毛乌素沙地黑沙蒿对邻近草本植物氮吸收速率及比例的影响

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2024.0086

植物生态学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (3): 446-459.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0086 cstr: 32100.14.cjpe.2024.0086

毛乌素沙地黑沙蒿对邻近草本植物氮吸收速率及比例的影响

苗春¹, 刘靓¹, 朱冠男¹, 白宇轩¹, 佘维维¹^,², 秦树高¹^,², 郭焱培¹^,³, 张宇清¹^,²^,^*()

¹北京林业大学水土保持学院, 宁夏盐池毛乌素沙地生态系统国家定位观测研究站, 北京 100083
²北京林业大学林木资源高效生产全国重点实验室, 北京 100083
³北京林业大学水土保持国家林业和草原局重点实验室, 北京 100083

收稿日期:2024-03-27 接受日期:2024-09-28 出版日期:2025-03-20 发布日期:2024-09-29
通讯作者: * 张宇清(zhangyqbjfu@gmail.com)
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(U22A20504);国家自然科学基金(32071844)

Effects of Artemisia ordosica on the nitrogen uptake rate and proportion of associated herbaceous plants in the Mau Us Sandy Land

MIAO Chun¹, LIU Liang¹, ZHU Guan-Nan¹, BAI Yu-Xuan¹, SHE Wei-Wei¹^,², QIN Shu-Gao¹^,², GUO Yan-Pei¹^,³, ZHANG Yu-Qing¹^,²^,^*()

¹Yanchi Research Station, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
²State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resource, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
³Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China

Received:2024-03-27 Accepted:2024-09-28 Online:2025-03-20 Published:2024-09-29
Contact: * ZHANG Yu-Qing(zhangyqbjfu@gmail.com)
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(U22A20504);National Natural Science Foundation of China(32071844)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

氮是维系植物群落物种多样性的关键养分元素。在氮贫乏的荒漠生态系统中, 固沙植物群落种间互作如何影响各功能群植物种氮吸收模式, 目前仍不明确。该研究基于野外植物种移除实验平台, 以毛乌素沙地黑沙蒿(Artemisia ordosica)固沙植物群落为研究对象, 设置移除黑沙蒿和保留黑沙蒿两种处理, 采用¹⁵N标记技术, 探究黑沙蒿对3种邻近功能群草本植物(一年生草本、多年生禾草、多年生杂类草)及草本群落的硝态氮、铵态氮和甘氨酸吸收速率和比例的影响; 同时测定各处理土壤铵态氮、硝态氮、全氮及可溶性有机氮含量、土壤含水率、地表透光率等环境因子, 分析各功能群草本植物及草本群落对不同形态氮的吸收速率、比例及其与环境因子的关系。研究结果显示: (1)无机氮和小分子有机氮是黑沙蒿群落草本植物的有效氮源, 所有功能群植物及草本群落对各形态氮的偏好顺序为硝态氮>铵态氮>甘氨酸; (2)移除黑沙蒿后, 一年生草本、多年生禾草及草本群落的氮吸收速率分别增加了48.32%、129.77%和55.53%, 多年生禾草对硝态氮的吸收比例增加了10.65%; (3)黑沙蒿通过改变其株丛下局部环境, 尤其是降低透光率和土壤硝态氮含量, 影响草本植物的氮吸收模式; (4)黑沙蒿群落中各功能群草本植物氮吸收速率及比例受不同环境因子影响, 其中多年生禾草表现出灵活的氮源可塑性和较高的氮利用效率。研究发现, 草本植物差异化的氮获取策略, 可能是黑沙蒿群落中植物应对种间氮竞争和资源短缺、提高群落稳定性和恢复力的重要机制; 多年生禾草凭借其灵活的氮源转换和高效吸收能力, 可能会成为未来群落的优势功能群。该研究结果有助于理解典型固沙植物群落中不同功能群物种的养分竞争和共存机制, 为荒漠化地区植被恢复和管理提供科学依据。

关键词: 种间互作, 黑沙蒿, 氮吸收效率, 氮吸收比例, 毛乌素沙地

Abstract:

