内蒙古典型草原不同退化阶段植被恢复的养分限制因子解析

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2024.0082

植物生态学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (1): 7-18.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0082 cstr: 32100.14.cjpe.2024.0082

内蒙古典型草原不同退化阶段植被恢复的养分限制因子解析

房凯¹^,², 王迎新³, 黄建辉⁴, 段俊光¹^,², 张琦¹^,², 张倩¹^,², 甘红豪¹^,², 褚建民¹^,²^,⁵^,^*()

¹中国林业科学研究院林业研究所, 北京 100091
²国家林业和草原局滨海林业研究中心, 北京 100091
³中国林业科学研究院生态保护与修复研究所, 北京 100091
⁴中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室, 国家植物园, 北京 100093
⁵中国林业科学研究院沙漠林业实验中心, 内蒙古磴口 015200

收稿日期:2024-03-25 接受日期:2024-08-23 出版日期:2025-01-20 发布日期:2025-03-08
通讯作者: * (cjmcaf@163.com)
基金资助:
中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(A类)(XDA26020102);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金重点项目(CAFYBB2020ZB001)

Deciphering the nutrient factors limiting vegetation restoration under different degradation stages in typical steppe of Nei Mongol, China

FANG Kai¹^,², WANG Ying-Xin³, HUANG Jian-Hui⁴, DUAN Jun-Guang¹^,², ZHANG Qi¹^,², ZHANG Qian¹^,², GAN Hong-Hao¹^,², CHU Jian-Min¹^,²^,⁵^,^*()

¹Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
²Coastal Forestry Research Center of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100091, China
³Research Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
⁴State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
⁵Experimental Center of Desert Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Dengkou, Nei Mongol 015200, China

Received:2024-03-25 Accepted:2024-08-23 Online:2025-01-20 Published:2025-03-08
Supported by:
Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA26020102);Key Projects Under the Special Fund for Basic Scientific Research Operations of Central Government-Level Public Welfare Research Institutes(CAFYBB2020ZB001)

1. 附录内蒙古典型草原13个采样点的地理坐标、建群种及主要指示物种重要值.pdf(446KB)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

草地生态系统具有固碳增汇、防风固沙和维持生物多样性等多种生态服务功能。当前部分地区草地退化问题日益严重, 亟需深入解析退化草地植被恢复的限制因子, 为天然草地植被恢复实践工作提供科学理论支撑。该研究基于内蒙古典型草原的13个采样点(每个点包含4种不同退化程度的植物群落: 未退化、轻度退化、中度退化和重度退化)调查, 探究了植物群落属性(地上生物量、盖度和密度)随草地退化程度的变化规律, 并利用最小二乘回归分析、冗余分析和多元线性回归分析等多种统计分析方法解析了退化草地植被恢复的养分限制因子。结果显示: 1)随着退化程度的加剧, 内蒙古典型草原植物群落地上生物量、盖度和密度以及土壤有机碳、总氮和速效磷含量显著降低。2)整体退化阶段以及相邻的退化演替阶段之间, 土壤氮含量是对植物群落属性变化最大的影响因素, 土壤磷含量仅在草原整体退化阶段具有一定影响。上述结果表明, 土壤氮的可利用性是内蒙古典型草原退化植被恢复最重要的养分限制因子, 在退化草原恢复工作中应发展以氮肥施用为主的养分管理措施。

关键词: 典型草原, 草地退化, 植被恢复, 土壤氮磷养分, 限制因子

Abstract:

Aims Grasslands provide many kinds of ecological services, including carbon sequestration, sand fixation, and biodiversity maintenance. However, some grasslands are experiencing degradation. To provide scientific theoretical support for grassland restoration, it is necessary to understand the limiting factors for vegetation restoration in degraded grasslands. In this study, we explored nutrient limiting factors for vegetation restoration under different degradation stages in typical steppe of Nei Mongol.

Methods Plant and soil samples were collected during August in 2021-2022, from 13 sampling sites (four plant communities under different degradation stages within each site: non-degradation, light degradation, moderate degradation, and heavy degradation) in typical steppe. We examined the effects of degradations on above-ground biomass, coverage, and density of plant communities. Soil organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus contents were measured. Multiple statistical analyses, including least squares regression analysis, redundancy analysis, and multiple linear regression analysis, were used to clarify the nutrient limiting factors for vegetation restoration in degraded grasslands.

