纳帕海高原湿地不同干扰强度下土壤真菌的分布格局

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00112

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

将无干扰的原生沼泽作为对照, 运用比较法研究了纳帕海高原湿地不同干扰强度下形成的湿地利用类型, 即沼泽(无干扰)、沼泽化草甸(轻度干扰)、草甸(中度干扰)和垦后湿地(重度干扰) 4个湿地利用类型的碳氮含量及其分布格局, 揭示干扰对纳帕海不同湿地利用类型碳氮及土壤真菌分布的影响。研究表明: (1) 4个湿地利用类型上下层土壤有机质(SOM)、全氮(TN)、碳氮比(C:N)和pH值均有显著的差异性(p < 0.01), 并且随着干扰强度的增大, SOM和TN含量逐渐减少。(2)土壤真菌经PDA培养基培养后计数, 在同一湿地类型上层的真菌数量大于下层, 随着干扰强度的增加, 真菌的数量逐渐增加。相关性分析表明: 真菌的数量与pH值、SOM和TN呈极显著负相关, 与C:N呈显著正相关。(3)系统发育研究表明: 纳帕海湿地分布有土壤真菌Ascomycota、Basidiomycota和Zygomycota, 其中Ascomycota是优势类群, 在高原湿地土壤碳氮分解等物质循环过程中Ascomycota处于主导地位。

关键词: 碳, 干扰强度, 氮, 高原湿地, 土壤真菌

Abstract: Aims The study was undertaken to reveal the effects of disturbance on carbon, nitrogen and soil fungi distribution patterns in Napahai wetland.Methods Changes in soil carbon and nitrogen and ecological characteristics of soil fungi were studied across wetlands of varying levels of disturbance, including primitive marsh (non-disturbance), swampy meadow (low disturbance), meadow (moderate disturbance), and cultivated wetland (high disturbance). Important findings (1) In both upper and lower soil layers, soil organic matter (SOM), total nitrogen (TN), C:N and pH significantly differed (p < 0.01) among the four wetland types; SOM and TN decreased with increasing level of disturbance. (2) Following the culture on PDA medium, the abundance of soil fungi was greater in the upper layer than in the lower layer within the same type of wetland soil; with increasing level of disturbance, the abundance of fungi gradually increased, and the abundance of fungi was negatively correlated with pH value, SOM and TN, and positively correlated with C:N (2-tail test, p < 0.05). (3) Phylogenetic analysis shows that the soil fungi in Napahai wetland occur as Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Zygomycota, with Ascomycota being the dominant type and playing a key role in decomposition of soil carbon and nitrogen in plateau wetland.

Key words: carbon, disturbance intensity, nitrogen, plateau wetland, soil fungi

曹萍麟,陆梅,田昆,吕思彤,杨洪昇,姚茜,李丽萍,岳海涛. 纳帕海高原湿地不同干扰强度下土壤真菌的分布格局. 植物生态学报, 2014, 38(11): 1166-1173. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00112

CAO Ping-Lin,LU Mei,TIAN Kun,LÜ Si-Tong,YANG Hong-Sheng,YAO Xi,LI Li-Ping,YUE Hai-Tao. Soil fungi distribution patterns under different levels of disturbance in the wetland of Napahai Plateau. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2014, 38(11): 1166-1173. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00112

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https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2014/V38/I11/1166

图/表 6

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土壤理化指标 Soil physicochemical variable	土层 Soil layer (cm)	垦后湿地(重度干扰) Cultivated wetland (high disturbance)	草甸(中度干扰) Meadow (moderate disturbance)	沼泽化草甸(轻度干扰) Swampy meadow (low disturbance)	原生沼泽(无干扰) Marsh (non-disturbance)
有机质 Organic matter (g·kg^-1)	0-20	64.60 ± 6.38^a	72.52 ± 2.73^b	85.01 ± 2.06^c	90.98 ± 3.99^d
有机质 Organic matter (g·kg^-1)	20-40	59.48 ± 2.82^a	73.74 ± 2.54^b	87.23 ± 0.85^c	92.12 ± 3.02^d
全氮 Total nitrogen (g·kg^-1)	0-20	0.74 ± 0.01^a	1.15 ± 0.03^b	1.46 ± 0.02^c	2.51 ± 0.13^d
全氮 Total nitrogen (g·kg^-1)	20-40	0.66 ± 0.03^a	0.84 ± 0.22^a	1.43 ± 0.09^b	1.95 ± 0.08^c
碳氮比 C:N	0-20	87.44 ± 8.70^a	62.87 ± 2.60^b	58.26 ± 2.11^b	36.26 ± 3.12^b
碳氮比 C:N	20-40	90.76 ± 7.43^a	29.77 ± 6.95^b	40.09 ± 2.13^c	47.31 ± 2.91^d
pH值 pH value	0-20	7.61 ± 0.29^a	5.65 ± 0.12^b	7.82 ± 0.16^a	7.84 ± 0.07^a
pH值 pH value	20-40	7.50 ± 0.20^a	6.97 ± 0.51^b	7.87 ± 0.23^c	7.91 ± 0.07^c