Aims Nitrogen is a key nutrient element for maintaining species diversity in plant communities. In nitrogen-limited desert ecosystems, the impact of interspecific interactions within sand-fixed plant communities on nitrogen uptake rates and distribution among different functional groups of plants remains unclear.
Methods A field experiment was conducted in the Mau Us Sandy Land, northern China, with two treatments: removal of Artemisia ordosica and a control that retained A. ordosica. Nitrogen uptake rate and proportion of nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, and glycine by three associated functional groups of herbaceous plants (annual herbaceous, perennial grasses, and perennial forbs) and the overall herbaceous community, were measured using ¹⁵N isotope labeling. Environmental factors, such as soil ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, total nitrogen, soluble organic nitrogen content, soil moisture, and plot light transmittance were also determined. Additionally, the relationships between nitrogen uptake rate, proportion and environmental factors for each functional group and herbaceous community were analyzed.
Important findings Inorganic nitrogen and micromolecular organic nitrogen were effective nitrogen sources for herbaceous plants in A. ordosica community. The preference of herbaceous plants for different forms of nitrogen followed the order: nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, and micromolecule organic nitrogen. After the removal of A. ordosica, the nitrogen uptake rate of annual herbaceous, perennial grasses, and the overall herbaceous community increased by 48.32%, 129.77%, and 55.53%, respectively, with perennial grasses showing a 10.65% increase in the proportion of nitrate nitrogen uptake. Artemisia ordosica affected the nitrogen uptake absorption mode of herbaceous plants by altering the microenvironment under the plants, particularly by reducing plot light transmittance and soil nitrate nitrogen content. Nitrogen uptake rate and proportion among different functional groups of herbaceous plants were influenced by various environmental factors, among which perennial grasses demonstrating flexible nitrogen source plasticity and higher nitrogen use efficiency. The study showed that the differentiated nitrogen acquisition strategies of herbaceous plants may be a crucial mechanism underlying that herbaceous plants in A. ordosica community coped with interspecific nitrogen competition and resource scarcity, thereby enhancing community stability and resilience. Perennial grasses, with flexible nitrogen source utilization and efficient absorption capabilities, may gradually become the dominant functional group as community succession. These findings may enhance the understanding of nutrient competition and species coexistence mechanisms in the typical sand-fixed community, which would provide scientific evidence for vegetation restoration and management in desertification areas.

Key words: plant-plant interaction, Artemisia ordosica, nitrogen uptake rate, nitrogen uptake proportion, Mau Us Sandy Land

苗春, 刘靓, 朱冠男, 白宇轩, 佘维维, 秦树高, 郭焱培, 张宇清. 毛乌素沙地黑沙蒿对邻近草本植物氮吸收速率及比例的影响. 植物生态学报, 2025, 49(3): 446-459. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0086

MIAO Chun, LIU Liang, ZHU Guan-Nan, BAI Yu-Xuan, SHE Wei-Wei, QIN Shu-Gao, GUO Yan-Pei, ZHANG Yu-Qing. Effects of Artemisia ordosica on the nitrogen uptake rate and proportion of associated herbaceous plants in the Mau Us Sandy Land. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2025, 49(3): 446-459. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0086

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2024.0086

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2025/V49/I3/446

图/表 8

图1 毛乌素沙地自然对照及移除黑沙蒿处理的同位素注射(A)和样地布设图(B)。CK, 对照处理; 15N-Glycine, 15N标记的甘氨酸; 15N-NH4+, 15N标记的铵态氮; 15N-NO3-, 15N标记的硝态氮; ReSH, 移除黑沙蒿处理。

Fig. 1 Isotope injection for natural control and removal of Artemisia ordosica (A) and plot layout (B) in the Mau Us Sandy Land. CK, control treatment; 15N-Glycine, soil glycine labeled with 15N;15N-NH4+, soil ammonium nitrogen labeled with 15N; 15N-NO3-, soil nitrate nitrogen labeled with 15N; ReSH, removal of A. ordosica.

表1 同位素注射混合溶液配置表

Table 1 Configurations of mixed solutions for isotope injection

混合溶液1 Mixed solution 1	混合溶液2 Mixed solution 2	混合溶液3 Mixed solution 3	混合溶液4 Mixed solution 4
¹⁵N-NH₄Cl	NH₄Cl	NH₄Cl	NH₄Cl
KNO₃	¹⁵N-KNO₃	KNO₃	KNO₃
Glycine	Glycine	¹⁵N-Glycine	Glycine

图2 毛乌素沙地不同功能群草本植物对各形态氮及总氮的吸收速率(A)和各形态氮吸收比例(B) (平均值±标准误)。AS, 一年生草本; CK, 对照处理; glycine, 甘氨酸; NH4+-N, 铵态氮; NO3--N, 硝态氮; PF, 多年生杂类草; PG, 多年生禾草; ReSH, 移除黑沙蒿处理。不同小写字母表示不同功能群间差异显著(p < 0.05)。ns, p > 0.1; #, p < 0.1; *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001。

Fig. 2 Uptake rates of different nitrogen forms and total nitrogen by different functional groups of herbaceous plants (A), and uptake proportions of different nitrogen forms (B) in the Mau Us Sandy Land (mean ± SE). AS, annual herbaceous; CK, control treatment; NH4+-N, ammonium nitrogen; NO3--N, nitrate nitrogen; NUR, nitrogen uptake rate; PF, perennial forbs; PG, perennial grasses; ReSH, removal of Artemisia ordosica. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different functional groups (p < 0.05). ns, p > 0.1; #, p < 0.1; *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001.

