氮添加频率对典型草原表层土壤氮矿化的影响

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2026.0014

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氮添加频率对典型草原表层土壤氮矿化的影响

武舒蓉, 张婷, 刘丽娟, 宋长春, 陈旭, 李昭, 张云海

中国科学院植物研究所饲草种质高效设计与利用全国重点实验室, 植被与环境变化重点实验室, 北京 100093 中国
中国科学院大学, 100049
国家林业和草原局国家公园（自然保护地）发展中心, 100714

收稿日期:2026-01-13 修回日期:2026-04-03
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划，“北方农牧交错带退化草原多维度修复与多功能提升技术研发”(2022YFF1302800); 国家自然科学基金面上项目，“内蒙古典型草原植物多样性对氮沉降的响应：十六年连续定位实验研究”(32071613)

The Effect of Nitrogen Addition Frequencies on Nitrogen Mineralization in Top Soil of a Typical Grassland

Wu Rong Shu, Zhang Ting, Liu Juan Li, Song Chun Chang, Chen Xu, Li Zhao, Zhang Hai Yun

State Key Laboratory of Forage Breeding-by-Design and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences 100093, China
, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 100049,
Development Centre of National Park (Natural Protected Areas), National Forestry and Grassland Administration 100714,

Received:2026-01-13 Revised:2026-04-03

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】氮输入通常能够促进草原生态系统土壤氮矿化，然而目前关于草原生态系统多关注生长季氮素添加效应，这与自然氮沉降高频率小剂量输入特点不一致，且对非生长季氮矿化效应研究缺乏。【方法】研究基于2010年在内蒙古典型草原建立的对照（不加氮）、每年一次加氮（6月初）、每年两次加氮（6月初和11月初）以及每月一次加氮（每月月初）实验平台，采用顶盖PVC管法探究2021–2023年生长季与非生长季表层10 cm土壤净氮矿化及无机氮库的影响。【主要结果】我们研究表明氮素添加影响了生长季与非生长季土壤氮矿化，其中低频率氮素添加对非生长季土壤净铵化速率促进作用显著大于每月一次高频率。同时我们发现氮添加显著增加生长季土壤铵态氮、硝态氮和总无机氮，降低土壤pH，其中土壤铵态氮增量随氮素添加频率增加而降低。结构方程模型结果显示土壤铵态氮和硝态氮的遗留效应大于土壤铵化速率和硝化速率分别对土壤铵态氮和硝态氮的贡献，且氮素添加导致的土壤酸化会降低土壤铵态氮和硝态氮累积。因此，我们建议采用同时包含生长季与非生长季的高频率氮素添加实验模拟大气氮沉降对生态系统功能的效应。

关键词: 氮添加频率, 典型草原, 土壤净矿化速率, 土壤净铵化速率, 土壤净硝化速率, 土壤无机氮

Abstract: Aims Nitrogen (N) addition generally promotes soil N mineralization in grassland ecosystems. However, current research on grassland ecosystems primarily focuses on the effects of N addition during the growing season, which is inconsistent with the characteristics of natural N deposition—frequent but low‐dose inputs. Additionally, there is a lack of studies on N mineralization effects outside the growing season. Methods This study was based on an experimental platform established in 2010 in a typical grassland of Inner Mongolia, comprising control (no N addition), once per year N addition (early June), twice per year N addition (early June and early November), and monthly per year N addition (early each month) treatments. Using top-cover PVC cylinders method, it investigated the effects on net N mineralization and inorganic N pool dynamics in the 10 cm topsoil layer during both growing and non-growing seasons from 2021 to 2023. Important findings Our study demonstrates that N addition affects soil N mineralization in both growing and non-growing seasons. Specifically, low-frequency N addition exhibits a significantly stronger promoting effect on soil net ammonification rate during the non-growing season compared to high-frequency monthly additions. We further found that N addition significantly increased soil ammonium nitrogen (NH4+–N), nitrate nitrogen (NO3––N), and total inorganic N in the growing season while decreasing soil pH. The increment of soil (NH4+–N) diminishes with increasing N addition frequency. Structural equation modeling reveals that the legacy effects of soil NH4+–N and NO3––N exceed the contributions of soil ammonification rate and nitrification rate to their respective pools. Additionally, nitrogen-induced soil acidification reduces the accumulation of soil NH4+–N and NO3––N. Therefore, we recommend that future studies simulating atmospheric N deposition effects on ecosystem functions via N addition should adopt high-frequency, multi-time N addition experiments covering both growing and non-growing seasons.

Key words: nitrogen addition, typical grassland, soil net nitrogen mineralization rate, soil net nitrogen ammonification rate, soil net nitrogen nitrification rate, soil inorganic nitrogen

武舒蓉, 张婷, 刘丽娟, 宋长春, 陈旭, 李昭, 张云海. 氮添加频率对典型草原表层土壤氮矿化的影响. . DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2026.0014

Wu Rong Shu, Zhang Ting, Liu Juan Li, Song Chun Chang, Chen Xu, Li Zhao, Zhang Hai Yun. The Effect of Nitrogen Addition Frequencies on Nitrogen Mineralization in Top Soil of a Typical Grassland. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2026.0014

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2026.0014

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