模拟根系分泌物C:N化学计量特征对川西亚高山森林土壤碳动态和微生物群落结构的影响

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2015.0045

植物生态学报 ›› 2015, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (5): 466-476.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0045 cstr: 32100.14.cjpe.2015.0045

所属专题：生态化学计量

模拟根系分泌物C:N化学计量特征对川西亚高山森林土壤碳动态和微生物群落结构的影响

梁儒彪^1,², 梁进¹, 乔明锋^1,², 徐振锋³, 刘庆¹, 尹华军^1*()

¹中国科学院成都生物研究所, 中国科学院山地生态恢复与生物资源利用重点实验室, 生态恢复与生物多样性保育四川省重点实验室, 成都 610041
²中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
³四川农业大学生态林业研究所, 四川林业生态工程重点实验室, 成都 611130

收稿日期:2014-12-08 接受日期:2015-03-17 出版日期:2015-05-01 发布日期:2015-05-26
作者简介:
*作者简介:E-mail:chengliu6542@gmail.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31270552和31170423)、中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA05050303)和中国科学院成都生物研究所青年研究员计划项目(Y3B2031100)

Effects of simulated exudate C:N stoichiometry on dynamics of carbon and microbial community composition in a subalpine coniferous forest of western Sichuan, China

LIANG Ru-Biao^1,², LIANG Jin¹, QIAO Ming-Feng^1,², XU Zhen-Feng³, LIU Qing¹, YIN Hua-Jun^1,^*()

¹Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
²University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
and ³Key Laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering in Sichuan, Institute of Ecology & Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China

Received:2014-12-08 Accepted:2015-03-17 Online:2015-05-01 Published:2015-05-26
About author:
# Co-first authors

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目前有关森林根系分泌物及其诱导的土壤生态学效应研究主要关注根系碳(C)源输入, 而极少关注根系分泌物氮(N)源输入及其伴随的C:N化学计量特征对土壤过程和功能的影响, 极大地限制了我们对森林根系-土壤-微生物互作机制的深入认识。该研究以川西亚高山天然林和云杉(Picea asperata)人工林土壤为对象, 模拟配制不同C:N化学计量特征(只有N、C:N = 10、C:N = 50、C:N = 100和只有C处理)的根系分泌物溶液进行人工添加试验, 以探究根系分泌物化学计量特征对两种林分土壤碳动态及其微生物群落结构的影响差异。结果表明: 模拟根系分泌物C添加总体促进了两种林分土壤有机质分解激发效应而降低了土壤总碳(TC)含量, 而N添加在一定程度上缓和了两种林分土壤TC含量的降低幅度, 且C添加导致天然林土壤TC含量的降低幅度明显低于土壤N有效性更低的人工林。几种根系分泌物添加处理对两种林分土壤活性和惰性碳库的影响无明显规律。另外, 根系分泌物C添加总体降低了天然林土壤微生物总磷脂脂肪酸(PLFA)含量和细菌、放线菌、真菌PLFA含量, 而总体增加人工林土壤微生物PLFA总量和细菌、放线菌、真菌PLFA含量, 并诱导两种林分土壤微生物群落结构(细菌:真菌相对丰度)也发生了各自不同的变化。上述结果表明森林根系分泌物N源输入和土壤N有效性共同调控根系C源输入对土壤有机质分解激发效应的方向和幅度。研究结果为深入揭示典型森林根系分泌物化学计量特征对土壤生物化学循环过程的调控机制提供了一定的理论依据。

关键词: 化学计量特征, 微生物群落, 根系分泌物, 土壤碳, 亚高山针叶林

Abstract: Aims

Exudation measurements focus exclusively on total exudate carbon (C) fluxes without considering how root-derived nitrogen (N) inputs and variable exudate stoichiometries may influence microbial activity and biogeochemical cycles. As a result, the biogeochemical consequences of exudate stoichiometry for soil C-nutrient couplings and feedbacks to environmental changes remain largely unknown. Our objective is to explore to what extent N availability modifies soil microbial processes and the dynamics of soil carbon pool induced by labile C.

