过量施氮对冬小麦生产力的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.01075

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

设置0、70、140、210和280 kg N·hm ^-2 5个施N梯度, 对冬小麦(Triticum aestivum)旗叶光合速率(A_leaf)、群体冠层光合速率(A_canopy)、作物生长速率(CGR)和籽粒产量(GY) 4个生产力水平进行综合观测研究, 结果发现: 在0-210 kg N·hm ^-2区间, A_leaf、A_canopy、CGR和GY都随施N量的增大而增大; 在施N量由210增加到280 kg N·hm ^-2时, GY没有显著变化, 而灌浆期A_leaf、开花期和灌浆期A_canopy、开花-成熟阶段CGR有显著减小。综合分析认为: 1)过量施N (280 kg N·hm ^-2)能显著降低灌浆期冬小麦A_leaf、A_canopy和CGR, 进而抑制GY; 2)过量施N对冬小麦光合生产力的抑制作用主要发生在灌浆期; 3)在A_leaf、A_canopy、CGR和GY 4个生产力指标中, A_canopy对过量施N的反应最敏感。

关键词: 冠层光合, 叶片光合, 氮肥, 光合生产力, 冬小麦

Abstract:

Aims Integrated research on the effect of N supply on successive levels from leaf to canopy would be helpful to improve the field N management in winter wheat production areas in China.
Methods Field experiments were conducted under 5 N levels: 0, 70, 140, 210 and 280 kg N·hm ^-2. Four levels of productivity were measured: leaf photosynthetic rate (A_leaf) and canopy photosynthetic rate (A_canopy) measured at the stages of booting, flowering and grain-filling, crop growth rate (CGR) measured during the stages of setting-flowering and flowering-ripening and grain yield (GY) measured at the stage of harvesting.
Important findings Results show that A_leaf, A_canopy and CGR have increasing patterns at all stages when N supply increases from 0 to 210 kg N·hm ^-2. When N supply increases from 210 to 280 kg N·hm ^-2, GY has no significant variation; however, the A_leaf and A_canopy during the grain-filling stage and the CGR during the flowering-ripening stage decrease. These results indicate that: 1) excessive N supply of 280 kg N·hm ^-2 can decrease the productivity of winter wheat over leaf, canopy and biomass levels and inhibit GY increasing; 2) the negative effect of excessive N supply is readily demonstrated during the stage of grain-filling; and 3) A_canopy is more capable of detecting the negative effect of excessive N supply than A_leaf, CGR and GY.

Key words: canopy photosynthesis, leaf photosynthesis, nitrogen fertilization, photosynthetic productivity, winter wheat

赵风华, 马军花, 欧阳竹. 过量施氮对冬小麦生产力的影响. 植物生态学报, 2012, 36(10): 1075-1081. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.01075

ZHAO Feng-Hua, MA Jun-Hua, OUYANG Zhu. Effects of excessive nitrogen supply on productivity of winter wheat. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2012, 36(10): 1075-1081. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.01075

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.01075

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2012/V36/I10/1075

图/表 6

图1 冬小麦旗叶光合速率、气孔导度和叶绿素SPAD值(平均值±标准偏差, n = 15)。N0、N70、N140、N210和N280, 5个施N水平: 0、70、140、210和280 kg N·hm-2。同一系列同一时期中不同小写字母表示差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 1 Leaf photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and SPAD values of flag leaf of winter wheat (mean ± SD, n = 15). N0, N70, N140, N210 and N280, five N supply levels of 0, 70, 140, 210 and 280 kg N·hm-2, respectively. Different lowercases in the same figure and stage indicate significant differences (p < 0.05).

表1 冬小麦旗叶光合速率(Aleaf)与气孔导度(Gs)和叶绿素SPAD值间的线性关系

Table 1 Linear relationships of flay leaf photosynthetic rate (Aleaf)-stomatal conductance (Gs) and Aleaf-SPAD of winter wheat

	孕穗 Booting	开花 Flowering	灌浆 Grain-filling
A_leaf-G_s	y = 54.52x - 2.36 R² = 0.91^**	y = 33.31x + 1.43 R² = 0.94^**	y = 25.45x + 3.06 R² = 0.98^**
A_leaf-SPAD	y = 0.24x - 0.17 R² = 0.99^**	y = 0.16x + 3.91 R² = 0.98^**	y = 0.14x + 3.45 R² = 0.94^**

图2 冬小麦绿叶面积指数(GLAI)的变化。N0、N70、N140、N210和N280, 5个施N水平: 0、70、140、210和280 kg N·hm-2。

Fig. 2 Variation of green leaf area index (GLAI) of winter wheat. N0, N70, N140, N210 and N280, five N supply levels of 0, 70, 140, 210 and 280 kg N·hm-2, respectively.

