山东省滨海湿地柽柳种群的空间分布格局及其关联性

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2018.0186

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

柽柳(Tamarix chinensis)是暖温带滨海盐碱湿地的先锋灌木物种, 在滨海湿地植物群落演替和防止沿海地区海水入侵中发挥着重要的作用。研究柽柳种群的空间分布格局和不同径级柽柳个体之间的空间关联性, 揭示种群发展规律, 可以为盐碱地柽柳种群的保护提供指导, 并为滨海湿地生态系统的演替和生态管理提供依据。该研究在昌邑国家海洋生态特别保护区核心区内沿平行海岸线方向设置两条间隔800 m左右的样带, 每条样带上设置3个50 m × 50 m的样地, 共设置6块样地进行每木调查, 绘制柽柳种群空间位置分布图, 并将调查的柽柳按照其基径大小分为≤4 cm、4-8 cm、>8 cm 3个不同径级。利用Programita软件对柽柳种群的分布格局以及不同径级间的空间关联性进行分析。结果显示: (1) 6块样地共调查柽柳个体374株; (2)不同样地间柽柳植株密度差别较大, 说明柽柳在区域尺度上的分布并不均匀; (3)柽柳种群在小尺度(小于5 m)上表现为聚集分布, 在大尺度(大于15 m)上表现为随机分布, 总体表现为随空间尺度的增大柽柳种群呈现由聚集分布过渡到随机分布的趋势; (4) 3个径级两两之间在小尺度上表现为正关联, 在大尺度上表现为无关联, 但在15 m尺度上径级II与径级III因为竞争而呈空间负相关关系。

关键词: 柽柳种群, 分布格局, 空间尺度, 径级结构, 空间关联性

Abstract:

Aims Tamarix chinensis is a pioneering shrub species in temperate coastal saline wetlands, which plays an important role in plant community succession and preventing seawater intrusion in coastal wetlands. This study, which is focused on Tamarix chinensis population distribution characteristics and the correlations between Tamarix chinensis population distribution with individual diameters, can reveal the characteristics of population development and provide reference for species conservation and management of protected areas. This study may also provide basic information for scientific research on the succession and ecological management of coastal wetland vegetation ecosystems.
Methods In the core area of Changyi National Marine Ecological Special Protection Zone, two sample tapes with a spacing of about 800 m are arranged along the parallel coastline. Each sample tape has three plots of 50 m × 50 m. A total of six sample plots are set up for each wood survey. The spatial distribution map of Tamarix chinensis population is drawn by Origin. The obtained data is divided into three different diameter grades according to their base diameter: diameter grade I (base diameter ≤ 4 cm) and diameter grade II (4 < base diameter ≤ 8 cm), diameter grade III (base diameter > 8 cm). The distribution pattern of Tamarix chinensis population and the relationship between different diameter grades are analyzed by the point pattern analysis method and Programita software.
Important findings (1) A total of 374 individuals of Tamarix chinensis are investigated in six plots, including 14 in plot 1, 20 in plot 2, 36 in plot 3, 45 in plot 4, 221 in plot 5, and 38 in plot 6. (2) There is a large difference in population density of Tamarix chinensis between different plots, which indicates that Tamarix chinensis is not evenly distributed on the regional scale. (3) Tamarix chinensis populations show a clustered distribution on small scale (less than 5 m) while they appear as random distribution on large scale (greater than 15 m). The population of Tamarix chinensis exhibits a trend of transition from clustered distribution to random distribution with the increase of spatial scale. (4) The spatial association of Tamarix chinensis between any two diameter grades is positive on small scale and there is no significant spatial association between them on large scale. However, negative spatial association on diameter grade II and diameter grade III is detected at the scale of 15 m probably due to space competition.

