0.65
南坡 South (0°)	geo	23.70	1.73	1.00	20.16	3.54	1.00
东南坡 Southeast (45°)	Rane	14.41	4.93	1.00	32.86	1.53	1.00
东南坡 Southeast (45°)	geo	17.18	1.64	1.00	31.88	1.53	1.00
东坡 East (90°)	Rane	120.26	14.80	1.00	62.66	4.52	1.00
东坡 East (90°)	geo	14.07	14.80	1.00	44.78	1.50	1.00
东北坡 Northeast (135°)	Rane	27.65	2.57	1.00	78.33	6.88	0.66
东北坡 Northeast (135°)	geo	22.13	2.57	1.00	82.75	26.99	1.00
北坡 North (180°)	Rane	35.55	4.46	1.00	69.83	7.52	1.00
北坡 North (180°)	geo	32.50	4.46	1.00	59.07	6.02	1.00