林隙与林下环境对锐齿槲栎和米心水青冈种群更新的影响

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2005.0046

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

锐齿槲栎 (Quercusalienavar.acuteserrata ) 和米心水青冈 (Fagusengleriana) 是广泛分布在我国暖温带和亚热带山地中海拔地段的主要建群种, 对水土保持和维持生态系统稳定具重要意义。该文通过在神农架地区的典型样地调查, 分析了这 2个种群在林隙和林下不同光环境中的更新状况和径级结构 ;利用便携式Licor₆ 4 0 0光合仪测量了 2种苗木的光饱和及光诱导曲线, 探讨了光对这 2个树种更新的影响机理。实验结果表明, 在所调查的林地中, 锐齿槲栎和米心水青冈种群都有充足的幼苗库, 锐齿槲栎幼苗以实生为主, 米心水青冈幼苗以萌生为主 ;从幼苗到幼树的转化过程中, 锐齿槲栎的成活率几乎为零, 而米心水青冈的成活率约为 6 %~ 8% ;在两者的混交林中, 米心水青冈种群呈稳定的金字塔形年龄结构, 而锐齿槲栎则是某一生长阶段的种群占据主导地位。光饱和曲线显示, 对 2年生同生群苗木, 在林窗下, 锐齿槲栎的最大净光合速率 (4.6 1μmol·m-2 ·s-1) 比米心水青冈的 (4.16 μmol·m-2 ·s-1) 要高 ;而在林冠下, 米心水青冈的最大净光合速率 (Pn=3.89μmol·m-2 ·s-1) 比锐齿槲栎的最大净光合速率 (Pn=3.6 8μmol·m-2 ·s-1) 要高。无论在林窗下或林冠下, 米心水青冈幼苗的光饱和点比锐齿槲栎的要低。两者混交林下的光诱导曲线显示, 与米心水青冈幼苗相比, 锐齿槲栎幼苗对光的反应速度较慢, 最大净光合速率也较低, 在林冠下表现出较弱的竞争力。资源分配试验证明, 锐齿槲栎在幼苗阶段以地上部分生长为主, 而米心水青冈倾向于把更多的干物质贮藏在根部, 显示出不同的光利用策略。

关键词: 幼苗, 幼树, 种群结构, 净光合速率, 光诱导, 资源分配

Abstract:

Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata and Fagus engleriana are important species in the temperate and subtropical middle-elevation mountainous areas of China. In this study, we investigated the regeneration dynamics, diameter size class distributions, and the light response curve of these two species to better understand the effects of light availability on the regeneration of Q. aliena var. acuteserrata and F. engleriana. The results showed that both species had a high abundance of seedlings in the field, but the survival rate from seedling to sapling stage was nearly zero for Q. aliena var. acuteserrata and only 6%-8% for F. engleriana. In the mixed-forest that contained both species, the population of F. engleriana showed a stable pyramidal age structure, but the size structure of Q. aliena var. acuteserrata was dominated by a few cohorts of trees that were able to establish within a short time period. From the light saturation response curve of the two-year old cohort, Q. aliena var. acuteserrata seedlings in gaps had a higher maximum photosynthetic rate (4.61 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 ) than F. engleriana (4.16 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 ) and, for the seedlings under canopy, F. engleriana had higher maximum photosynthetic rate (3.89 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 ) than Q. aliena var. acuteserrata ( 3.68 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 ). Moreover, seedlings of F. engleriana reached maximum photosynthetic rates with lower photosynthetic photon flux density than Q. aliena var. acuteserrata. The light induction curve indicated that both the response speed and the maximum photosynthetic rate of Q. aliena var. acuteserrata understorey seedlings were lower than that of F. engleriana, which demonstrated different competitive abilities and shade-tolerance characteristics of the two species. Resource allocation experiments showed that Q. aliena var. acuteserrata seedlings allocated more biomass to above-ground growth whereas F. engleriana seedlings allocated more biomass to under-ground growth. These results are consistent with the different light use strategies of the two species.