Methods

We conducted a 50-day laboratory incubation experiment by addition of simulated exudates varying in C:N to two coniferous forest soils: a natural forest and Picea asperata plantation. The five exudate addition treatments are C alone, N alone, and combinations of C and three N levels (C:N ratio of 10, 50 and 100).

Important findings

The addition of labile C exudates decreased soil total C for both natural forest and the plantation by stimulating soil organic matter (SOM) mineralization (i.e. greater priming effect), while the addition of N decreased total C. The decreased soil total C induced by exogenous labile C addition was greater in the plantation than that in the natural forest. The influence of exudate additions produced no significant influence on labile and recalcitrant carbon pools at either soil. The addition of labile C exudate decreased the total phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA), actinomycetic, bacterial and fungal PLFA for the natural forest, but increased them in the plantation. Moreover, the microbial community composition (i.e. the value of bacterial PLFA:fungi PLFA) varied greatly among the treatments. These results indicate that both root-derived N inputs and soil N availability co-regulate the direction and magnitude of priming effects on SOM decomposition by controlling the activity and the relative abundance of bacterial and fungal. Our results provide additional evidences toward a robust theoretical foundation for better understanding the ecological consequences of exudate stoichiometry on soil C cycling in forests.

Key words: exudate stoichiometry, microbial community, root exudation, soil carbon, subalpine coniferous forest

梁儒彪, 梁进, 乔明锋, 徐振锋, 刘庆, 尹华军. 模拟根系分泌物C:N化学计量特征对川西亚高山森林土壤碳动态和微生物群落结构的影响. 植物生态学报, 2015, 39(5): 466-476. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0045

LIANG Ru-Biao,LIANG Jin,QIAO Ming-Feng,XU Zhen-Feng,LIU Qing,YIN Hua-Jun. Effects of simulated exudate C:N stoichiometry on dynamics of carbon and microbial community composition in a subalpine coniferous forest of western Sichuan, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2015, 39(5): 466-476. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0045

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2015.0045

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2015/V39/I5/466

图/表 7

表1 天然林和人工林土壤理化性质(平均值±标准偏差)

Table 1 Soil physical and chemical properties in both natural forest and plantation (mean ± SD)

理化性质 Physical-chemical properties	天然林 Natural forest	人工林 Plantation
pH值 pH value	6.97 ± 0.02	6.73 ± 0.03
含水量 Water content (%)	52.52 ± 1.76	37.70 ± 2.46
总碳 Total C (mg·g^-1)	114.87 ± 1.10	49.22 ± 1.18
总氮 Total N (mg·g^-1)	8.46 ± 0.31	3.20 ± 0.12
碳氮比 C:N	13.59 ± 0.51	15.41 ± 0.55

表2 不同C:N化学计量特征的根系分泌物模拟溶液的化学组成和含量

Table 2 Chemical components and contents of simulated root exudates in different C:N stoichiometry

处理 Treatment	葡萄糖 Glucose (g)	柠檬酸 Citric acid (g)	谷氨酸 Glutamic acid (g)	氯化铵 NH₄Cl (g)	去离子水 Deionized water (mL)
对照 Control (CK)	-	-	-	-	1 000
仅添加N N-only	-	-	-	0.022 9	1 000
C:N = 10	0.075 3	0.075 3	0.016 8	0.016 8	1 000
C:N = 50	0.083 0	0.083 0	0.003 4	0.003 4	1 000
C:N = 100	0.084 0	0.084 0	0.001 7	0.001 7	1 000
仅添加C C-only	0.085 0	0.085 0	-	-	1 000

表3 不同C:N化学计量特征的根系分泌物模拟添加对天然林和人工林土壤pH的影响(平均值±标准偏差)

