干旱河谷微生境变化对乡土植物幼苗定植的影响

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2020.0216

植物生态学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (10): 1028-1039.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2020.0216

干旱河谷微生境变化对乡土植物幼苗定植的影响

胡慧¹^,², 杨雨¹^,², 包维楷¹, 刘鑫¹, 李芳兰¹^,^*()

¹中国科学院山地生态恢复与生物资源利用重点实验室, 生态恢复与生物多样性保育四川省重点实验室, 中国科学院成都生物研究所, 成都 610041
²中国科学院大学, 北京 100049

收稿日期:2020-06-29 接受日期:2020-08-26 出版日期:2020-10-20 发布日期:2020-10-11
通讯作者: 李芳兰
作者简介:*E-mail: lifl@cib.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2017YFC0505105);四川省重大科技专项项目(2018SZDZX0033);四川省重大科技专项项目(2018SZDZX0035)

Effects of microhabitat changes on seedling establishment of native plants in a dry valley

HU Hui¹^,², YANG Yu¹^,², BAO Wei-Kai¹, LIU Xin¹, LI Fang-Lan¹^,^*()

¹CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
²University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2020-06-29 Accepted:2020-08-26 Online:2020-10-20 Published:2020-10-11
Contact: LI Fang-Lan
Supported by:
National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFC0505105);Science and Technology Major Project of Sichuan Province(2018SZDZX0033);Science and Technology Major Project of Sichuan Province(2018SZDZX0035)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

干旱区植被斑块状分布格局引起的微生境差异对植被更新影响显著。气候变化和人类活动扰动下, 干旱区生态系统微生境多样化, 急需揭示乡土植物定植对不同微生境斑块变化的响应及其种间差异性, 并采用微生境调控技术促进退化生态系统植被恢复。该研究选择岷江干旱河谷区自然分布的灌木、半灌木和裸地微生境斑块, 采用移栽鞍叶羊蹄甲(Bauhinia brachycarpa)幼苗的试验方法, 揭示微生境变化对幼苗定植的影响; 进一步以极端退化的道路边坡为案例, 通过6种乡土植物种子直播试验探讨微生境调控技术及其对乡土植物幼苗定植的促进作用。结果显示, 在自然生态系统中, 裸地斑块上幼苗保存率和生物量显著大于植被斑块, 表明裸地微生境有利于幼苗定植; 养分添加仅对裸地斑块中幼苗生物量积累有促进作用。在裸地斑块中, 叶片生物量所占的比例和比叶面积较小, 相反根和茎生物量所占的比例较大。道路边坡上植被恢复试验结果显示, 6种乡土植物均能较好地适应土石混杂的边坡生境, 多数物种出苗率大于60%; 灌木幼苗保存率大于75%, 并且形成镶嵌式乡土灌草群落结构。地表覆盖和养分添加提高了边坡上种子出苗率和幼苗保存率, 促进了幼苗定植和结构稳定。该研究提供了有效促进工程边坡上乡土植物定植的方法, 可为干旱、半干旱生态系统退化荒坡和工程破坏地乡土植被恢复提供理论依据和技术指导。

关键词: 生态恢复, 种间差异, 群落结构, 边坡, 微生境, 幼苗定植

Abstract:

Aims The patchy distribution patterns of vegetation result in heterogeneous microhabitats and thus affect seed germination and seedling establishment in arid ecosystems. The impact of changes in microhabitat conditions on the colonization of native plants and the specificity need to be understood for restoring vegetation by adopting microhabitat regulation measures in arid ecosystems where vegetation degradations are exacerbated by climate change and increasing anthropogenic disturbances.
Methods Three types of microhabitat conditions, including vegetation cover of shrubs and semi-shrubs, respectively, and bare lands, were selected in an dry valley in Minjiang River basin. The effects of microhabitat conditions on seedling establishment were studied in Bauhinia brachycarpa by measuring the survival rate and the height and biomass of seedlings. The microhabitat effects on seed germination and seedling establishment were also studied in six other native plant species on an extremely degraded roadside slope.
Important findings The results show that B. brachycarpa seedlings had significantly greater survival rate and total biomass, as well as greater biomass of roots and shoots on bare lands than in habitats with shrub and semi-shrub covers; whereas the specific leaf area and leaf mass fraction of seedlings were smaller on bare lands than in shrub and semi-shrub patches. Humus addition treatment significantly increased the total biomass of seedlings in bare land microhabitat. Moreover, non-woven geotextile cover and humus addition treatment increased the germination rate in herbaceous plants, resulting in high herb density four months after treatment. The results suggest that humus addition and geotextile cover are effective in regulating microhabitat for improvement of seedling colonization and maintenance of the community structure stability. In conclusion, uses of native plants are important in the vegetation restoration of extremely degraded sites in arid regions due to their strong adaptability to road slope habitats and capability of forming a shrub-grass mosaic community structures.