土壤理化指标 Soil physicochemical variable	土层 Soil layer (cm)	垦后湿地(重度干扰) Cultivated wetland (high disturbance)	草甸(中度干扰) Meadow (moderate disturbance)	沼泽化草甸(轻度干扰) Swampy meadow (low disturbance)	原生沼泽(无干扰) Marsh (non-disturbance)
有机质 Organic matter (g·kg^-1)	0-20	64.60 ± 6.38^a	72.52 ± 2.73^b	85.01 ± 2.06^c	90.98 ± 3.99^d
有机质 Organic matter (g·kg^-1)	20-40	59.48 ± 2.82^a	73.74 ± 2.54^b	87.23 ± 0.85^c	92.12 ± 3.02^d
全氮 Total nitrogen (g·kg^-1)	0-20	0.74 ± 0.01^a	1.15 ± 0.03^b	1.46 ± 0.02^c	2.51 ± 0.13^d
全氮 Total nitrogen (g·kg^-1)	20-40	0.66 ± 0.03^a	0.84 ± 0.22^a	1.43 ± 0.09^b	1.95 ± 0.08^c
碳氮比 C:N	0-20	87.44 ± 8.70^a	62.87 ± 2.60^b	58.26 ± 2.11^b	36.26 ± 3.12^b
碳氮比 C:N	20-40	90.76 ± 7.43^a	29.77 ± 6.95^b	40.09 ± 2.13^c	47.31 ± 2.91^d
pH值 pH value	0-20	7.61 ± 0.29^a	5.65 ± 0.12^b	7.82 ± 0.16^a	7.84 ± 0.07^a
pH值 pH value	20-40	7.50 ± 0.20^a	6.97 ± 0.51^b	7.87 ± 0.23^c	7.91 ± 0.07^c

湿地类型 Wetland type	土层 Soil layer (cm)	平板菌落 No. of plate culture count	菌落单元数(CFU·g^-1)(平均值±标准误差) Numbers of colony-forming units (mean ± SE)
垦后湿地(重度干扰) Cultivated wetland (high disturbance)	0-20	23.30	(23.30 ± 0.63) × 10^3a
垦后湿地(重度干扰) Cultivated wetland (high disturbance)	20-40	15.35	(15.35 ± 0.20) × 10^3a
草甸(中度干扰) Meadow (moderate disturbance)	0-20	15.98	(15.98 ± 0.14) × 10^3b
草甸(中度干扰) Meadow (moderate disturbance)	20-40	12.44	(12.44 ± 0.21) × 10^3b
沼泽化草甸(轻度干扰) Swampy meadow (low disturbance)	0-20	5.06	(5.06 ± 0.11) × 10^3c
沼泽化草甸(轻度干扰) Swampy meadow (low disturbance)	20-40	2.72	(2.72 ± 0.10) × 10^3c
原生沼泽(无干扰) Marsh (non-disturbance)	0-20	1.79	(1.79 ± 0.06) × 10^3d
原生沼泽(无干扰) Marsh (non-disturbance)	20-40	1.00	(1.00 ± 0.08) × 10^3d

湿地类型 Wetland type	土层 Soil layer (cm)	平板菌落 No. of plate culture count	菌落单元数(CFU·g^-1)(平均值±标准误差) Numbers of colony-forming units (mean ± SE)
垦后湿地(重度干扰) Cultivated wetland (high disturbance)	0-20	23.30	(23.30 ± 0.63) × 10^3a
垦后湿地(重度干扰) Cultivated wetland (high disturbance)	20-40	15.35	(15.35 ± 0.20) × 10^3a
草甸(中度干扰) Meadow (moderate disturbance)	0-20	15.98	(15.98 ± 0.14) × 10^3b
草甸(中度干扰) Meadow (moderate disturbance)	20-40	12.44	(12.44 ± 0.21) × 10^3b
沼泽化草甸(轻度干扰) Swampy meadow (low disturbance)	0-20	5.06	(5.06 ± 0.11) × 10^3c
沼泽化草甸(轻度干扰) Swampy meadow (low disturbance)	20-40	2.72	(2.72 ± 0.10) × 10^3c
原生沼泽(无干扰) Marsh (non-disturbance)	0-20	1.79	(1.79 ± 0.06) × 10^3d
原生沼泽(无干扰) Marsh (non-disturbance)	20-40	1.00	(1.00 ± 0.08) × 10^3d

	全氮 Total nitrogen	有机质 Organic matter	碳氮比 C:N	真菌数量 No. of fungi	pH
全氮 Total nitrogen	1
有机质 Organic matter	0.852^**	1
碳氮比 C:N	-0.932^**	-0.772^**	1
真菌数量 No. of fungi	-0.887^**	-0.936^*	0.893^**	1
pH	0.344^*	0.358^*	-0.150	-0.382^*	1