Key words: Tamarix chinensis population, distribution pattern, spatial scale, diameter structure, spatial association

吴盼, 彭希强, 杨树仁, 高亚男, 白丰桦, 衣世杰, 杜宁, 郭卫华. 山东省滨海湿地柽柳种群的空间分布格局及其关联性. 植物生态学报, 2019, 43(9): 817-824. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2018.0186

WU Pan, PENG Xi-Qiang, YANG Shu-Ren, GAO Ya-Nan, BAI Feng-Hua, YI Shi-Jie, DU Ning, GUO Wei-Hua. Spatial distribution patterns and correlation of Tamarix chinensis population in coastal wetlands of Shandong, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2019, 43(9): 817-824. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2018.0186

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2018.0186

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2019/V43/I9/817

图/表 5

图1 山东滨海湿地柽柳种群样点分布图。

Fig. 1 Sample distribution picture of Tamarix chinensis population in coastal wetlands of Shandong.

图2 山东滨海湿地柽柳个体空间分布散点图。A, 样地1。B, 样地2。C, 样地3。D, 样地4。E, 样地5。F, 样地6。

Fig. 2 Scatterplot of spatial distribution of Tamarix chinensis in coastal wetlands of Shandong. A, Plot 1. B, Plot 2. C, Plot 3. D, Plot 4. E, Plot 5. F, Plot 6.

表1 山东滨海湿地柽柳种群各样地基本信息及不同径级柽柳组成

Table 1 Basic information and compositions of Tamarix chinensis at different diameter grades in each plot in coastal wetlands of Shandong

样地 Plot	海拔 Elevation (m)	土壤有机碳 Soil organic carbon (%)	个体数(比例) Individual No. (Ratio)			合计 Total
样地 Plot	海拔 Elevation (m)	土壤有机碳 Soil organic carbon (%)	I	II	III	合计 Total
1	2	0.339 1	2 (0.14)	10 (0.71)	2 (0.14)	14
2	1	0.368 0	1 (0.05)	10 (0.50)	9 (0.45)	20
3	6	0.357 3	18 (0.50)	14 (0.39)	4 (0.11)	36
4	-1	0.381 3	0 (0.00)	36 (0.80)	9 (0.20)	45
5	-1	0.449 0	31 (0.14)	140 (0.63)	50 (0.23)	221
6	10	0.387 9	7 (0.18)	25 (0.66)	6 (0.16)	38
合计 Total	-	-	59 (0.16)	235 (0.63)	80 (0.21)	374

图3 山东滨海湿地柽柳个体的空间点格局分析。A、B、C、D、E、F分别表示样地1、2、3、4、5、6。O(r), 单变量O-ring函数。

Fig. 3 Point pattern analysis of Tamarix chinensis in coastal wetlands of Shandong. A, B, C, D, E and F represent plot 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, respectively. O(r), univariate O-ring function.

图4 山东滨海湿地柽柳不同径级的空间关联性。A, 径级I和径级II。B, 径级I和径级III。C, 径级II和径级III。O12(r), 双变量O-ring函数。

Fig. 4 Spatial association of Tamarix chinensis at different diameter grades in coastal wetlands of Shandong. A, Diameter grade I and diameter grade II. B, Diameter grade I and diameter grade III. C, Diameter grade II and diameter grade III. O12(r), bivariate O-ring function.

