植物生态学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (4): 327-340.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.1088
黄晓琼1,2, 辛存林1, 胡中民2,*(), 李钢铁3, 张铜会4, 赵玮2, 杨浩2, 张雷明2, 郭群2, 岳永杰3, 高润宏3, 乌志颜5, 闫志刚6, 刘新平4, 李玉强4, 李胜功2
收稿日期:
2015-03-17
接受日期:
2015-10-24
出版日期:
2016-04-29
发布日期:
2016-04-30
通讯作者:
胡中民
基金资助:
Xiao-Qiong HUANG1,2, Cun-Lin XIN1, Zhong-Min HU2,*(), Gang-Tie LI3, Tong-Hui ZHANG4, Wei ZHAO2, Hao YANG2, Lei-Min ZHANG2, Qun GUO2, Yong-Jie YUE3, Run-Hong Gao3, Zhi-Yan WU5, Zhi-Gang YAN6, Xin-Ping LIU4, Yu-Qiang LI4, Sheng-Gong LI2
Received:
2015-03-17
Accepted:
2015-10-24
Online:
2016-04-29
Published:
2016-04-30
Contact:
Zhong-Min HU
摘要:
内蒙古森林面积居全国第一位, 林木蓄积量居第五位, 准确地估算该区域森林碳储量对于评估中国森林碳储量以及制定森林资源管理措施均具有重要意义。该研究基于内蒙古森林资源野外样方调查和室内分析, 评估了内蒙古森林生态系统的固碳现状, 估算了内蒙古森林生态系统不同林型和不同碳库(乔木、灌木、草本、凋落物和土壤碳库)的碳密度大小, 揭示了其空间分布特征。在此基础上估算了内蒙古森林碳储量大小及空间格局。结果表明: 1)内蒙古森林植被层碳储量为787.8 Tg C, 乔木层、凋落物层、草本层和灌木层分别占植被层总碳储量的93.5%、3.0%、2.7%和0.8%。内蒙古森林植被层平均碳密度为40.4 t·hm-2, 其中, 乔木层、凋落物层、草本层和灌木层的碳密度分别为35.6 t·hm-2、2.9 t·hm-2、1.2 t·hm-2和0.6 t·hm-2。2)内蒙古森林土壤层(0-100 cm)碳储量为2449.6 Tg C, 其中0-30 cm的土壤碳储量最高, 占总碳储量的79.8%。0-10 cm、10-20 cm和20-30 cm的土壤碳储量分别占0-30 cm土壤碳储量的38.8%、34.1%和27.1%。内蒙古森林土壤平均碳密度为144.4 t·hm-2。黑桦(Betula davurica)林土壤碳密度最高, 云杉(Picea asperata)林最小。土壤碳密度随土壤深度的增加而降低。3)内蒙古森林生态系统碳储量为3237.4 Tg C, 植被层和土壤层碳储量分别占森林生态系统碳储量的24.3%和75.7%。落叶松(Larix gmelinii)林总碳储量最高, 其次为白桦(Betula platyphylla)林、夏栎(Quercus robur)林、黑桦林、榆树(Ulmus pumila)疏林和山杨(Populus davidiana)林。内蒙古森林生态系统平均碳密度为184.5 t·hm-2。土壤碳密度与植被碳密度呈显著正相关关系。4)内蒙古森林生态系统碳储量和碳密度的空间分布总体上为东部地区高、西部地区低的趋势。在降水量充沛的东部地区和降水偏少的中西部地区, 有针对性地开展森林保护区建设和人工造林, 可显著提升区域的碳汇能力。
黄晓琼, 辛存林, 胡中民, 李钢铁, 张铜会, 赵玮, 杨浩, 张雷明, 郭群, 岳永杰, 高润宏, 乌志颜, 闫志刚, 刘新平, 李玉强, 李胜功. 内蒙古森林生态系统碳储量及其空间分布. 植物生态学报, 2016, 40(4): 327-340. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.1088
Xiao-Qiong HUANG, Cun-Lin XIN, Zhong-Min HU, Gang-Tie LI, Tong-Hui ZHANG, Wei ZHAO, Hao YANG, Lei-Min ZHANG, Qun GUO, Yong-Jie YUE, Run-Hong Gao, Zhi-Yan WU, Zhi-Gang YAN, Xin-Ping LIU, Yu-Qiang LI, Sheng-Gong LI. Carbon storage of the forests and its spatial pattern in Nei Mongol, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2016, 40(4): 327-340. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.1088
图2 内蒙古森林不同林型(A)和不同地区(B)的植被碳储量。A, 落叶松林; B, 华北落叶松林; C, 夏栎林; D, 黑桦林; E, 榆树疏林; F, 山杨林; G, 樟子松林; H, 杨树林; I, 胡杨林; J, 油松林; K, 杜松林; L, 白桦林; M, 云杉林。N, 呼伦贝尔市; O, 兴安盟; P, 赤峰市; Q, 通辽市; R, 锡林郭勒盟; S, 呼和浩特市; T, 阿拉善盟; U, 包头市; V, 乌兰察布市; W, 巴彦淖尔市; X, 鄂尔多斯市。
Fig. 2 Carbon storage in different forest types (A) and regions (B) of vegetation layer in Nei Mongol. A, Larix gmelinii forest; B, Larix gmelinii var. principis-rupprechtii forest; C, Quercus robur forest; D, Betula davurica forest; E, Ulmus pumila sparse forest; F, Populus davidiana forest; G, Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica forest; H, Populus simonii forest; I, Populus euphratica forest; J, Pinus tabulaeformis forest; K, Juniperus rigida forest; L, Betula platyphylla forest; M, Picea asperata forest. N, Hulun Buir City; O, Hinggan League; P, Chifeng City; Q, Tongliao City; R, Xilinguole League; S, Hohhot City; T, Alashan League; U, Baotou City; V, Wulanchabu City; W, Bayannur City; X, Ordos City.
