箱式通量观测技术和方法的理论假设及其应用进展

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2019.0201

植物生态学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (4): 318-329.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2019.0201

所属专题：生态学研究的方法和技术；生态系统碳水能量通量

箱式通量观测技术和方法的理论假设及其应用进展

魏杰¹,陈昌华¹,王晶苑¹,温学发^1,^2,^*()

¹中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所生态系统网络观测与模拟重点实验室, 北京 100101
²中国科学院大学资源与环境学院, 北京 100190

收稿日期:2019-08-05 接受日期:2019-11-14 出版日期:2020-04-20 发布日期:2020-03-26
通讯作者: 温学发
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2017YFC0503904);国家自然科学基金(41830860);国家自然科学基金(41671257)

Theory, hypothesis and application advance in chamber-based technology and methods for flux measurement

WEI Jie¹,CHEN Chang-Hua¹,WANG Jing-Yuan¹,WEN Xue-Fa^1,^2,^*()

¹Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
²College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China

Received:2019-08-05 Accepted:2019-11-14 Online:2020-04-20 Published:2020-03-26
Contact: WEN Xue-Fa
Supported by:
National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFC0503904);National Natural Science Foundation of China(41830860);National Natural Science Foundation of China(41671257)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

碳(CO₂、CH₄)、氮(N₂O)和水汽(H₂O)等温室气体的交换通量是生态系统物质循环的核心, 是地圈-生物圈-大气圈相互作用的纽带。稳定同位素光谱和质谱技术和方法的进步使碳稳定同位素比值(δ ¹³C)和氧稳定同位素比值(δ ¹⁸O)(CO₂)、δ ¹³C (CH₄)、氮稳定同位素比值(δ ¹⁵N)和δ ¹⁸O (N₂O)、氢稳定同位素比值(δD)和δ ¹⁸O (H₂O)的观测成为可能, 与箱式通量观测技术和方法结合可以实现土壤、植物乃至生态系统尺度温室气体及其同位素通量观测研究。该综述以CO₂及其δ ¹³C通量的箱式观测技术和方法为例, 概述了箱式通量观测系统的基本原理及分类, 阐述了系统设计的理论要求和假设, 综述了从野外到室内土壤、植物叶-茎-根以及生态系统尺度箱式通量观测研究的应用进展及问题, 展望了气体分析精度和准确度、观测数据精度和准确度以及观测数据的代表性评价在箱式通量观测研究中的重要性。

关键词: 温室气体, 稳定同位素, 精度, 准确度, 代表性

Abstract:

The exchange flux of greenhouse gases, such as carbon (CO₂, CH₄), nitrogen (N₂O) and water vapour (H₂O), is the core of material cycle in the ecosystem and the bond of interaction among geosphere, biosphere and atmosphere. The development of stable isotope infrared spectroscopy and mass spectrometry technology and methods makes it possible to measure carbon stable isotopic composition (δ ¹³C) and oxygen stable isotopic composition (δ ¹⁸O)(CO₂), δ ¹³C (CH₄), nitrogen stable isotope composition (δ ¹⁵N) and δ ¹⁸O (N₂O), hydrogen stable isotopic composition (δD) and δ ¹⁸O (H₂O), which realizes the observation of greenhouse gas and its isotope flux at the soil, plant and ecosystem scales in combined with chamber-based technology and methods for flux measurement. Taking the chamber-based technology and methods for CO₂ and its δ ¹³C flux measurement as an example, this review which summarizes the basic principle and classification of the flux measurement system, expounds the theory requirements and assumptions of system design, summarizes the application advance and problems of chamber-based technology and methods for flux measurement in soil, plants (leaf, stem, and root) and ecosystem scales from the field to indoor, and prospects the importance of precision and accuracy of gas analysis and measurement data and the representativeness of measurement data in chamber-based flux measurement.

Key words: greenhouse gas, stable isotope, precision, accuracy, representative

魏杰, 陈昌华, 王晶苑, 温学发. 箱式通量观测技术和方法的理论假设及其应用进展. 植物生态学报, 2020, 44(4): 318-329. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2019.0201

WEI Jie, CHEN Chang-Hua, WANG Jing-Yuan, WEN Xue-Fa. Theory, hypothesis and application advance in chamber-based technology and methods for flux measurement. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2020, 44(4): 318-329. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2019.0201

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2019.0201

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2020/V44/I4/318

图/表 2

图1 非稳态系统(A、B)和稳态系统(C、D)及其气室箱体内CO2浓度变化特征示意图。Cc, Ca分别表示气室内和气室外CO2浓度; Pc, Pa分别表示气室内和气室外大气压; Tc, Wc表示气室内温度和湿度。

Fig. 1 System characteristics and CO2 concentration change inside of chamber at non-steady-state (A, B) and steady-state (C, D). Cc and Ca represent the CO2 concentration inside and outside of the chamber, respectively; Pc and Pa represent the atmosphere pressure inside and outside of the chamber, respectively; Tc and Wc represent the air temperature and moisture inside the chamber, respectively.

图2 土壤和植物CO2碳稳定同位素比值(δ13C)通量协同观测系统(A)及冠层和生态系统CO2 δ13C通量观测系统(B)示意图。A中植物呼吸箱仅以叶片和土壤呼吸箱为例展示气路图(茎干和根呼吸箱气路图与叶片相同)。

Fig. 2 Diagram on cooperative observation system of the CO2 carbon stable isotope composition (δ13C) flux of soil and plant (A) and observation system of the CO2 δ13C flux of canopy and ecosystem (B). In A, we only take leaf and soil chambers as an example to show the flow diagram of gas system (stem and root chambers same as leaf chamber).

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箱式通量观测技术和方法的理论假设及其应用进展

Theory, hypothesis and application advance in chamber-based technology and methods for flux measurement

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