参考文献 39

[1]	Bai C, Yan M, Bi RC, He YH ( 2014). Spatial pattern analysis of dominant species in Exochorda giraldii community in Xingtang Temple of Taiyue Mountains, Shanxi, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 38, 1283-1295.
	[ 白聪, 闫明, 毕润成, 何艳华 ( 2014). 山西太岳山兴唐寺红柄白鹃梅群落优势种的空间格局分析. 植物生态学报, 38, 1283-1295.]
[2]	Bi XL, Wen XH, Yi HP, Wu XQ, Gao M ( 2014). Succession in soil and vegetation caused by coastal embankment in southern Laizhou Bay, China—Flourish or degradation? Ocean & Coastal Management, 88, 1-7.
[3]	Caçador I, Tibério S, Cabral HN ( 2007). Species zonation in Corroios salt marsh in the Tagus estuary (Portugal) and its dynamics in the past fifty years. Hydrobiologia, 587, 205-211.
[4]	Cui BS, Yang QC, Zhang KJ, Zhao XS, You ZY ( 2010). Responses of saltcedar ( Tamarix chinensis) to water table depth and soil salinity in the Yellow River Delta, China. Plant Ecology, 209, 279-290.
[5]	Diggle PJ ( 1983). Statistical Analysis of Spatial Point Patterns. Academic Press, New York.
[6]	Du N, Wu P, Eller F, Zhou DY, Liu J, Gan WH, Yang RR, Dai M, Chen YD, Wang RQ, Guo WH ( 2017). Facilitation or competition? The effects of the shrub species Tamarix chinensis on herbaceous communities are dependent on the successional stage in an impacted coastal wetland of north China. Wetlands, 37, 899-911.
[7]	Feng XH, Zhang XM, Liu XJ, Cheng RM, Sun HR ( 2013). Growth dynamics of Tamarix chinensis plantations in heavy-saline coastal lands and related ecological effects. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 21, 1233-1240.
	[ 封晓辉, 张秀梅, 刘小京, 程瑞梅, 孙焕荣 ( 2013). 滨海重盐碱地人工栽植柽柳生长动态及生态效应. 中国生态农业学报, 21, 1233-1240.]
[8]	Gao M, Wang XX, Hui C, Yi HP, Zhang CQ, Wu XQ, Bi XL, Wang Y, Xiao LX, Wang D ( 2015). Assembly of plant communities in coastal wetlands-the role of saltcedar Tamarix chinensis during early succession. Journal of Plant Ecology, 8, 539-548.
[9]	Greig-Smith P ( 1983). Quantitative Plant Ecology. Blackwell Scientific Publication, Oxford.
[10]	Guo YL, Wang B, Xiang WS, Ding T, Lu SH, Huang YS, Huang FZ, Li DX, Li XK ( 2015). Spatial distribution of tree species in a tropical karst seasonal rainforest in Nonggang, Guangxi, southern China. Biodiversity Science, 23, 183-191.
	[ 郭屹立, 王斌, 向悟生, 丁涛, 陆树华, 黄俞淞, 黄甫昭, 李冬兴, 李先琨 ( 2015). 广西弄岗北热带喀斯特季节性雨林监测样地种群空间点格局分析. 生物多样性, 23, 183-191.]
[11]	Hao HM, Huang Z, Lu R, Jia C, Liu Y, Liu BR, Wu GL ( 2017). Patches structure succession based on spatial point pattern features in semi-arid ecosystems of the water-wind erosion crisscross region. Global Ecology and Conservation, 12, 158-165.
[12]	Jafari M, Chahouki MAZ, Tavili A, Azarnivand H, Amiri GZ ( 2004). Effective environmental factors in the distribution of vegetation types in Poshtkouh rangelands of Yazd Province (Iran). Journal of Arid Environments, 56, 627-641.
[13]	Jiang ZM, Chen YX, Bao Y ( 2012). Population genetic structure of Tamarix chinensis in the Yellow River Delta, China. Plant Systematics and Evolution, 298, 147-153.
[14]	Kang JP, Ma YY, Ma SQ, Xue ZW, Yang LL, Han L, Liu WY ( 2019). Dynamic changes of spatial pattern and structure of the Tamarix ramosissima population at the desert-oasis ecotone of the Tarim Basin. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 39, 265-276.
	[ 康佳鹏, 马盈盈, 马淑琴, 薛正伟, 杨丽丽, 韩路, 柳维扬 ( 2019). 荒漠绿洲过渡带柽柳种群结构与空间格局动态. 生态学报, 39, 265-276.]
