植被科学画符号系统设计和标准化绘图范式——以森林群落剖面图为例

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2025.0069

植物生态学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (6): 897-910.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2025.0069 cstr: 32100.14.cjpe.2025.0069

植被科学画符号系统设计和标准化绘图范式——以森林群落剖面图为例

李家湘¹^,^*(), 刘文倩¹^,², 蒋国平¹, 赵丽娟³, 徐永福¹, 吴磊¹, 喻勋林¹

¹中南林业科技大学林学院, 长沙 410004
²招远市森林资源监测保护服务中心, 山东招远 265400
³中南林业科技大学生命科学与技术学院, 长沙 410004

收稿日期:2025-02-25 接受日期:2025-05-01 出版日期:2025-06-20 发布日期:2025-06-19
通讯作者: *李家湘, E-mail: csfuljx@163.com
基金资助:
湖南省自然科学基金(2023JJ30995);国家科技基础资源调查专项(2019FY202300)

Symbol system design and standardized drawing paradigm for vegetation scientific illustrations—A case of the vertical structure illustration of forest community

LI Jia-Xiang¹^,^*(), LIU Wen-Qian¹^,², JIANG Guo-Ping¹, ZHAO Li-Juan³, XU Yong-Fu¹, WU Lei¹, YU Xun-Lin¹

¹College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
²The Forest Resources Monitoring and Protection Service Center of Zhaoyuan City, Zhaoyuan, Shandong 265400, China
³College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha 410004, China

Received:2025-02-25 Accepted:2025-05-01 Online:2025-06-20 Published:2025-06-19
Supported by:
Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation(2023JJ30995);Special Foundation for National Science and Technology Basic Resources Investigation of China(2019FY202300)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

群落剖面图是综合表达植物群落结构、生境特征与生态关系的植被科学画, 其信息容纳量、可视化效率和传播效率高, 在植被研究中具有不可替代性。然而, 传统群落剖面图受限于符号系统缺失、绘制主观性强及信息表达不完整等问题, 阻碍了其有效实践及科学价值的深度挖掘。该研究以森林群落为对象, 提出一套融合植被生态学、艺术设计与数字技术的植被科学画符号系统与标准化绘图范式, 旨在实现群落结构与生境时空属性的精准可视化。基于亚热带典型植被类型的样方调查, 结合正坡位与顺坡位双窄带绘制法, 构建多层级符号体系(6大元素模块、21类图形符号), 并创新性地引入中国画写实技法与数字绘图工具协同工作流, 形成从现场草图到数字成图的标准化流程。该研究提出了一套森林群落剖面图符号系统、组成参数和绘图技法, 包含地形、植被、土壤三大类符号库, 实现群落垂直分层(乔木层、灌木层、草本层)、个体形态(胸径、冠幅、分枝角度)与生境因子(坡度、土壤质地、凋落物厚度)的定量化表达, 清晰展现了群落的空间(植物个体的垂直分层和相对位置)和非空间(物种组成、个体大小和密度等)结构、种间关系和群落生境信息。通过11个群丛33幅分图的绘制实践, 验证了其跨植被类型的普适性。该研究从元素组成和设计入手, 规范森林群落剖面图构图、符号组成和表现技法, 突破传统示意图范式, 将群落剖面图升维为兼具科学精准性与艺术表现力的植被科学画, 为《中国植被志》编研提供标准化制图工具。

关键词: 科学画, 植被生态学, 群落剖面图, 群落结构, 生境特征, 表现技法

Abstract:

Aims The vertical structure illustration can comprehensively express the structure, habitat characteristics and ecological relationships of plant communities. It is irreplaceable in vegetation research because of its high information capacity, and the efficiency of visualization and communication. However, previous vertical structure illustrations of community are short of symbol systems, and bear strong subjectivity in drawing and incomplete information expression, which hinders their effective utilization and in-depth exploration of the scientific value. Here, we propose a set of symbol systems and standardized drawing paradigms for the vegetation scientific illustrations based on the forest communities, which integrates vegetation ecology, art design and digital technology. It aims to precisely visualize the spatio-temporal characteristics of community structure and habitats.

Methods Based on the quadrat survey of typical subtropical vegetation types and the double narrow-band drawing method of facing and parallel slope surfaces, a multi-level symbol system, including six major element modules and 21 types of graphic symbols, was designed and innovatively introduced the workflow of Chinese painting realistic techniques and digital drawing tools to form a standardized process from field sketches to digital drawings.

Important findings A set of symbol systems, composition parameters and drawing techniques of the vertical structure illustration for forest community profiles was proposed, including three major symbol libraries of terrain, vegetation and soil. It brings about the quantitative expression of community vertical stratification (trees, shrubs, herbs), individual morphology (diameter at breast height, crown width, branching angle) and habitat factors (slope, soil texture, litter thickness), and clearly shows the spatial (vertical stratification and relative position of plant individuals) and non-spatial (species composition, individual size and density, etc.) structures, interspecific relationships and habitat information of the community. The universality across vegetation types has been verified through the drawing practices of 11 associations and 33 sub-graphs. This study begins at the composition and design of elements, standardizing the composition, symbol and expression techniques of the vertical structure illustration of forest community, optimizes the traditional schematic paradigm, and promotes the vertical structure illustration of community to bear both scientific accuracy and artistic expression, which provides standardized drawing tools for the compilation of Vegetation of China.

