水同位素分析与生态系统过程示踪: 技术、应用以及未来挑战

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2019.0204

植物生态学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (4): 350-359.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2019.0204

所属专题：稳定同位素生态学；生态学研究的方法和技术

水同位素分析与生态系统过程示踪: 技术、应用以及未来挑战

汤显辉¹,陈永乐^1,²,李芳^1,²,宋欣^1,^3,^*()

¹深圳大学生命与海洋科学学院, 广东深圳 518060
²深圳大学光电工程学院电子器件与系统(教育部/广东省)重点实验室, 广东深圳 518060
³深圳大学深圳市海洋生物资源与生态环境重点实验室, 广东深圳 518060

收稿日期:2019-08-06 接受日期:2019-10-14 出版日期:2020-04-20 发布日期:2020-02-24
通讯作者: 宋欣
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31770435)

Water isotope analysis for tracing ecosystem processes: measurement techniques, ecological applications, and future challenges

TANG Xian-Hui¹,CHEN Yong-Le^1,²,LI Fang^1,²,SONG Xin^1,^3,^*()

¹College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
²Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
³Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotic Resources and Ecological Environment, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China

Received:2019-08-06 Accepted:2019-10-14 Online:2020-04-20 Published:2020-02-24
Contact: SONG Xin
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(31770435)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

水分是生态系统的重要因子, 水同位素自然示踪和人工标记是研究生态系统水循环过程的重要方法, 利用水同位素所具有的示踪、整合和指示等功能特征, 通过测量和分析生态系统中不同组分所含水分的氢氧同位素比值的变化情况, 可实现生态系统蒸散发的拆分、植物水分来源判定和叶片水同位素富集机理研究, 是研究生态系统水循环过程机理和生态学效应不可或缺的技术手段。该文首先简要回顾了生态系统水同位素发展和应用的历史, 在此基础上阐述了水同位素技术和方法在生态学研究热点领域应用的基本原理, 概述了水同位素在植物水分来源判定、蒸散发拆分、露水来源拆分、降水的水汽来源拆分以及 ¹⁷O-excess的研究进展, 并介绍了植物叶片水富集机理及基于稳定同位素的碳水耦合研究。最后, 指出了水同位素研究亟待解决的问题, 展望了水同位素应用的前沿方向, 旨在利用水同位素分析加深对生态系统的水分动态、植被格局和生理过程的理解。

关键词: 氧同位素, 氢同位素, 示踪, 水循环, 生态系统过程

Abstract:

Stable oxygen and hydrogen isotope analysis provides an important tool to trace, integrate or indicate water fluxes from leaf, whole-plant to ecosystem levels. Through measuring and analyzing the natural varitions in the hydrogen and oxygen isotope compositions of water from different components of ecosystem, we can partition evapotranspiration of ecosystem, determine source of plant water uptake, and study mechanism of leaf water isotope enrichment. As such, water isotope analysis has emerged as an indispensable technique to study the mechanism and ecological effects of different water cycle processes in ecosystem. In this paper, we briefly reviewed the history in development and application of water isotope analysis for terrestrial ecosystem studies, which then followed by more detailed introduction of the application principles and technical essentials. Furthermore, we reviewed progresses in diverse water-isotope based research field ranging from evapotranspiration partitioning, plant water uptake apportionment, sourcing of dew flux and precipitation vapor, to exploration leaf water isotope enrichment mechanisms and water-carbon coupling. Finally, we summarized technological and methodological challenges to be solved in the future ecological research, so as to fully realize the potential of water isotope analysis in various field of ecological research.

Key words: oxygen isotope, deuterium isotope, tracing, water cycle, ecosystem processes

汤显辉, 陈永乐, 李芳, 宋欣. 水同位素分析与生态系统过程示踪: 技术、应用以及未来挑战. 植物生态学报, 2020, 44(4): 350-359. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2019.0204

TANG Xian-Hui, CHEN Yong-Le, LI Fang, SONG Xin. Water isotope analysis for tracing ecosystem processes: measurement techniques, ecological applications, and future challenges. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2020, 44(4): 350-359. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2019.0204

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2019.0204

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2020/V44/I4/350

图/表 1

图1 野外环境下簇状叶室与激光同位素仪相连测量蒸腾水汽同位素信号(δT)(引自Wang et al., 2012, 有改动)。实际测量中, 空气(水汽浓度为qA, 同位素信号为δA)以一定流速从叶室的进气口(5)进入叶室, 其与从叶室内叶片蒸腾出的水汽(T, δT)混合后(qM, δM)以同样的流速从叶室出气口(6)排出。进入叶室的空气以及排出叶室的混合气在经由电磁阀控制的多路控制系统(8)后按设定的测量周期(如4 min一个测量周期)交替通往水汽激光同位素仪(9)进行测量。在qA、δA、qM、δM以及气流流速都被测定的情况下, 通过进出叶室的水汽质量守恒可以计算出蒸腾通量, 再通过同位素质量守恒方程即可计算出δT。详细推导过程及注意事项参考Wang et al. (2012)。

Fig. 1 Measurement of transpiration vapor isotopic signal (δT) by connecting conifer chamber with isotope ratio laser spectrometer in the field (cited from Wang et al., 2012 with change). In the measurement, the airs (vapor concentration qA and isotopic signal δA) enter the clustered chamber at a velocity from the inlet (5), mixing with the transpiration vapor from leaves (T, δT) in chamber, then (qM, δM) eject from the outlet (6) at the same flow rate. Passing by a solenoid valve controlled multi-channel system (8), the mixed airs are alternately connected to the isotope ratio laser spectrometer (9) in a set measurement period (e.g., a measurement period of 4 min). As qA, δA, qM, δA and flow rate are measured, the transpired vapor flux can be calculated by mass balance between vapor entering and outgoing the chamber, then δT of transpiration vapor can be calculated by isotopic mass balance equation. More details and derivational processes reference to Wang et al. (2012).

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水同位素分析与生态系统过程示踪: 技术、应用以及未来挑战

Water isotope analysis for tracing ecosystem processes: measurement techniques, ecological applications, and future challenges

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