[15]	Leibold MA, McPeek MA ( 2006). Coexistence of the niche and neutral perspectives in community ecology. Ecology, 87, 1399-1410.
[16]	Li HD, Shen WS, Fang Y, Yan SG, Zhang H, Zhao W ( 2011). Point pattern analysis of several psammophyte populations in the riparian ecotone in the middle reaches of Yarlung Zangbo River of Tibet, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 35, 834-843.
	[ 李海东, 沈渭寿, 方颖, 燕守广, 张慧, 赵卫 ( 2011). 雅鲁藏布江中游河岸带几种主要沙生植物种群点格局分析. 植物生态学报, 35, 834-843.]
[17]	Liu JH, Xia JB, Fang YM, Li T, Liu JT ( 2014). Effects of salt-drought stress on growth and physiobiochemical characteristics of Tamarix chinensis seedlings. The Scientific World Journal, 765840. DOI: .
[18]	McGill BJ ( 2003). A test of the unified neutral theory of biodiversity. Nature, 422, 881-885.
[19]	Mei JL, Zhuang FH, Ma JM, Qin YH, Liang SC, Jiang Y ( 2017). Spatial point pattern analysis of Alchornea trewioides population clonal growth in the karst area of Guilin. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 37, 3164-3171.
	[ 梅军林, 庄枫红, 马姜明, 覃扬浍, 梁士楚, 姜勇 ( 2017). 桂林喀斯特地区克隆生长红背山麻杆种群的点格局分析. 生态学报, 37, 3164-3171.]
[20]	Perry GL, Miller BP, Enright NJ, Lamont BB ( 2014). Stochastic geometry best explains spatial associations among species pairs and plant functional types in species-rich shrublands. Oikos, 123, 99-110.
[21]	Ripley BD ( 1977). Modelling spatial patterns. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B, 39, 172-192.
[22]	Rong QQ, Liu JT, Cai YP, Lu ZH, Zhao ZZ, Yue WC, Xia JB ( 2016). “Fertile island” effects of Tamarix chinensis Lour. on soil N and P stoichiometry in the coastal wetland of Laizhou Bay, China. Journal of Soils & Sediments, 16, 864-877.
[23]	Song XJ, Li SN, Guo J, Yu YL, Liu ZW, Wei W ( 2018). Effects of different salinity levels on the growth and physiological characteristics of roots of Tamarix chinensis cuttings. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 38, 606-614.
	[ 宋香静, 李胜男, 郭嘉, 于一雷, 刘志伟, 韦玮 ( 2018). 不同盐分水平对柽柳扦插苗根系生长及生理特性的影响. 生态学报, 38, 606-614.]
[24]	Sun LK, Liu WQ, Liu GX, Chen T, Zhang W, Wu XK, Zhang GS, Zhang YH, Li L, Zhang BG, Zhang BL, Wang B, Yang RQ ( 2016). Temporal and spatial variations in the stable carbon isotope composition and carbon and nitrogen contents in current-season twigs of Tamarix chinensis Lour. and their relationships to environmental factors in the Laizhou Bay wetland in China. Ecological Engineering, 90, 417-426.
[25]	Tang AK, Liu RH, Xu LQ, Wang JY, Liu YT ( 2011). Spatial heterogeneity of soil nutrients and distribution of plant community in Changyi Marine Ecological Special Protection Area. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation, 31, 88-93.
	[ 汤爱坤, 刘汝海, 许廖奇, 王金玉, 刘一霆 ( 2011). 昌邑海洋生态特别保护区土壤养分的空间异质性与植物群落的分布. 水土保持通报, 31, 88-93.]
[26]	Wang QD, Song JM, Li XG, Yuan HM, Li N, Cao L ( 2015). Environmental radionuclides in a coastal wetland of the southern Laizhou Bay, China. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 97, 506-511.
[27]	Wang XT, Hou YL, Liu F, Chang Y, Wang W, Liang CZ, Miao BL ( 2011). Point pattern analysis of dominant populations in a degraded community in Leymus chinensis + Stipa grandis steppe in Inner Mongolia, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 35, 1281-1289.
	[ 王鑫厅, 侯亚丽, 刘芳, 常英, 王炜, 梁存柱, 苗百岭 ( 2011). 羊草+大针茅草原退化群落优势种群空间点格局分析. 植物生态学报, 35, 1281-1289.]