图3 冬小麦群体冠层光合速率(平均值±标准偏差, n = 9)。N0、N70、N140、N210和N280, 5个施N水平: 0、70、140、210和280 kg N·hm-2。

Fig. 3 Canopy photosynthetic rate of winter wheat (mean ± SD, n = 9). N0, N70, N140, N210 and N280, five N supply levels of 0, 70, 140, 210 and 280 kg N·hm-2, respectively.

图4 冬小麦的作物生长速率(平均值±标准偏差, n = 9)。N0、N70、N140、N210和N280, 5个施N水平: 0、70、140、210和280 kg N·hm-2。不同小写字母表示差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 4 Crop growth rate of winter wheat (mean ± SD, n = 9). N0, N70, N140, N210 and N280, five N supply levels of 0, 70, 140, 210 and 280 kg N·hm-2, respectively. Different lowercases indicate significant differences (p < 0.05).

图5 冬小麦籽粒产量与施N量的关系(平均值±标准偏差, n = 3)。不同小写字母表示差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 5 Relationship between grain yield of winter wheat and N supply (mean ± SD, n = 3). Different lowercases indicate significant differences (p < 0.05).

参考文献 25

1	Albrizo R, Steduto P ( 2003). Photosynthesis, respiration and conservative carbon use efficiency of four field grown crops. Agriculture and Forest Meteorology, 116, 19-36.
2	Anand MH, Byju G ( 2008). Chlorophyll meter and leaf colour chart to estimate chlorophyll content, leaf colour, and yield of cassava. Photosynthetica, 46, 511-516.
3	Broadley MR, Escobar-Gutiérrez AJ, Burns A, Burns IG ( 2001). Nitrogen-limited growth of lettuce is associated with lower stomatal conductance. New Phytologist, 152, 97-106.
4	Burkart S, Manderscheid R, Weigel HJ ( 2007). Design and performance of a portable gas exchange chamber system for CO₂- and H₂O-flux measurements in crop canopies. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 61, 25-34.
5	Cabrera-Bosquet L, Albrizio R, Araus JL, Nogués S ( 2009). Photosynthetic capacity of field-grown durum wheat under different N availabilities: a comparative study from leaf to canopy. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 67, 145-152.
6	Cai RG ( 蔡瑞国), Zhang M ( 张敏), Yin YP ( 尹燕枰), Wang P ( 王平), Zhang TB ( 张体彬), Gu F ( 顾锋), Dai ZM ( 戴忠民), Liang TB ( 梁太波), Wu YH ( 邬云海), Wang ZL ( 王振林 ) ( 2008). Photosynthetic characteristics and antioxidative metabolism of flag leaves in responses to nitrogen application in wheat during grain filling. Scientia Agricultura Sinica (中国农业科学), 41, 53-62. (in Chinese with English abstract)
7	Cramer MD, Hawkins HJ, Verboom GA ( 2009). The importance of nutritional regulation of plant water flux. Oecologia, 161, 15-24.
8	Cui ZL, Chen XP, Zhang FS ( 2010). Current nitrogen management status and measures to improve the intensive wheat-maize system in China. Ambio, 39, 376-384.
9	Dong ST ( 1994). Canopy apparent photosynthesis, respiration and yield in wheat. Journal of Agricultural Science, 122, 7-12.
10	Du SY ( 杜少勇), Xiong SP ( 熊淑平), Zhao P ( 赵鹏), Ma XM ( 马新明), Zhang YW ( 张英武), Lin SZ ( 蔺世召), Zhang XL ( 张心玲), Liu HJ ( 刘红君 ) ( 2011). Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on characteristic of nitrogen metabolism and yield after anthesis of wheat in the high fertility soil of North Henan. Journal of Triticeae Crops (麦类作物学报), 31, 882-886. (in Chinese with English abstract)
11	Espindula MC, Rocha VS, Fontes PCR, da Silva RCC, de Souza LT ( 2009). Effect of nitrogen and trinexapac-ethyl rates on the SPAD index of wheat leaves. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 32, 1956-1964.
12	Evans JR ( 1983). Nitrogen and photosynthesis in the flag leaf of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). Plant Physiology, 72, 297-302.