Key words: ecological restoration, interspecific variation, community structure, roadside, microhabitat, seedling establishment

胡慧, 杨雨, 包维楷, 刘鑫, 李芳兰. 干旱河谷微生境变化对乡土植物幼苗定植的影响. 植物生态学报, 2020, 44(10): 1028-1039. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2020.0216

HU Hui, YANG Yu, BAO Wei-Kai, LIU Xin, LI Fang-Lan. Effects of microhabitat changes on seedling establishment of native plants in a dry valley. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2020, 44(10): 1028-1039. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2020.0216

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2020.0216

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2020/V44/I10/1028

图/表 10

表1 干旱河谷不同斑块微生境特征(平均值±标准误差)

Table 1 Microhabitat characteristics of different patches in the dry valley studied (means ± SE)

微生境类型 Microhabitat type	植被特征 Vegetation characteristic			土壤特征 Soil property
微生境类型 Microhabitat type	平均植株高度 Average plant height (cm)	冠幅 Crown diameter (cm)	容重 Bulk density (g·cm^-3)	有机碳含量 Organic carbon content (g·kg^-1)	总氮含量 Total nitrogen content (g·kg^-1)	总磷含量 Total phosphorus content (g·kg^-1)
灌木斑块 Shrub patch	61.7 ± 10.5	1.23 ± 0.78	1.28 ± 0.65	47.66 ± 4.96	2.33 ± 0.11	0.76 ± 0.03
半灌木斑块 Semi-shrub patch	38.2 ± 5.9	0.55 ± 0.14	1.21 ± 0.64	44.62 ± 5.32	2.51 ± 0.32	0.82 ± 0.03
裸地斑块 Bare patch	-	-	1.37 ± 0.74	32.50 ± 4.31	1.81 ± 0.03	0.80 ± 0.07

图1 干旱河谷不同微生境下鞍叶羊蹄甲幼苗存活率、植株高度和比叶面积(平均值±标准误差)。Bare, 裸地微生境; Semi-shrub, 半灌木微生境; Shrub, 灌木微生境。不同小写字母表示不同微生境之间差异显著(n = 15; p < 0.05)。

Fig. 1 Survival rate, plant height and specific leaf area of two-year old Bauhinia brachycarpa seedlings in different microhabitats in the dry valley studied (means ± SE). Bare, bare land microhabitats; Semi-shrub, semi-shrub microhabitats; Shrub, shrub microhabitats. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among the microhabitats (n = 15; p < 0.05).

图2 干旱河谷不同微生境条件下二年生鞍叶羊蹄甲幼苗生物量(平均值±标准误差)。Bare, 裸地微生境; Semi-shrub, 半灌木微生境; Shrub, 灌木微生境。相同施肥条件下不同小写字母指示不同微生境之间差异显著(n = 15; p < 0.05)。*, 同一微生境类型中施肥效果显著(n = 15; p < 0.05); ns, 施肥效果不显著(n = 15; p > 0.05)。

Fig. 2 Biomass (means ± SE) of two-year old Bauhinia brachycarpa seedlings in different microhabitats in the dry valley studied. Bare, bare land microhabitats; Semi-shrub, semi-shrub microhabitats; Shrub, shrub microhabitats. Different lowercase letters within a fertile condition indicate significant differences among the microhabitats (n = 15; p < 0.05). *, significant difference between fertilized and unfertilized treatments (n = 15; p < 0.05); ns, non-significant difference between fertilized and unfertilized treatments (n = 15; p > 0.05).

图3 干旱河谷不同微生境条件下二年生鞍叶羊蹄甲幼苗生物量分配(平均值±标准误差)。Bare, 裸地微生境; Semi-shrub, 半灌木微生境; Shrub, 灌木微生境。不同小写字母表示不同微生境之间差异显著(n = 15; p < 0.05)。

Fig. 3 Biomass allocation (means ± SE) of two-year old Bauhinia brachycarpa seedlings in different microhabitats in the dry valley studied. Bare, bare land microhabitats; Semi-shrub, semi-shrub microhabitats; Shrub, shrub microhabitats. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among the microhabitats (n = 15; p < 0.05).