Key words: Seedlings, Saplings, Population structure, Net photosynthetic rate, Light induction, Resource allocation

陈志刚, 樊大勇, 张旺锋, 谢宗强. 林隙与林下环境对锐齿槲栎和米心水青冈种群更新的影响. 植物生态学报, 2005, 29(3): 354-360. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2005.0046

CHEN Zhi-Gang, FAN Da-Yong, ZHANG Wang-Feng, XIE Zong-Qiang. EFFECTS OF GAP AND UNDERSTORY EVIRONMENTS ON THE REGENERATION OF QUERCUS ALIENA VAR. ACUTESERRATA AND FAGUS ENGLERIANA. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2005, 29(3): 354-360. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2005.0046

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2005.0046

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2005/V29/I3/354

图/表 9

表1 锐齿槲栎和米心水青冈林的实验样地概况

Table 1 The experimental plots of Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata and Fagus engleriana in Shennongjia, Hubei

地点 Sites	林分 Forest type	经度 Longitude	纬度 Altitude	海拔 Elevation	坡向 Aspect	坡度 Slope
彩旗夹槽Caiqijiacao	混交林 Mixed forest	110°26.28′E	31°28.66′N	1 860 m	255°	33°
道窝坑Daowokeng	锐齿槲栎林Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata	110°21.57′E	31°29.38′N	1 835 m	85°	34°
三十六拐Sanshiliuguai	米心水青冈林Fagus engleriana	110°29.44′E	31°19.04′N	1 720 m	305°	49°

表2 锐齿槲栎和米心水青冈的林窗下更新

Table 2 The regeneration of Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata and Fagus engleriana in gaps in Shennongjia, Hubei

	林窗1 Gap1		林窗2 Gap2		林窗3 Gap3
	幼苗 Seedlings	幼树 Saplings	幼苗 Seedlings	幼树 Saplings	幼苗 Seedlings	幼树 Saplings
锐齿槲栎Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata	243 (3)	0	190 (1)	0	233 (5)	0
米心水青冈Fagus engleriana	89 (88)	5 (5)	43 (43)	1 (1)	77 (77)	7 (7)

表3 锐齿槲栎和米心水青冈的林冠下更新

Table 3 The regeneration of Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata and Fagus engleriana under canopy in Shennongjia, Hubei

	林冠下1 Understory1		林冠下2 Understory2		林冠下3 Understory3
	幼苗 Seedlings	幼树 Saplings	幼苗 Seedlings	幼树 Saplings	幼苗 Seedlings	幼树 Saplings
锐齿槲栎Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata	131 (3)	0	144 (2)	1 (0)	107 (3)	0
米心水青冈Fagus engleriana	189 (187)	18 (16)	87 (87)	4 (4)	71 (71)	5 (5)

图1 不同光梯度下锐齿槲栎幼苗叶片的光饱和曲线

Fig.1 Light saturation curves of the leaves of seedlings of Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata at different light gradient

图2 不同光梯度下米心水青冈幼苗叶片的光饱和曲线

Fig.2 Light saturation curves of the leaves of seedlings of Fagusengleriana at different light gradient

表4 锐齿槲栎和米心水青冈在混交林中的重要值

Table 4 The importance value of Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata and Fagus engleriana in the mixed forest in Shennongjia, Hubei

	相对密度 Relative density	相对优势度 Relative dominance	相对频度 Relative frequency	重要值 Importance value
锐齿槲栎Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata	62.06	55.56	39.65	52.4
米心水青冈Fagus engleriana	15.09	72.22	53.17	46.8

图3 锐齿槲栎-米心水青冈混交林的径级分布

Fig.3 The distribution of the diameter size of the mixed forest of Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata and Fagus engleriana

图4 米心水青冈和锐齿槲栎幼苗的光诱导响应过程

Fig.4 The process of the light induction of seedlings of Fagus engleriana and Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata

图5 锐齿槲栎与米心水青冈两年生幼苗的资源分配

Fig.5 Resource allocation of two-year-old seedlings of Quercusaliena var. acuteserrata and Fagus engleriana

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