猫儿山两种孑遗植物的更新状况和空间分布格局分析

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00144

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于广西猫儿山自然保护区两块不同海拔的1 hm²样地在2002年和2008年的两次调查数据和资料, 采用相对邻体密度指数Ω_r, 来衡量物种的空间格局和聚集程度。具体分析了现存水青冈(Fagus longipetiolata)和南方铁杉(Tsuga chinensis var. tchekiangensis)两种古老孑遗植物在猫儿山的空间分布格局和生长更新状况。对其更新状况和径级结构分析后得知, 水青冈在2002年和2008年径级结构基本一致, 呈现反J型(类似于“L”形状)分布。南方铁杉在2002年和2008年个体的径级都主要集中在20-36 cm范围内, 呈现类正态分布。两物种6年间均未有新增个体产生, 均存在一定程度的更新困难。通过相对邻体密度点格局分析发现: 两物种在不同尺度上的分布格局不同, 水青冈在取样尺度小于11 m时, 表现为显著聚集分布, 而南方铁杉在取样尺度2-20 m之间表现为显著聚集分布。空间分布点图显示: 水青冈在样地中分布面积较广, 而南方铁杉的分布仅集中在猫儿山八角田样地的西南角。针对现状, 要解决两孑遗物种的存活和发展问题, 应该及时采取就地保护、人工辅助更新和迁地保护等综合措施增加种群多度和扩大种群分布面积。

关键词: 水青冈, 点格局, 更新, 相对邻体密度, 孑遗植物, 南方铁杉

Abstract:

Aims Current knowledge about tree distributions in species-rich communities is almost exclusively derived from tropical rain forests. The Natural Reserve of Mao’ershan Mountain has complicated landforms and high biodiversity, including relic plants. Our objective was to analyze distribution patterns and regeneration conditions of two relic plants to find survival conditions and coexistence mechanisms.
Methods Using a stem map of two 1 hm² permanent plots at different altitudes in the Mao’ershan Mountain Natural Reserve, we analyzed the distribution pattern, regeneration condition and size distribution of two relic plants: Tsuga chinensis var. tchekiangensis and Fagus longipetiolata. Spatial patterns were analyzed by R program. Confidence intervals were generated from 999 Monte Carlo simulations under the null hypothesis of complete spatial randomness.
Important findings Regeneration conditions and size distribution of both species determined no new individuals had appeared in six years. Diameter at breast height (DBH) classes for 2002 and 2008 were inverse J type for F. longipetiolata and normal distribution for T. chinensis var. tchekiangensis. Both species have regeneration problems. There were fewer individuals of T. chinensis than F. longipetiolata. Continuously sampling data to analyze spatial point pattern using the relative neighborhood density showed that both species had different distribution patterns at different scales. Fagus longipetiolata were significantly aggregated at scales <11 m, as did T. chinensis at scales from 2 to 20 m. Fagus longipetiolata was widely distributed in its plot, while T. chinensis was distributed in the southwest of the plot. Integrative measures should be adopted to protect both relic species from regeneration difficulties, such as local protection, artificially aided regeneration and ex-situ conservation to increase their populations and enlarge their areas of distribution.

Key words: Fagus longipetiolata, point pattern, regeneration, relative neighborhood density, relic plants, Tsuga chinensis var. tchekiangensis

李林, 魏识广, 黄忠良, 曹洪麟, 莫德清. 猫儿山两种孑遗植物的更新状况和空间分布格局分析. 植物生态学报, 2012, 36(2): 144-150. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00144

LI Lin, WEI Shi-Guang, HUANG Zhong-Liang, CAO Hong-Lin, MO De-Qing. Regenerative condition and analysis of spatial distribution pattern of two relic plants in Mao’ershan Mountain, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2012, 36(2): 144-150. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00144

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https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2012/V36/I2/144

图/表 6

表1 猫儿山自然保护区两个样地的位置及环境因子

Table 1 Location and environmental factors of two plots in Mao’ershan Mountain Nature Reserve