[28]	Wiegand T, Moloney KA ( 2004). Rings, circles, and null- models for point pattern analysis in ecology. Oikos, 104, 209-229.
[29]	Wu XQ, Gao M, Wang D, Wang Y, Lu QS, Zhang ZD ( 2012). Framework and practice of integrated coastal zone management in Shandong Province, China. Ocean & Coastal Management, 69, 58-67.
[30]	Xia JB, Zhao XM, Liu JH, Zhao ZG, Liu Q, Chen YP ( 2016). Environmental factors influencing the distribution of Tamarix chinense Lour. in the Laizhou Bay wetland of the Yellow River Delta. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 36, 4801-4808.
	[ 夏江宝, 赵西梅, 刘俊华, 赵自国, 刘庆, 陈印平 ( 2016). 黄河三角洲莱州湾湿地柽柳种群分布特征及其影响因素. 生态学报, 36, 4801-4808.]
[31]	Xie LP, Wang M, Wang BD, Shi XY, Xin M, Wei QS, He XP, Guo F ( 2017). Distribution pattern and influencing factors of vegetation carbon storage of Tamarix chinense in the coastal wetland of Laizhou Bay, China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 28, 1103-1111.
	[ 谢琳萍, 王敏, 王保栋, 石晓勇, 辛明, 韦钦胜, 何秀平, 郭富 ( 2017). 莱州湾滨海柽柳林湿地植被碳储量的分布特征及其影响因素. 应用生态学报, 28, 1103-1111.]
[32]	Xu Q, Lü JZ, Miao YM, Bi RC ( 2016). Spatial distribution patterns and association of major species in Elaeagnus mollis communities. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 51, 49-57.
	[ 许强, 吕金枝, 苗艳明, 毕润成 ( 2016). 翅果油树群落主要物种空间分布格局及其关联性. 植物学报, 51, 49-57.]
[33]	Yang H, Li YL, Shen L, Kang XG, Yue G, Wang Y ( 2014). Spatial distribution patterns of seedling and sapling in a spruce-fir forest in the Changbai Mountains area in northeastern China. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 34, 7311-7319.
	[ 杨华, 李艳丽, 沈林, 亢新刚, 岳刚, 王妍 ( 2014). 长白山云冷杉林幼苗幼树空间分布格局及其更新特征. 生态学报, 34, 7311-7319.]
[34]	You HZ, Liu XL, Miao N, He F, Ma QY ( 2010). Individual association and scale effect of spatial pattern of Quercus aquifolioides populations along the elevation gradients. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 30, 4004-4011.
	[ 尤海舟, 刘兴良, 缪宁, 何飞, 马钦彦 ( 2010). 川滇高山栎种群不同海拔空间格局的尺度效应及个体间空间关联. 生态学报, 30, 4004-4011.]
[35]	Zhang JT ( 1998). Analysis of spatial point pattern for plant species. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica, 22, 344-349.
	[ 张金屯 ( 1998). 植物种群空间分布的点格局分析. 植物生态学报, 22, 344-349.]
[36]	Zhang JT, Meng DP ( 2004). Spatial pattern analysis of individuals in different age-classes of Larix principis‌‍rupprechtii in Luya Mountain Reserve, Shanxi, China. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 24, 35-40.
	[ 张金屯, 孟东平 ( 2004). 芦芽山华北落叶松林不同龄级立木的点格局分析. 生态学报, 24, 35-40.]
[37]	Zhao XS, Cui BS, Sun T, Lv JZ, Lu F ( 2011). Analysis of spatial point pattern of Tamarix chinensis in different habitats. Ecological Science, 30, 142-149.
	[ 赵欣胜, 崔保山, 孙涛, 吕卷章, 路峰 ( 2011). 不同生境条件下中国柽柳空间分布点格局分析. 生态科学, 30, 142-149.]
[38]	Zhu JF, Lu ZH, Xia JB, Chen X, Zhang M, Liu JT ( 2013). Changes of osmotic adjusting substances in leaves of Tamarix chinensis seedlings under salt and drought stress. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica, 33, 357-363.
	[ 朱金方, 陆兆华, 夏江宝, 陈曦, 张萌, 刘京涛 ( 2013). 盐旱交叉胁迫对柽柳幼苗渗透调节物质含量的影响. 西北植物学报, 33, 357-363.]
[39]	Zhu Z, Zhang LY, Gao LX, Tang SQ, Zhao Y, Yang J ( 2016). Local habitat condition rather than geographic distance determines the genetic structure of Tamarix chinensis populations in Yellow River Delta, China. Tree Genetics & Genomes, 12. DOI: 10.1007/S11295-016-0971-5.