Important findings Plant community above-ground biomass, coverage, and density, as well as the contents of soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, and available phosphorus significantly decreased with the intensification of degradation. Under the whole degradation sequence and adjacent degradation succession stages, soil nitrogen content was the most influential factor on plant community properties, while soil phosphorus content marginally affected the overall degradation sequence. These results indicate that soil nitrogen availability is the most important nutrient factor limiting vegetation restoration. Consequently, nitrogen fertilization should be concerned in the future restoration works.

Key words: typical steppe, grassland degradation, vegetation restoration, soil nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient, limiting factor

房凯, 王迎新, 黄建辉, 段俊光, 张琦, 张倩, 甘红豪, 褚建民. 内蒙古典型草原不同退化阶段植被恢复的养分限制因子解析. 植物生态学报, 2025, 49(1): 7-18. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0082

FANG Kai, WANG Ying-Xin, HUANG Jian-Hui, DUAN Jun-Guang, ZHANG Qi, ZHANG Qian, GAN Hong-Hao, CHU Jian-Min. Deciphering the nutrient factors limiting vegetation restoration under different degradation stages in typical steppe of Nei Mongol, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2025, 49(1): 7-18. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0082

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2024.0082

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2025/V49/I1/7

图/表 9

图1 内蒙古典型草原采样点分布图。该植被类型图基于1:1 000 000的中国植被图(中国科学院中国植被图编辑委员会, 2001)绘制。采样点信息见附录。

Fig. 1 Sampling sites in typical steppe of Nei Mongol. The map was obtained from China’s Vegetation Atlas with a scale of 1:1 000 000 (The Editorial Committee of Vegetation Map of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2001). See details of sampling sites in Supplement.

表1 内蒙古典型草原植物群落地上生物量、盖度、密度及第一主成分之间的Pearson相关系数

Table 1 Pearson’s correlation coefficient among plant community above-ground biomass (AGB), coverage, density and principal component 1 (PC1) in typical steppe of Nei Mongol

	地上生物量 AGB	盖度 Coverage	密度 Density	第一主成分 PC1
地上生物量 AGB	1.000	0.825^***	0.467^***	0.888^***
盖度 Coverage		1.000	0.622^***	0.945^***
密度 Density			1.000	0.778^***
第一主成分 PC1				1.000

图2 内蒙古典型草原不同退化程度植物群落地上生物量(A)、盖度(B)和密度(C)的频度分布。

Fig. 2 Frequency distributions of plant community above-ground biomass (AGB) (A), coverage (B) and density (C) under different degradation stages in typical steppe of Nei Mongol.

表2 内蒙古典型草原退化对标准化植物群落属性的影响(平均值±标准误)

Table 2 Effects of degradations on standardized plant community properties in typical steppe of Nei Mongol (mean ± SE)

	未退化 Non-degradation	轻度退化 Light degradation	中度退化 Moderate degradation	重度退化 Heavy degradation
地上生物量 Above-ground biomass	1.19 ± 0.07^a	0.25 ± 0.11^b	-0.46 ± 0.09^c	-0.99 ± 0.05^d
盖度 Coverage	1.13 ± 0.08^a	0.31 ± 0.10^b	-0.37 ± 0.09^c	-1.07 ± 0.05^d
密度 Density	0.77 ± 0.19^a	0.18 ± 0.21^b	-0.24 ± 0.22^bc	-0.71 ± 0.15^c

图3 内蒙古典型草原不同退化程度土壤碳(A)、氮(B-D)和磷(E)养分属性的频度分布。

Fig. 3 Frequency distributions of soil carbon (A), nitrogen (B-D) and phosphorus (E) contents under different degradation stages in typical steppe of Nei Mongol. AP, available phosphorus; NH4+-N, ammonium nitrogen; NO3--N, nitrate nitrogen; OC, organic carbon; TN, total nitrogen.

