丛枝菌根真菌生态功能及群落调控

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2025.0311

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)广泛分布于陆地生态系统中, 可与大多数植物形成共生关系, 并通过根外菌丝网络介导植物-土壤互作, 在提升陆地生态系统生产力、维持生物多样性和土壤健康方面发挥着不可替代的作用。尽管AMF在植物营养吸收与逆境响应中的生理功能已被广泛证实, 但其在生态系统尺度上的功能仍缺乏系统评估, 而且缺乏有效的AMF群落调控技术。该文从生态系统生产力、生物多样性和系统稳定性、元素生物地球化学循环和土壤健康四个方面系统总结了AMF的生态功能。针对当前AMF群落定向调控的技术瓶颈, 提出构建“土著菌群激活—外源菌剂增效—管理技术适配”三位一体的生态调控框架, 旨在构建以AMF为核心的土壤生态调控技术体系, 促进菌根技术在应对全球变化与支撑农业可持续发展中的规模化应用。考虑到AMF群落定向调控面临的多重挑战, 未来研究亟需解析AMF-植物-环境多维互作体系, 研发菌群调控技术和多功能复合菌剂, 通过长期定位实验优化田间管理方案, 实现菌根技术在生态恢复工程和可持续农业中的体系化应用。

关键词: 丛枝菌根真菌, 生态功能, 菌根技术, 群落调控

Abstract:

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), widely distributed in terrestrial ecosystems, form symbiotic associations with most terrestrial plants. Their extraradical hyphal networks mediate plant-soil interactions, playing indispensable roles in enhancing ecosystem productivity, sustaining biodiversity, and maintaining soil health. While the roles of AMF in enhancing plant nutrient acquisition and stress tolerance are well documented, comprehensive assessments of their ecosystem-scale functions remain scarce. More importantly, methodologies for the targeted manipulation of AMF communities and their ecological functions are still underdeveloped. This review systematically summarizes the ecological functions of AMF from four aspects: ecosystem productivity, biodiversity-ecosystem stability relationships, biogeochemical cycling, and soil health. To address current technical bottlenecks in AMF community regulation, we propose an ecological regulation framework for the application of AMF in improvement of ecosystem functions, including the activation of indigenous fungal consortia, the application of exogenous inoculants, and optimizing context-specific management practices. This framework refines a robust, AMF-centered soil ecological regulation paradigm to facilitate the development of mycorrhizal technologies. Future studies should prioritize the multidimensional interactions among AMF, host plants, and environmental factors, to address the multiple challenges associated with the targeted regulation of AMF communities. This includes advancing microbial regulation strategies, developing multifunctional consortia, and optimizing long-term field management practices. Ultimately, these efforts aim to promote the effective application of mycorrhizal technologies in ecological restoration and sustainable agriculture.

Key words: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, ecological function, mycorrhizal technology, community regulation

王海浪, 付伟, 伍松林, 陈保冬. 丛枝菌根真菌生态功能及群落调控. 植物生态学报, 2026, 50(3): 515-535. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2025.0311

WANG Hai-Lang, FU Wei, WU Song-Lin, CHEN Bao-Dong. Ecological functions and community regulation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2026, 50(3): 515-535. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2025.0311

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2025.0311

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2026/V50/I3/515

图/表 2

图1 丛枝菌根真菌的生态功能。FNC, 真菌残体碳; SOC, 土壤有机碳。

Fig. 1 Ecological functions of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. AS, abiotic stress; BS, biotic stress; FNC, fungal necromass carbon; SOC, soil organic carbon.

图2 丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)群落调控策略。在进行AMF群落调控前, 需要对生态系统进行评估: 判断土著AMF丰度与活性、土壤扰动历史、土壤污染或退化程度以及当地的植被状况。根据生态系统的状况和调控目标选择适宜调控策略(激发土著AMF菌群或接种外源AMF)。最后基于“AMF-宿主植物-土壤环境”协同作用, 构建多维协同的技术体系, 达到AMF群落调控和生态修复的目标。

Fig. 2 Regulation strategies for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) communities. Prior to regulating AMF communities, ecosystem assessment is required to evaluate indigenous AMF abundance and activity, soil disturbance history, pollution/degradation status, and vegetation status. Suitable strategies are then decided based on ecosystem status and management objectives (stimulating indigenous AMF or inoculation with erogenous AMF). Finally, a multidimensional synergistic technical framework is established through AMF-plant-soil tripartite synergism to achieve targeted community regulation and ecological restoration.

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