13	Fischer RA, Rees D, Sayre KD, Lu ZM, Condon AG, Saavedra AL ( 1998). Wheat yield progress associated with higher stomatal conductance and photosynthetic rate, and cooler canopies. Crop Science, 38, 1467-1475.
14	Hao DC ( 郝代成), Gao GH ( 高国华), Zhu YJ ( 朱云集), Gu TC ( 郭天财), Ye YL ( 叶优良), Wang CY ( 王晨阳), Xie YX ( 谢迎新 ) ( 2010). Effects of nitrogen application rate on photosynthesis characteristics after anthesis and high grain yield of winter wheat. Journal of Triticeae Crops (麦类作物学报), 30, 346-352. (in Chinese with English abstract)
15	He P, Li ST, Jin JY, Wang HT, Li CJ, Wang YL, Cui RZ ( 2009). Performance of an optimized nutrient management system for double-cropped wheat-maize rotations in North-Central China. Agronomy Journal, 101, 1489-1496.
16	Sun XS ( 孙旭生), Lin Q ( 林琪), Li YL ( 李燕玲), Jang W ( 姜雯), Zhai YJ ( 翟延举 ) ( 2008). Effects of nitrogen supply on photosynthetic characteristics at later developing stages and yield in superhigh-yield winter wheat. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science (植物营养与肥料学报), 14, 840-844. (in Chinese with English abstract)
17	Wang YF ( 王月福), Yu ZW ( 于振文), Li SX ( 李尚霞), Yu SL ( 余松烈 ) ( 2002). Effect of nitrogen nutrition on carbon assimilation and transfer and yield after wheat anthesis. Journal of Triticeae Crops (麦类作物学报), 22(2), 55-59. (in Chinese with English abstract)
18	Wilkinson S, Bacon MA, Davies WJ ( 2007). Nitrate signalling to stomata and growing leaves: interactions with soil drying, ABA, and xylem sap pH in maize. Journal of Experimental Botany, 58, 1705-1716.
19	Xiao K ( 肖凯), Zhang RX ( 张荣铣), Qian WP ( 钱维朴 ) ( 1999). The effect and regulating mechanism of nitrogen nutrition on canopy photosynthetic carbon assimilation in wheat. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science (植物营养与肥料学报), 5, 235-243. (in Chinese with English abstract)
20	Yang JC, Zhang JH ( 2006). Grain filling of cereals under soil drying. New Phytologist, 169, 223-236.
21	Yang YH ( 杨永辉), Wu PT ( 吴普特), Wu JC ( 武继承), Zhao SW ( 赵世伟), Huang ZB ( 黄占斌), He F ( 何方 ) ( 2011). Responses of winter wheat photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll content to water-retaining agent and N fertilizer. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 22, 79-85. (in Chinese with English abstract) URL PMID
22	Zhang FS ( 张福锁), Wang JQ ( 王激清), Zhang WF ( 张卫峰), Cui ZL ( 崔振岭), Ma WQ ( 马文奇), Chen XP ( 陈新平), Jiang RF ( 江荣风 ) ( 2008). Nutrient use efficiencies of major cereal crops in China and measures for improvement. Acta Pedologica Sinica (土壤学报), 45, 915-924. (in Chinese with English abstract)
23	Zhang XC ( 张绪成), Shangguan ZP ( 上官周平 ) ( 2007). Effects of nitrogen application rate on nitrate reductase activity, nitric oxide content and gas exchange in winter wheat leaves. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 18, 1447-1452. (in Chinese with English abstract) URL PMID
24	Zhang YL ( 张永丽), Li YM ( 李雁鸣), Xiao K ( 肖凯), Wang FC ( 王凤彩 ) ( 2006). Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus application rate on population growth and grain yield of hybrid wheat C6-38/Py85-1. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 17, 1599-1603. (in Chinese with English abstract) URL PMID
25	Zhao JY ( 赵俊晔), Yu ZW ( 于振文 ) ( 2006). Effect of nitrogen fertilizer rate on photosynthetic rate and photochemical efficiency of flag leaf, grain yield and protein content of winter wheat. Journal of Triticeae Crops (麦类作物学报), 26(5), 92-96. (in Chinese with English abstract)