样地 Plot	海拔 Elevation (m)	坡度 Slope (°)	坡向 Slope aspect	气候带 Climate zone	成土母质 Parent material	土壤类型 Soil type	林型 Forest type
红军亭 Hongjunting plot	1 450-1 500	30	南 South	山地暖温带Mountain warm temperate zone	花岗岩Granite	山地黄壤 Mountain yellow soil	常绿落叶阔叶混交林Mixed evergreen broad- leaved and deciduous forest
八角田 Bajiaotian plot	1 900-1 950	5	南 South	山地暖温带Mountain warm temperate zone	板岩 Shale	山地沼泽泥炭土 Mountain swamp peat soil	常绿落叶针阔叶混交林Evergreen broad-leaved deciduous and needle mixed forest

表2 两个样地重要值排前5位的物种列表

Table 2 List of the first five species based on important value in two plots

八角田样地 Bajiaotian plot			红军亭样地 Hongjunting plot
种名 Species name	多度Abundance	重要值 Important value	种名 Species name	多度Abundance	重要值 Important value
南方铁杉 Tsuga chinensis var. tchekiangensis	63	40.9	水青冈 Fagus longipetiolata	340	51.7
褐叶青冈 Cyclobalanopsis stewardiana	423	37.4	小叶青冈 Cyclobalanopsis myrsinifolia	145	17.0
大八角 Illicium majus	226	32.8	榕叶冬青 Ilex ficoidea	221	15.5
西南红山茶 Camellia pitardii	234	13.0	鹿角锥 Castanopsis lamontii	56	13.4
山桂花 Bennettiodendron leprosipes	133	11.7	交让木 Daphniphyllum macropodum	86	9.6

表3 2002和2008年水青冈和南方铁杉更新状况统计表

Table 3 List of regenerative conditions for Fagus longipetiolata and Tsuga chinensis var. tchekiangensis in 2002 and 2008

生活状态 Life status	2002	2008
生活状态 Life status	活 Live	活 Live	死亡 Dead	倒伏 Lodge	新增 New
水青冈个体数 Fagus longipetiolata individual number	340	330	10	0	0
南方铁杉个体数 Tsuga chinensis var. tchekiangensis individual number	63	61	2	1	0

图1 2002与2008年水青冈和南方铁杉径级分布。A1, 2002年水青冈。A2, 2008年水青冈。B1, 2002年南方铁杉。B2, 2008年南方铁杉。

Fig. 1 Diameter at breast height (DBH) classes distribution of Fagus longipetiolata and Tsuga chinensis var. tchekiangensis in 2002 and 2008. A1, Fagus longipetiolata in 2002. A2, Fagus longipetiolata in 2008. B1, Tsuga chinensis var. tchekiangensis in 2002. B2, Tsuga chinensis var. tchekiangensis in 2008.

图2 两个样地内水青冈和南方铁杉的点格局分析结果。A, 水青冈。B, 南方铁杉。实点线为相对邻体密度指数(Ωr)值。虚线为Ωr的上下包迹线。

Fig. 2 Results of point pattern analysis for Fagus longipetiolata and Tsuga chinensis var. tchekiangensis in two plots. A, Fagus longipetiolata. B, Tsuga chinensis var. tchekiangensis. Real line is the relative neighborhood density index (Ωr) value. Dashed-lines correspond to the upper and lower envelopes of Ωr.

图3 两个样地内水青冈和南方铁杉的空间分布。A, 红军亭样地内水青冈空间分布。B, 八角田样地内南方铁杉空间分布, 竖直向上表示正北方向。

Fig. 3 Spatial distribution for Fagus longipetiolata and Tsuga chinensis var. tchekiangensis in two plots. A, Spatial distribution of Fagus longipetiolata in Hongjunting plot. B, Spatial distribution of Tsuga chinensis var. tchekiangensis in Bajiaotian plot. Up flowing vertically indicate north direction.

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