高山植物唐古特山莨菪和唐古特大黄对强太阳辐射光能的利用和耗散特性

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2007.0016

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以西宁地区人工栽培的唐古特山莨菪(Anisodus tanguticus)和唐古特大黄(Rheum tanguticum)为材料,比较研究了两典型高山植物对青藏高原强太阳辐射光能的利用和耗散特性。PSⅡ反应中心的最大光化学效率(F_v/F_m)、实际光化学量子效率(Φ_PSⅡ)和光合功能的相对限制(L_(PDF))的分析表明,强太阳辐射会导致光合作用的光抑制,但并不造成PSⅡ反应中心的不可逆破坏。猝灭分析表明,唐古特山莨菪的光化学猝灭系数(q_P)显著小于唐古特大黄,非光化学猝灭(NPQ)和(q_N)则相反(p<0.05),意味着唐古特山莨菪将PSⅡ反应中心吸收的过剩光能以热耗散等非光化学过程消耗的能力大于唐古特大黄,因而降低了用于光化学反应的份额。q_N的3组分中,q_Nf所占比例较大;尽管相对份额很小,中午强光下两高山植物的q_Nm都有增大趋势,表明它在过剩光能的非光化学耗散中也起重要作用。NPQ_S和q_Ns的日变化趋势很相似;同样,NPQ_F为NPQ的主要组分,且唐古特山莨菪的NPQ_F和q_Nf都显著大于唐古特大黄(p<0.05)。唐古特山莨菪PSⅡ天线色素吸收光能中分配于光化学反应的相对份额(P)始终低于唐古特大黄,而用于天线热能耗散的相对份额(D)则大于唐古特大黄,两者都具有极显著差异(p<0.01)。以上结果表明,唐古特山莨菪的Φ_PSⅡ较唐古特大黄小是因为PSⅡ天线色素吸收的光能中分配于光化学反应的相对份额或光化学猝灭的比例较小,而分配于天线热耗散的相对份额或非光化学过程的比例较大的缘故。唐古特山莨菪的NPQ和q_N较大,与NPQ_F和q_Nf以及NPQ_S和q_Ns都显著大于唐古特大黄有关(p<0.05)。

关键词: 青藏高原, 高山植物, 叶绿素荧光参数, 热能耗散

Abstract:

Aims The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is characterized by high elevation, thin atmosphere and high solar transparency. Strong solar radiation is a major stress factors during the growing season. Means of defense and dissipation of strong solar radiation rarely have been explored. Our objective is to determine solar utilization and dissipation characters in two native alpine plants, Anisodus tanguticus and Rheum tanguticum.

Methods We used data obtained from a portable pulse amplitude modulation fluorometer (FMS-2, Hansatech Co., UK) to explain the characteristics of utilization and dissipation and components of non-photochemical quenching.

Important findings Strong solar radiation could cause the photoinhibition of photosynthesis, but this constitutes reversible destruction to PSⅡ reaction center in both alpine plants. Quenching analysis of chlorophyll fluorescence indicated thatA. tanguticus could dissipate more excess excitation energy in PSⅡ antennae through non-photochemistry progress thanR. tanguticum, as the fraction of energy utilized in photochemistry was decreasing. Dark relaxation kinetics analysis showed that “fast" component q_Nf was the main fraction of q_N, then “slow" component q_Ns. “Middle" component q_Nm was lower than q_Ns, but it had an increasing tendency accompanied increased light at noon, which indicated that q_Nm still played an important role in non-photochemical quenching. Diurnal variations of NPQ_S and q_Ns were similar in the two plants; the same as q_Nf, rapidly relaxing quenching NPQ_F was also the main component in non-photochemical quenching NPQ, and both NPQ_F and q_Nf were significantly higher in A. tanguticus than in R. tanguticum (p<0.05). The fraction of light energy absorbed in PSⅡ antennae, which is utilized in PSⅡ photochemistry (P), was significantly lower in A. tanguticus than in R. tanguticum (p<0.01), but the fraction that was dissipated thermally (D) was significantly higher in A. tanguticus than in R. tanguticum (p<0.01). The midday depression of the excess excitation that was neither utilized in photosynthetic electron transport nor dissipated thermally (Excess) showed that there was a light stress acclimation in the two alpine plants. The study indicates relatively lower proportion of P and q_P in A. tanguticus than in R. tanguticum and the higher fraction of D and NPQ and q_N, so actual photochemistry efficiency Φ_PSⅡ was lower in A. tanguticus than in R. tanguticum. Higher level of NPQ and q_N mainly results from the NPQ_F and q_Nf, as well as NPQ_S and q_Ns in A. tanguticus compared to R. tanguticum.

Key words: Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, alpine plants, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, thermal dissipation

师生波, 李和平, 王学英, 李惠梅, 韩发. 高山植物唐古特山莨菪和唐古特大黄对强太阳辐射光能的利用和耗散特性. 植物生态学报, 2007, 31(1): 129-137. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2007.0016

SHI Sheng-Bo, LI He-Ping, WANG Xue-Ying, LI Hui-Mei, HAN Fa. UTILIZATION AND DISSIPATION OF STRONG SOLAR RADIATION IN TWO ALPINE PLANTS, ANISODUS TANGUTICUS AND RHEUM TANGUTICUM. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2007, 31(1): 129-137. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2007.0016

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2007.0016

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2007/V31/I1/129

图/表 6

图1 唐古特山莨菪和唐古特大黄的最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)和实际量子效率(ΦPSⅡ)的日变化以及光合功能的相对限制(L(PFD))估计

Fig.1 Diurnal courses of maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) and actual quantum efficiency (ΦPSⅡ) of PSⅡ and its relative limitation of photosynthetic function (L(PFD)) in Anisodus tanguticus and Rheum tanguticum —◇—:Anisodus tanguticus —◆—:Rheum tanguticum

图2 唐古特山莨菪和唐古特大黄的光化学和非光化学猝灭过程的日变化 —◇—、—◆—:同图1 See Fig. 1

Fig.2 Diurnal courses of photochemical (qP) and non-photochemical (qN) fluorescence quenching coefficient and non-photochemical fluorescence quenching (NPQ) in Anisodus tanguticus and Rheum tanguticum

图3 唐古特山莨菪和唐古特大黄非光化学猝灭3组分的日变化 —◇—、—◆—:同图1 See Fig. 1

Fig.3 Diurnal courses of “fast", “middle" and “slow" components ( qNf, qNm and qNs) of the non-photochemical fluorescence quenching in Anisodus tanguticus and Rheum tanguticum

图4 唐古特山莨菪和唐古特大黄非光化学猝灭的快驰豫和慢驰豫部分的日变化 —◇—、—◆—:同图1 See Fig. 1

Fig.4 Diurnal courses of rapidly and slowly relaxing (NPQF and NPQS) of non-photochemical fluorescence quenching in Anisodus tanguticus and Rheum tanguticum

图5 唐古特山莨菪和唐古特大黄PSⅡ天线色素吸收光能在光化学电子传递和热能耗散等方面的分配 —◇—、—◆—:同图1 See Fig. 1

Fig.5 Diurnal courses of the fractions of light absorbed in PSⅡ antennae that is utilized in photochemistry transport (P) and dissipated thermally (D), and the rest that is neither utilized nor dissipated thermally (Excess) in Anisodus tanguticus and Rheum tanguticum

图6 唐古特山莨菪和唐古特大黄初始荧光参数Fo的日变化 —◇—、—◆—:同图1 See Fig. 1

Fig.6 Diurnal courses of the initial fluorescence intensity (Fo) in Anisodus tanguticus and Rheum tanguticum

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