表3 内蒙古典型草原退化对标准化土壤养分属性的影响(平均值±标准误)

Table 3 Effects of degradations on standardized soil nutrient properties in typical steppe of Nei Mongol (mean ± SE)

	未退化 Non-degradation	轻度退化 Light degradation	中度退化 Moderate degradation	重度退化 Heavy degradation
有机碳含量 OC content	0.35 ± 0.25^a	0.19 ± 0.23^a	-0.06 ± 0.16^ab	-0.48 ± 0.28^b
总氮含量 TN content	0.46 ± 0.22^a	0.07 ± 0.21^ab	0.03 ± 0.20^ab	-0.56 ± 0.27^b
铵态氮含量 NH₄⁺-N content	0.26 ± 0.20^ns	0.33 ± 0.23^ns	-0.29 ± 0.21^ns	-0.30 ± 0.28^ns
硝态氮含量 NO₃^--N content	0.14 ± 0.27^a	-0.51 ± 0.17^b	-0.07 ± 0.23^ab	0.44 ± 0.23^a
速效磷含量 AP content	0.38 ± 0.31^a	0.01 ± 0.23^ab	-0.05 ± 0.20^ab	-0.33 ± 0.19^b

图4 内蒙古典型草原植物群落地上生物量、盖度和密度与土壤养分属性的相关性。所有数据经过了Z-score标准化处理。星号表示两个变量之间存在显著相关关系(*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001)。AP, 速效磷含量; NH4+-N, 铵态氮含量; NO3--N, 硝态氮含量; OC, 有机碳含量; TN, 总氮含量。

Fig. 4 Correlations of plant community above-ground biomass (AGB), coverage and density with soil nutrient properties in typical steppe of Nei Mongol. All the data were standardized transformed (Z-score). Asterisk indicates significant relationships between variables (*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001). AP, available phosphorus content; NH4+-N, ammonium nitrogen content; NO3--N, nitrate nitrogen content; OC, organic carbon content; TN, total nitrogen content.

图5 冗余分析(RDA)结果显示土壤养分属性对内蒙古典型草原全退化序列(A)、未退化至轻度退化(B)、轻度退化至中度退化(C)、中度退化至重度退化(D)阶段植物群落地上生物量(AGB)、盖度(Coverage)和密度(Density)的影响。所有数据经过了Z-score标准化处理。AP, 速效磷含量; NH4+-N, 铵态氮含量; NO3--N, 硝态氮含量; OC, 有机碳含量; PC1, 第一主成分; TN, 总氮含量。

Fig. 5 Results of redundancy analyses (RDA) showing the effects of soil nutrient properties on plant community above-ground biomass (AGB), coverage and density under the whole degradation sequence (A), non-degradation to light degradation (B), light degradation to moderate degradation (C) and moderate degradation to heavy degradation (D) in typical steppe of Nei Mongol. All the data were standardized transformed (Z-score). AP, available phosphorus content; NH4+-N, ammonium nitrogen content; NO3--N, nitrate nitrogen content; OC, organic carbon content; PC1, first principal component; TN, total nitrogen content.

图6 基于多元线性回归分析的土壤养分属性对内蒙古典型草原全退化序列(A)、未退化至轻度退化(B)、轻度退化至中度退化(C)、中度退化至重度退化(D)阶段植物群落属性影响的相对重要性。所有数据经过了Z-score标准化处理。使用主成分分析中的第一主成分表征植物群落属性(地上生物量、盖度和密度)。深色和浅色柱子分别代表土壤氮和磷元素变量。AP, 速效磷含量; NH4+-N, 铵态氮含量; NO3--N, 硝态氮含量; TN, 总氮含量。

Fig. 6 Results of multiple linear regression analyses showing the relative importance of soil nutrient properties on plant community properties under the overall degradation sequence (A), non-degradation to light degradation (B), light degradation to moderate degradation (C) and moderate degradation to heavy degradation (D) in typical steppe of Nei Mongol. All the data were standardized transformed (Z-score). Plant properties (above-ground biomass (AGB), coverage and density) were represented by PC1 in the principal components analyses. Deep and light color columns represent soil nitrogen and phosphorus variables, respectively. AP, available phosphorus content; NH4+-N, ammonium nitrogen content; NO3--N, nitrate nitrogen content; TN, total nitrogen content.

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内蒙古典型草原不同退化阶段植被恢复的养分限制因子解析

Deciphering the nutrient factors limiting vegetation restoration under different degradation stages in typical steppe of Nei Mongol, China

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