图3 内蒙古森林植被层碳密度及其空间分布。A, 落叶松林; B, 华北落叶松林; C, 夏栎林; D, 黑桦林; E, 榆树疏林; F, 山杨林; G, 樟子松林; H, 杨树林; I, 胡杨林; J, 油松林; K, 杜松林; L, 白桦林; M, 云杉林。
Fig. 3 Carbon density and its spatial distributions in vegetation layer in forests in Nei Mongol. A, Larix gmelinii forest; B, Larix gmelinii var. principis-rupprechtii forest; C, Quercus robur forest; D, Betula davurica forest; E, Ulmus pumila sparse forest; F, Populus davidiana forest; G, Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica forest; H, Populus simonii forest; I, Populus euphratica forest; J, Pinus tabulaeformis forest; K, Juniperus rigida forest; L, Betula platyphylla forest; M, Picea asperata forest.
图4 内蒙古森林不同林型(A)和不同地区(B)的土壤碳储量。A, 落叶松林; B, 华北落叶松林; C, 夏栎林; D, 黑桦林; E, 榆树疏林; F, 山杨林; G, 樟子松林; H, 杨树林; I, 胡杨林; J, 油松林; K, 杜松林; L, 白桦林; M, 云杉林。N, 呼伦贝尔市; O, 兴安盟; P, 赤峰市; Q, 通辽市; R, 锡林郭勒盟; S, 呼和浩特市; T, 阿拉善盟; U, 包头市; V, 乌兰察布市; W, 巴彦淖尔市; X, 鄂尔多斯市。
Fig. 4 Carbon storage in different forest types (A) and regions (B) of soil layer in forests in Nei Mongol. A, Larix gmelinii forest; B, Larix gmelinii var. principis-rupprechtii forest; C, Quercus robur forest; D, Betula davurica forest; E, Ulmus pumila sparse forest; F, Populus davidiana forest; G, Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica forest; H, Populus simonii forest; I, Populus euphratica forest; J, Pinus tabulaeformis forest; K, Juniperus rigida forest; L, Betula platyphylla forest; M, Picea asperata forest. N, Hulun Buir City; O, Hinggan League; P, Chifeng City; Q, Tongliao City; R, Xilinguole League; S, Hohhot City; T, Alashan League; U, Baotou City; V, Wulanchabu City; W, Bayannur City; X, Ordos City.
图5 内蒙古森林土壤碳密度(A)、碳含量(B)及其空间分布(C)。A, 落叶松林; B, 华北落叶松林; C, 夏栎林; D, 黑桦林; E, 榆树疏林; F, 山杨林; G, 樟子松林; H, 杨树林; I, 胡杨林; J, 油松林; K, 杜松林; L, 白桦林; M, 云杉林。
Fig. 5 Carbon density (A) and content (B) and their spatial distributions (C) in soil layers in forests in Nei Mongol. A, Larix gmelinii forest; B, Larix gmelinii var. principis- rupprechtii forest; C, Quercus robur forest; D, Betula davurica forest; E, Ulmus pumila sparse forest; F, Populus davidiana forest; G, Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica forest; H, Populus simonii forest; I, Populus euphratica forest; J, Pinus tabulaeformis forest; K, Juniperus rigida forest; L, Betula platyphylla forest; M, Picea asperata forest.
图6 内蒙古森林不同林型(A)和不同地区(B)的碳储量。A, 落叶松林; B, 华北落叶松林; C, 夏栎林; D, 黑桦林; E, 榆树疏林; F, 山杨林; G, 樟子松林; H, 杨树林; I, 胡杨林; J, 油松林; K, 杜松林; L, 白桦林; M, 云杉林。N, 呼伦贝尔市; O, 兴安盟; P, 赤峰市; Q, 通辽市; R, 锡林郭勒盟; S, 呼和浩特市; T, 阿拉善盟; U, 包头市; V, 乌兰察布市; W, 巴彦淖尔市; X, 鄂尔多斯市。
Fig. 6 Carbon storage in different forest types (A) and regions (B) in forests in Nei Mongol. A, Larix gmelinii forest; B, Larix gmelinii var. principis-rupprechtii forest; C, Quercus robur forest; D, Betula davurica forest; E, Ulmus pumila sparse forest; F, Populus davidiana forest; G, Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica forest; H, Populus simonii forest; I, Populus euphratica forest; J, Pinus tabulaeformis forest; K, Juniperus rigida forest; L, Betula platyphylla forest; M, Picea asperata forest. N, Hulun Buir City; O, Hinggan League; P, Chifeng City; Q, Tongliao City; R, Xilinguole League; S, Hohhot City; T, Alashan League; U, Baotou City; V, Wulanchabu City; W, Bayannur City; X, Ordos City.
图7 内蒙古森林碳密度及其空间分布。A, 落叶松林; B, 华北落叶松林; C, 夏栎林; D, 黑桦林; E, 榆树疏林; F, 山杨林; G, 樟子松林; H, 杨树林; I, 胡杨林; J, 油松林; K, 杜松林; L, 白桦林; M, 云杉林。
Fig. 7 Carbon density and its spatial distribution in forests of Nei Mongol. A, Larix gmelinii forest; B, Larix gmelinii var. principis-rupprechtii forest; C, Quercus robur forest; D, Betula davurica forest; E, Ulmus pumila sparse forest; F, Populus davidiana forest; G, Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica forest; H, Populus simonii forest; I, Populus euphratica forest; J, Pinus tabulaeformis forest; K, Juniperus rigida forest; L, Betula platyphylla forest; M, Picea asperata forest.
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