内蒙古森林生态系统碳储量及其空间分布

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2015.1088

植物生态学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (4): 327-340.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.1088

内蒙古森林生态系统碳储量及其空间分布

黄晓琼^1,², 辛存林¹, 胡中民^2,^*(), 李钢铁³, 张铜会⁴, 赵玮², 杨浩², 张雷明², 郭群², 岳永杰³, 高润宏³, 乌志颜⁵, 闫志刚⁶, 刘新平⁴, 李玉强⁴, 李胜功²

¹西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院, 兰州 730070
²中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所生态系统观测与模拟实验室, 北京 100101
³内蒙古农业大学生态环境学院, 呼和浩特 010018
⁴中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所, 兰州 730000
⁵赤峰市林业科学研究院, 内蒙古赤峰 024000
⁶内蒙古大兴安岭林业科学技术研究所, 内蒙古牙克石 022150

收稿日期:2015-03-17 接受日期:2015-10-24 出版日期:2016-04-29 发布日期:2016-04-30
通讯作者: 胡中民
基金资助:
中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA- 05050201)、中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所青年人才项目(2013RC203)和科技部科技支撑项目(2013- BAC03B03)

Carbon storage of the forests and its spatial pattern in Nei Mongol, China

Xiao-Qiong HUANG^1,², Cun-Lin XIN¹, Zhong-Min HU^2,^*(), Gang-Tie LI³, Tong-Hui ZHANG⁴, Wei ZHAO², Hao YANG², Lei-Min ZHANG², Qun GUO², Yong-Jie YUE³, Run-Hong Gao³, Zhi-Yan WU⁵, Zhi-Gang YAN⁶, Xin-Ping LIU⁴, Yu-Qiang LI⁴, Sheng-Gong LI²

¹Department Geography and Environmental Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China

²Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China

³College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China

⁴Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China

⁵Chifeng Institute of Forestry Science, Chifeng, Nei Mongol 024000, China
and
⁶Daxing’anling Academy of Forestry Science of Inner Mongolia, Yakeshi, Nei Mongol 022150, China

Received:2015-03-17 Accepted:2015-10-24 Online:2016-04-29 Published:2016-04-30
Contact: Zhong-Min HU

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

内蒙古森林面积居全国第一位, 林木蓄积量居第五位, 准确地估算该区域森林碳储量对于评估中国森林碳储量以及制定森林资源管理措施均具有重要意义。该研究基于内蒙古森林资源野外样方调查和室内分析, 评估了内蒙古森林生态系统的固碳现状, 估算了内蒙古森林生态系统不同林型和不同碳库(乔木、灌木、草本、凋落物和土壤碳库)的碳密度大小, 揭示了其空间分布特征。在此基础上估算了内蒙古森林碳储量大小及空间格局。结果表明: 1)内蒙古森林植被层碳储量为787.8 Tg C, 乔木层、凋落物层、草本层和灌木层分别占植被层总碳储量的93.5%、3.0%、2.7%和0.8%。内蒙古森林植被层平均碳密度为40.4 t·hm^-2, 其中, 乔木层、凋落物层、草本层和灌木层的碳密度分别为35.6 t·hm^-2、2.9 t·hm^-2、1.2 t·hm^-2和0.6 t·hm^-2。2)内蒙古森林土壤层(0-100 cm)碳储量为2449.6 Tg C, 其中0-30 cm的土壤碳储量最高, 占总碳储量的79.8%。0-10 cm、10-20 cm和20-30 cm的土壤碳储量分别占0-30 cm土壤碳储量的38.8%、34.1%和27.1%。内蒙古森林土壤平均碳密度为144.4 t·hm^-2。黑桦(Betula davurica)林土壤碳密度最高, 云杉(Picea asperata)林最小。土壤碳密度随土壤深度的增加而降低。3)内蒙古森林生态系统碳储量为3237.4 Tg C, 植被层和土壤层碳储量分别占森林生态系统碳储量的24.3%和75.7%。落叶松(Larix gmelinii)林总碳储量最高, 其次为白桦(Betula platyphylla)林、夏栎(Quercus robur)林、黑桦林、榆树(Ulmus pumila)疏林和山杨(Populus davidiana)林。内蒙古森林生态系统平均碳密度为184.5 t·hm^-2。土壤碳密度与植被碳密度呈显著正相关关系。4)内蒙古森林生态系统碳储量和碳密度的空间分布总体上为东部地区高、西部地区低的趋势。在降水量充沛的东部地区和降水偏少的中西部地区, 有针对性地开展森林保护区建设和人工造林, 可显著提升区域的碳汇能力。

关键词: 碳储量, 碳密度, 空间分布, 森林生态系统, 内蒙古

Abstract:

Aims
Forest carbon storage in Nei Mongol plays a significant role in national terrestrial carbon budget due to its large area in China. Our objectives were to estimate the carbon storage in the forest ecosystems in Nei Mongol and to quantify its spatial pattern.
Methods
Field survey and sampling were conducted at 137 sites that distributed evenly across the forest types in the study region. At each site, the ecosystem carbon density was estimated thorough sampling and measuring different pools of soil (0-100 cm) and vegetation, including biomass of tree, grass, shrub, and litter. Regional carbon storage was calculated with the estimated carbon density for each forest type.
Important findings
Carbon storage of vegetation layer in forests in Nei Mongol was 787.8 Tg C, with the biomass of tree, litter, herbaceous and shrub accounting for 93.5%, 3.0%, 2.7% and 0.8%, respectively. Carbon density of vegetation layer was 40.4 t·hm^-2, with 35.6 t·hm^-2 in trees, 2.9 t·hm^-2 in litter, 1.2 t·hm^-2 in herbaceous and 0.6 t·hm^-2 in shrubs. In comparison, carbon storage of soil layer in forests in Nei Mongol was 2449.6 Tg C, with 79.8% distributed in the first 30 cm. Carbon density of soil layer was 144.4 t·hm^-2. Carbon storage of forest ecosystem in Nei Mongol was 3237.4 Tg C, with vegetation and soil accounting for 24.3% and 75.7%, respectively. Carbon density of forest ecosystems in Nei Mongol was 184.5 t·hm^-2. Carbon density of soil layer was positively correlated with that of vegetation layer. Spatially, both carbon storage and carbon density were higher in the eastern area, where the climate is more humid. Forest reserves and artificial afforestations can significantly improve the capacity of regional carbon sink.

Key words: carbon storage, carbon density, spatial distribution, forest ecosystems, Nei Mongol

黄晓琼, 辛存林, 胡中民, 李钢铁, 张铜会, 赵玮, 杨浩, 张雷明, 郭群, 岳永杰, 高润宏, 乌志颜, 闫志刚, 刘新平, 李玉强, 李胜功. 内蒙古森林生态系统碳储量及其空间分布. 植物生态学报, 2016, 40(4): 327-340. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.1088

Xiao-Qiong HUANG, Cun-Lin XIN, Zhong-Min HU, Gang-Tie LI, Tong-Hui ZHANG, Wei ZHAO, Hao YANG, Lei-Min ZHANG, Qun GUO, Yong-Jie YUE, Run-Hong Gao, Zhi-Yan WU, Zhi-Gang YAN, Xin-Ping LIU, Yu-Qiang LI, Sheng-Gong LI. Carbon storage of the forests and its spatial pattern in Nei Mongol, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2016, 40(4): 327-340. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.1088

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2015.1088

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2016/V40/I4/327

图/表 8

图1 内蒙古森林采样点分布图。

Fig. 1 Distribution of sampling sites in Nei Mongol’s forest.

图2 内蒙古森林不同林型(A)和不同地区(B)的植被碳储量。A, 落叶松林; B, 华北落叶松林; C, 夏栎林; D, 黑桦林; E, 榆树疏林; F, 山杨林; G, 樟子松林; H, 杨树林; I, 胡杨林; J, 油松林; K, 杜松林; L, 白桦林; M, 云杉林。N, 呼伦贝尔市; O, 兴安盟; P, 赤峰市; Q, 通辽市; R, 锡林郭勒盟; S, 呼和浩特市; T, 阿拉善盟; U, 包头市; V, 乌兰察布市; W, 巴彦淖尔市; X, 鄂尔多斯市。

Fig. 2 Carbon storage in different forest types (A) and regions (B) of vegetation layer in Nei Mongol. A, Larix gmelinii forest; B, Larix gmelinii var. principis-rupprechtii forest; C, Quercus robur forest; D, Betula davurica forest; E, Ulmus pumila sparse forest; F, Populus davidiana forest; G, Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica forest; H, Populus simonii forest; I, Populus euphratica forest; J, Pinus tabulaeformis forest; K, Juniperus rigida forest; L, Betula platyphylla forest; M, Picea asperata forest. N, Hulun Buir City; O, Hinggan League; P, Chifeng City; Q, Tongliao City; R, Xilinguole League; S, Hohhot City; T, Alashan League; U, Baotou City; V, Wulanchabu City; W, Bayannur City; X, Ordos City.

图3 内蒙古森林植被层碳密度及其空间分布。A, 落叶松林; B, 华北落叶松林; C, 夏栎林; D, 黑桦林; E, 榆树疏林; F, 山杨林; G, 樟子松林; H, 杨树林; I, 胡杨林; J, 油松林; K, 杜松林; L, 白桦林; M, 云杉林。

Fig. 3 Carbon density and its spatial distributions in vegetation layer in forests in Nei Mongol. A, Larix gmelinii forest; B, Larix gmelinii var. principis-rupprechtii forest; C, Quercus robur forest; D, Betula davurica forest; E, Ulmus pumila sparse forest; F, Populus davidiana forest; G, Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica forest; H, Populus simonii forest; I, Populus euphratica forest; J, Pinus tabulaeformis forest; K, Juniperus rigida forest; L, Betula platyphylla forest; M, Picea asperata forest.