Key words: scientific illustration, vegetation ecology, community profile, community structure, habitat characteristics, expression techniques

李家湘, 刘文倩, 蒋国平, 赵丽娟, 徐永福, 吴磊, 喻勋林. 植被科学画符号系统设计和标准化绘图范式——以森林群落剖面图为例. 植物生态学报, 2025, 49(6): 897-910. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2025.0069

LI Jia-Xiang, LIU Wen-Qian, JIANG Guo-Ping, ZHAO Li-Juan, XU Yong-Fu, WU Lei, YU Xun-Lin. Symbol system design and standardized drawing paradigm for vegetation scientific illustrations—A case of the vertical structure illustration of forest community. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2025, 49(6): 897-910. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2025.0069

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2025.0069

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2025/V49/I6/897

图/表 12

图1 群落剖面图图版样式示意图。

Fig. 1 Plate style for the vertical structure illustration of community.

表1 群落剖面图线宽(b)组尺寸对照表

Table 1 Comparison sizes of the groups of line width (b) for the vertical structure illustration of community

线宽比 Ratio of line width	线宽组 Group of line width (mm)
参考图幅 Illustration size	A1	A2	A3	A4
b	1.4	1.0	0.7	0.5
0.7 b	1.0	0.7	0.5	0.35
0.5 b	0.7	0.5	0.35	0.25
0.25 b	0.35	0.25	0.18	0.13

表2 群落剖面图图线类型及应用范围

Table 2 Lines styles and their application scopes in the vertical structure illustration of community

线型 Line style	粗细 Size	线宽 Line width	用途 Application
实线 Solid line	粗 Thick	b	主要用于轮廓线、标注线的绘制 Be mainly used for the drawing of contour lines and marking lines
	中粗 Medium thick	0.7 b
	中 Medium	0.5 b
	细 Thin	0.25 b
虚线 Broken line	粗 Thick	b	主要用于截面剖切线以及图例填充 Be mainly used for the section cutting lines and legend filling
	中粗 Medium thick	0.7 b
	中 Medium	0.5 b
	细 Thin	0.25 b
点划线 Dash-dot line	粗 Thick	b	主要用于图例填充 Be mainly used for the legend filling
	中粗 Medium thick	0.7 b
	中 Medium	0.5 b
	细 Thin	0.25 b

图2 群落剖面图符号示意图。A, 剖面图基本信息。B, 尺寸标注。C, 剖切符号。D, 标高符号。E, 坡度符号。XXX表示某个植物群落。

Fig. 2 Symbol groups and drawing instructions for the vertical structure illustration of community. A, Basic information of the illustration. B, Size marking. C, Section symbol. D, Elevation symbol. E, Slope symbol. XXX represents a plant community.

表3 群落剖面图土壤质地图形符号

Table 3 Symbols of soil textures in the vertical structure illustration of community

序号 No.	类型 Type	说明 Instruction
1	枯枝落叶层 Litter layer	由新凋落的叶、细枝、树皮、果实等凋落物及动物残体所组成 Litters such as recently fallen leaves, thin twigs, barks, fruits, and animal remain
2	腐殖土层 Humus layer	用于细节图土壤剖面森林中枯枝残叶腐烂发酵而形成的部分 It shows the parts that are formed by the decay and fermentation of the branches and fallen leaves in the forest in the detailed drawing of the soil profile
3	砂土 Sandy soil	砂砾含量≥50%的土壤 Soil with a gravel content ≥50%
4	砂壤土 Sandy loam	砂砾居多但含有黏粒和粉粒, 具有结合性的土壤 Soil consists of mostly gravel, less clay and silt particles, which bears cohesiveness
5	壤土 Loam	介于黏土与砂土之间的土壤 The property of the soil located between those of clay and sandy soil
6	黏土 Clay soil	含砂粒很少、有黏性的土壤 Soil with very few sand grains and has viscosity

图3 单体树种绘制方法示意图。

Fig. 3 Drawing instructions of individual tree for different species.

图4 群落垂直分层示意图, 修改自王国宏等(2020)。①乔木层的成年树木; ②③④⑤分别是出现在乔木层中的竹类、木质藤本、寄生植物和大型灌木; ⑥灌木层的物种; ⑦高大草本; ⑧⑪和⑫分别是出现在灌木层和草本层的乔木的幼树/幼苗和竹; ⑨草本层的物种; ⑩苔藓植物。

Fig. 4 Schematic diagram of vertical stratification of community modified from Wang et al. (2020). ① mature trees of the tree stratum; ②, ③, ④ and ⑤ are bamboos, woody vines, parasitic plants and large shrubs that appear in the tree stratum, respectively; ⑥ a plant having the shrub growth the shrub stratum; ⑦ tall herbs; ⑧, ⑪ and ⑫ are samplings and bamboos that appear in the shrub and herb stratum, respectively; ⑨ herb plants of the herb stratum; ⑩ mosses.

图5 光影体积感表现技法。

Fig. 5 Expression techniques of light, shadow and volume.

图6 群落剖面图绘制一般流程。

Fig. 6 General workflow for the vertical structure illustration of community.

图7 群落剖面图正坡位和顺坡位绘制窄带选取示意图。A-F为不同的小样方。

Fig. 7 Schematic diagram for selecting narrow bands for the vertical structure illustration of community. A-F represent different sample subplots.

图8 群落剖面图现场草图绘制示意图。

Fig. 8 Schematic diagram of in situ sketch drawing for the vertical structure illustration of community.

图9 群落剖面图绘制成图组成。A, 平面示意图。B, 群落正坡位剖面图。C, 群落顺剖位剖面图。D, 细节图。

Fig. 9 Composition of elements in the vertical structure illustration of community. A, Schematic plan. B, Scientific illustration facing the slope of plant community. C, Scientific illustration along the slope of plant community. D, Detailed illustration.

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植被科学画符号系统设计和标准化绘图范式——以森林群落剖面图为例

Symbol system design and standardized drawing paradigm for vegetation scientific illustrations—A case of the vertical structure illustration of forest community

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