表2 干旱河谷道路边坡不同乡土植物种子发芽率、萌发率和幼苗保存率(平均值±标准误差)

Table 2 Seed germination rate, seedling emergence and seedling survival rate (means ± SE) of different native plants on roadside slope of the dry valley studied

生活型 Life form	物种 Species	种子发芽率 Seed germination rate (%)	出苗率 Seedling emergence rate (%)	保存率 Seedling survival rate (%)
草本和半灌木 Herb and semi-shrub	早熟禾 Poa annua	61.6 ± 5.5^a	56.8 ± 12.40^a	-
	狗尾草 Setaria viridis	72.3 ± 12.6^ab	68.2 ± 8.11^a	-
	毛莲蒿 Artemisia vestit	80.2 ± 9.1^b	23.9 ± 6.52^b	-
灌木 Shrub	白刺花 Sophora davidii	61.2 ± 5.4^a	43.8 ± 5.49^a	77.0 ± 6.2^a
	鞍叶羊蹄甲 Bauhinia brachycarpa	98.0 ± 0.3^b	68.1 ± 9.53^a	75.7 ± 7.5^a
	四川黄栌 Cotinus szechuanensis	34.6 ± 2.6^c	10.3 ± 2.34^b	79.9 ± 8.2^a
	小叶杭子梢 Campylotropis wilsonii	76.7 ± 3.8^ab	58.5 ± 13.20^a	76.4 ± 5.5^a

图4 干旱河谷道路边坡不同微生境处理下群落结构参数(平均值±标准误差)。Bare, 裸露播种; Bare + N, 播种+施加养分; Cov + N, 播种+施加养分+纤维毯覆盖; Control, 裸露不播种。不同小写字母表示不同处理之间差异显著(n = 3; p < 0.05)。

Fig. 4 Community structures (means ± SE) under varying microhabitat treatments on roadside slope of the dry valley studied. Bare, bare land only with seedling; Bare + N, bare land with seedling and nutrient; Cov + N, covered with seedling and nutrient; Control, bare land without seedling. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments (n = 3; p < 0.05).

图5 干旱河谷道路边坡不同微生境处理下群落密度和根系分布深度(平均值±标准误差)。Bare, 裸露播种; Bare + N, 播种+施加养分; Cov + N, 播种+施加养分+纤维毯覆盖; Control, 裸露不播种。不同小写字母表示不同处理之间差异显著(n = 3; p < 0.05)。

Fig. 5 Community density and rooting depth (means ± SE) under varying microhabitat treatments on roadside slope of the dry valley studied. Control, bare land without seedling; Bare, bare land only with seedling; Bare + N, bare land with seedling and nutrient; Cov + N, covered with seedling and nutrient. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments (n = 3; p < 0.05).

图6 干旱河谷道路边坡不同微生境处理下群落密度的动态变化(平均值±标准误差)。Bare, 裸露播种; Bare + N, 播种+施加养分; Cov + N, 播种+施加养分+纤维毯覆盖。

Fig. 6 Dynamics of community density (means ± SE) under varying microhabitat treatments on roadside slope of the dry valley studied. Bare, bare land only with seedling; Bare + N, bare land with seedling and nutrient; Cov + N, covered with seedling and nutrient.

表3 生长周期与微生境处理两因素对道路边坡上群落生物量及盖度的交互作用

Table 3 Responses of community coverage and biomass to growing duration and varying microhabitat treatments and their interaction

变量 Variable	生物量 Biomass (g·m^-2)		盖度 Coverage (%)
变量 Variable	F	p	F	p
生长年份 Growing duration (Gd)	46.874	<0.001	16.971	0.001
微生境处理 Microhabitat treatments (Mt)	12.191	0.001	8.276	0.006
Gd × Mt	3.926	0.049	0.062	0.941
R²	0.868		0.737

图7 干旱河谷道路边坡上不同微生境处理下群落盖度和生物量的年际间变化(平均值±标准误差)。Bare, 裸露播种; Bare + N, 播种+施加养分; Cov + N, 播种+施加养分+纤维毯覆盖; Control, 裸露不播种。**和*表示同一微生境类型年份之间差异显著(n = 15; 分别为p < 0.01 和p < 0.05), ns表示年份之间差异不显著(n = 15; p > 0.05)。

Fig. 7 Inter-annual dynamics of community density and biomass (means ± SE) under varying microhabitat treatments on roadside slope of the dry valley studied. Bare, bare land only with seedling; Bare + N, bare land with seedling and nutrient; Cov + N, covered with seedling and nutrient; Control, bare land without seedling. ** and * indicate significant differences between the two observational years at p < 0.01 and p < 0.05 levels, respectively (n = 15); ns indicate non-significant differences between the two observational years (n = 15; p > 0.05).

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	[ 朱林海, 包维楷, 何丙辉 (2009). 岷江干旱河谷典型地段整地造林效果评估. 应用与环境生物学报, 15, 774-780.]

干旱河谷微生境变化对乡土植物幼苗定植的影响

Effects of microhabitat changes on seedling establishment of native plants in a dry valley

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