Table 3 Effects of simulated root exudates under different C:N stoichiometry on soil pH in both natural forest and plantation (mean ± SD)

处理 Treatment	天然林 Natural forest	人工林 Plantation
对照 Control (CK)	7.09 ± 0.02^d	7.03 ± 0.05^d
仅添加N N-only	7.26 ± 0.02^c	7.12 ± 0.02^c
C:N = 10	7.32 ± 0.03^b	7.15 ± 0.01^bc
C:N = 50	7.39 ± 0.03^a	7.20 ± 0.02^ab
C:N = 100	7.35 ± 0.03^b	7.27 ± 0.02^a
仅添加C C-only	7.26 ± 0.03^c	7.14 ± 0.02b^c

图1 不同C:N化学计量特征的根系分泌物模拟添加对天然林和人工林土壤总碳含量的影响(平均值±标准偏差)。CK, 对照; C-only, 仅添加C; N-only, 仅添加N。不同小写字母表示同一林型各处理间在p < 0.05水平上差异显著。

Fig. 1 Effects of simulated root exudates under different C:N stoichiometry on total carbon content in natural forest and the plantation (mean ± SD). CK, control. Different lowercase letters mean significant differences (p < 0.05) among treatments at a given forest type.

图2 不同C:N化学计量特征的根系分泌物模拟添加对天然林和人工林土壤活性和惰性碳库的影响(平均值±标准偏差)。A, 活性碳库I。B, 活性碳库II。C, 惰性碳库。CK, 对照; C-only, 仅添加C; N-only, 仅添加N。不同小写字母表示同一林型各处理间在p < 0.05水平上差异显著。

Fig. 2 Effects of simulated root exudates under different C:N stoichiometry on soil labile and recalcitrant carbon pool in natural forest and the plantation (mean ± SD). A, labile carbon pool I (LPI-C). B, labile carbon pool II (LPII-C). C, recalcitrant carbon pool (RP-C). CK, control. Lowercase letters mean significant differences (p < 0.05) among treatments at a given forest type.

图3 不同C:N化学计量特征的根系分泌物添加对天然林和人工林不同C:N化学计量特征根系分泌物模拟溶液对天然林和人工林土壤微生物生物量碳氮比的影响(平均值±标准偏差)。CK, 对照; C-only, 仅添加C; N-only, 仅添加N。不同小写字母表示同一林型各处理间在p < 0.05水平上差异显著。

Fig. 3 Effects of simulated root exudates under different C:N stoichiometry on ratio of (microbial biomass C : microbial biomass N) MBC:MBN in natural forest and the plantation (mean ± SD). CK, control. Lowercase letters mean significant differences (p < 0.05) among treatments at a given forest type.

图4 不同C:N化学计量特征的根系分泌物添加对天然林和人工林土壤微生物磷酸脂肪酸(PLFA)含量的影响(平均值±标准偏差)。A, 微生物总PLFA。B, 细菌PLFA。C, 放线菌PLFA。D, 真菌PLFA。E, 细菌PLFA/真菌PLFA。CK, 对照; C-only, 仅添加C; N-only, 仅添加N。不同小写字母表示同一林型各处理间在p < 0.05水平上差异显著。

Fig. 4 Effects of simulated root exudates under different C:N stoichiometry on contents of soil microbial phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) in natural forest and the plantation (mean ± SD). A, total PLFA in microbia. B, bacterial PLFA. C, actinomycetic PLFA. D, fungal PLFA. E, ratio of bacterial/fungal PLFA. CK, control. Lowercase letters mean significant differences (p < 0.05) among treatments at a given forest type.

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模拟根系分泌物C:N化学计量特征对川西亚高山森林土壤碳动态和微生物群落结构的影响

Effects of simulated exudate C:N stoichiometry on dynamics of carbon and microbial community composition in a subalpine coniferous forest of western Sichuan, China

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