图4 内蒙古森林不同林型(A)和不同地区(B)的土壤碳储量。A, 落叶松林; B, 华北落叶松林; C, 夏栎林; D, 黑桦林; E, 榆树疏林; F, 山杨林; G, 樟子松林; H, 杨树林; I, 胡杨林; J, 油松林; K, 杜松林; L, 白桦林; M, 云杉林。N, 呼伦贝尔市; O, 兴安盟; P, 赤峰市; Q, 通辽市; R, 锡林郭勒盟; S, 呼和浩特市; T, 阿拉善盟; U, 包头市; V, 乌兰察布市; W, 巴彦淖尔市; X, 鄂尔多斯市。

Fig. 4 Carbon storage in different forest types (A) and regions (B) of soil layer in forests in Nei Mongol. A, Larix gmelinii forest; B, Larix gmelinii var. principis-rupprechtii forest; C, Quercus robur forest; D, Betula davurica forest; E, Ulmus pumila sparse forest; F, Populus davidiana forest; G, Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica forest; H, Populus simonii forest; I, Populus euphratica forest; J, Pinus tabulaeformis forest; K, Juniperus rigida forest; L, Betula platyphylla forest; M, Picea asperata forest. N, Hulun Buir City; O, Hinggan League; P, Chifeng City; Q, Tongliao City; R, Xilinguole League; S, Hohhot City; T, Alashan League; U, Baotou City; V, Wulanchabu City; W, Bayannur City; X, Ordos City.

图5 内蒙古森林土壤碳密度(A)、碳含量(B)及其空间分布(C)。A, 落叶松林; B, 华北落叶松林; C, 夏栎林; D, 黑桦林; E, 榆树疏林; F, 山杨林; G, 樟子松林; H, 杨树林; I, 胡杨林; J, 油松林; K, 杜松林; L, 白桦林; M, 云杉林。

Fig. 5 Carbon density (A) and content (B) and their spatial distributions (C) in soil layers in forests in Nei Mongol. A, Larix gmelinii forest; B, Larix gmelinii var. principis- rupprechtii forest; C, Quercus robur forest; D, Betula davurica forest; E, Ulmus pumila sparse forest; F, Populus davidiana forest; G, Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica forest; H, Populus simonii forest; I, Populus euphratica forest; J, Pinus tabulaeformis forest; K, Juniperus rigida forest; L, Betula platyphylla forest; M, Picea asperata forest.

图6 内蒙古森林不同林型(A)和不同地区(B)的碳储量。A, 落叶松林; B, 华北落叶松林; C, 夏栎林; D, 黑桦林; E, 榆树疏林; F, 山杨林; G, 樟子松林; H, 杨树林; I, 胡杨林; J, 油松林; K, 杜松林; L, 白桦林; M, 云杉林。N, 呼伦贝尔市; O, 兴安盟; P, 赤峰市; Q, 通辽市; R, 锡林郭勒盟; S, 呼和浩特市; T, 阿拉善盟; U, 包头市; V, 乌兰察布市; W, 巴彦淖尔市; X, 鄂尔多斯市。

Fig. 6 Carbon storage in different forest types (A) and regions (B) in forests in Nei Mongol. A, Larix gmelinii forest; B, Larix gmelinii var. principis-rupprechtii forest; C, Quercus robur forest; D, Betula davurica forest; E, Ulmus pumila sparse forest; F, Populus davidiana forest; G, Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica forest; H, Populus simonii forest; I, Populus euphratica forest; J, Pinus tabulaeformis forest; K, Juniperus rigida forest; L, Betula platyphylla forest; M, Picea asperata forest. N, Hulun Buir City; O, Hinggan League; P, Chifeng City; Q, Tongliao City; R, Xilinguole League; S, Hohhot City; T, Alashan League; U, Baotou City; V, Wulanchabu City; W, Bayannur City; X, Ordos City.

图7 内蒙古森林碳密度及其空间分布。A, 落叶松林; B, 华北落叶松林; C, 夏栎林; D, 黑桦林; E, 榆树疏林; F, 山杨林; G, 樟子松林; H, 杨树林; I, 胡杨林; J, 油松林; K, 杜松林; L, 白桦林; M, 云杉林。

Fig. 7 Carbon density and its spatial distribution in forests of Nei Mongol. A, Larix gmelinii forest; B, Larix gmelinii var. principis-rupprechtii forest; C, Quercus robur forest; D, Betula davurica forest; E, Ulmus pumila sparse forest; F, Populus davidiana forest; G, Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica forest; H, Populus simonii forest; I, Populus euphratica forest; J, Pinus tabulaeformis forest; K, Juniperus rigida forest; L, Betula platyphylla forest; M, Picea asperata forest.

图8 内蒙古森林土壤层与乔木层碳密度的关系。

Fig. 8 The relationship between carbon density of soil and tree in forests in Nei Mongol.

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内蒙古森林生态系统碳储量及其空间分布

Carbon storage of the forests and its spatial pattern in Nei Mongol, China

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