[1]	熊淑萍, 曹文博, 曹锐, 张志勇, 付新露, 徐赛俊, 潘虎强, 王小纯, 马新明. 水平结构配置对冬小麦冠层垂直结构、微环境及产量的影响[J]. 植物生态学报, 2022, 46(2): 188-196.
[2]	王银柳, 耿倩倩, 黄建辉, 王常慧, 李磊, 哈斯木其尔, 牛国祥. 氮肥和种植密度对达乌里胡枝子的生长与生物固氮的影响[J]. 植物生态学报, 2021, 45(1): 13-22.
[3]	字洪标, 陈焱, 胡雷, 王长庭. 氮肥添加对川西北高寒草甸植物群落根系动态的影响[J]. 植物生态学报, 2018, 42(1): 38-49.
[4]	徐静馨, 郑有飞, 麦博儒, 赵辉, 储仲芳, 黄积庆, 袁月. 基于涡度相关法的麦田O₃干沉降及不同沉降通道分配的特征[J]. 植物生态学报, 2017, 41(6): 670-682.
[5]	高林, 王晓菲, 顾行发, 田庆久, 焦俊男, 王培燕, 李丹. 植冠下土壤类型差异对遥感估算冬小麦叶面积指数的影响[J]. 植物生态学报, 2017, 41(12): 1273-1288.
[6]	郑成岩, 邓艾兴, LATIFMANESHHojatollah, 宋振伟, 张俊, 王利, 张卫建. 增温对青藏高原冬小麦干物质积累转运及氮吸收利用的影响[J]. 植物生态学报, 2017, 41(10): 1060-1068.
[7]	金皖豫, 李铭, 何杨辉, 杜正刚, 邵钧炯, 张国栋, 周灵燕, 周旭辉. 不同施氮水平对冬小麦生长期土壤呼吸的影响[J]. 植物生态学报, 2015, 39(3): 249-257.
[8]	王清奎, 李艳鹏, 张方月, 贺同鑫. 短期施氮肥降低杉木幼林土壤的根系和微生物呼吸[J]. 植物生态学报, 2015, 39(12): 1166-1175.
[9]	宾振钧, 王静静, 张文鹏, 徐当会, 程雪寒, 李柯杰, 曹德昊. 氮肥添加对青藏高原高寒草甸6个群落优势种生态化学计量学特征的影响[J]. 植物生态学报, 2014, 38(3): 231-237.
[10]	黄彩霞, 柴守玺, 赵德明, 康燕霞. 灌溉对干旱区冬小麦干物质积累、分配和产量的影响[J]. 植物生态学报, 2014, 38(12): 1333-1344.
[11]	李世莹,冯伟,王永华,王晨阳,郭天财. 宽幅播种带间距对冬小麦冠层特征及产量的影响[J]. 植物生态学报, 2013, 37(8): 758-767.
[12]	熊淑萍,张娟娟,杨阳,刘娟,王晓航,吴延鹏,马新明. 不同冬小麦品种在3种质地土壤中氮代谢特征及利用效率分析[J]. 植物生态学报, 2013, 37(7): 601-610.
[13]	杨斌, 谢甫绨, 温学发, 孙晓敏, 王建林. 华北平原农田土壤蒸发δ¹⁸O的日变化特征及其影响因素[J]. 植物生态学报, 2012, 36(6): 539-549.
[14]	袁国富, 庄伟, 罗毅. 冬小麦叶片气孔导度模型水分响应函数的参数化[J]. 植物生态学报, 2012, 36(5): 463-470.
[15]	朱治林,孙晓敏,赵风华,温学发,唐新斋,袁国富. 鲁西北平原冬小麦田臭氧浓度变化特征及对产量的潜在影响和机理分析[J]. 植物生态学报, 2012, 36(4): 313-323.