图3 毛乌素沙地草本植物群落对各形态氮的吸收速率(A)、总氮吸收速率(B)和氮吸收比例(C) (平均值±标准误)。CK, 对照处理; COM, 草本群落水平; glycine, 甘氨酸; NH4+-N, 铵态氮; NO3--N, 硝态氮; NUR, 氮吸收速率; ReSH, 移除黑沙蒿处理。不同小写字母表示不同氮形态间差异显著(p < 0.05)。ns, p > 0.1; #, p < 0.1; **, p < 0.01。

Fig. 3 Uptake rates of different nitrogen forms (A), total nitrogen uptake rate (B), and nitrogen uptake proportion (C) by the herbaceous plant community in the Mau Us Sandy Land (mean ± SE). CK, control treatment; COM, herbaceous community; NH4+-N, ammonium nitrogen; NO3--N, nitrate nitrogen; NUR, nitrogen uptake rate; ReSH, removal of Artemisia ordosica. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different nitrogen forms (p < 0.05). ns, p > 0.1; #, p < 0.1; **, p < 0.01.

表2 毛乌素沙地不同处理样地土壤铵态氮、硝态氮、可溶性有机氮含量、含水量及群落透光率(平均值±标准误)

Table 2 Soil ammonium nitrogen, soil nitrate nitrogen, soil soluble organic nitrogen contents, soil water content and plot light under different treatment plots in in the Mau Us Sandy Land (mean ± SE)

处理 Treatment	铵态氮含量 NH₄⁺-N content (mg·kg^-1)	硝态氮含量 NO₃^--N content (mg·kg^-1)	可溶性有机氮含量 DON content (mg·kg^-1)	土壤含水量 SWC (%)	透光率 Plot light
CK	0.15 ± 0.03^a	0.35 ± 0.05^b	0.80 ± 0.11^a	5.93 ± 0.32^a	0.35 ± 0.03^b
ReSH	0.17 ± 0.02^a	0.64 ± 0.08^a	1.08 ± 0.06^a	4.58 ± 0.29^b	0.53 ± 0.04^a

图4 毛乌素沙地各功能群草本植物和草本植物群落的氮吸收速率与土壤含水量、群落透光率、土壤铵态氮、土壤硝态氮及土壤有机氮含量的关系。实线表示因子间的线性拟合线, 阴影表示95%置信区间。

Fig. 4 Relationships between nitrogen uptake rates (NUR) of different functional groups of herbaceous plants and herbaceous plant community with soil water content, plot light, soil ammonium nitrogen, soil nitrate nitrogen, and soil organic nitrogen contents in the Mau Us Sandy Land. The solid lines indicate the linear fitting lines between the corresponding factors, and the shadows indicate 95% confidence intervals. AS, annual herbaceous; COM, herbaceous community; DON, soil dissolved organic nitrogen; NH4+-N, soil ammonium nitrogen; NO3--N, soil nitrate nitrogen; PF, perennial forbs; PG, perennial grasses; SWC, soil water content.

图5 毛乌素沙地各功能群草本植物及植物群落氮吸收比例与透光率、土壤含水量、土壤全氮、土壤铵态氮、土壤硝态氮及土壤有机氮含量的关系。#, p < 0.1; *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01。

Fig. 5 Relationships between nitrogen uptake proportion of different functional groups of herbaceous plants and herbaceous plant community with plot light, soil water content, soil total nitrogen, soil ammonium nitrogen, soil nitrate nitrogen, and soil organic nitrogen contents in the Mau Us Sandy Land. AS, annual herbaceous; COM, herbaceous community; DON, soil dissolved organic nitrogen; Gly, soil glycine; NH4+-N, soil ammonium nitrogen; NO3--N, soil nitrate nitrogen; PF, perennial forbs; PG, perennial grasses; STN, soil total nitrogen; SWC, soil water content. #, p < 0.1; *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01.

图6 决定毛乌素沙地草本植物群落氮吸收速率(A、B)和硝态氮吸收比例(C、D)的关键因素模型及标准化总效应。蓝色箭头表示正相关, 红色箭头表示负相关, 箭头旁数字代表标准化路径系数, 响应变量由固定效应(R2 marginal)和固定效应与随机效应(R2 conditional)解释。#, p < 0.1; *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01。Gly, 甘氨酸。

Fig. 6 Key factor models and standardized total effects determining the nitrogen uptake rate (A, B) and nitrate nitrogen uptake proportion (C, D) of the herbaceous plant community in the Mau Us Sandy Land. Blue arrows indicate positive effects and red arrows indicate negative effects. Standardized path coefficients were shown next to each path with indicating significance. Response variables were explained by fixed effects (R2 marginal) and fixed effects with random effects (R2 conditional). Gly, glycine; NH4+-N, ammonium nitrogen; NO3--N, nitrate nitrogen. #, p < 0.1; *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01.

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毛乌素沙地黑沙蒿对邻近草本植物氮吸收速率及比例的影响

Effects of Artemisia ordosica on the nitrogen uptake rate and proportion of associated herbaceous plants in the Mau Us Sandy Land

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