盐和铜处理下红树植物叶绿素荧光特性变化与叶片结构及生化组分关系

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2024.0217

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 红树植物在滨海湿地生态系统中扮演关键生态角色, 然而盐碱和重金属(如铜)污染等环境胁迫可能显著影响其光合作用和生长。深入了解红树植物在这些环境胁迫下的光合生理和生态响应, 有助于制定有效的管理与保护措施, 以维护和恢复红树林湿地生态功能。该研究通过野外控制实验, 设置盐与铜复合处理, 结合主成分分析和广义线性混合模型, 探讨了秋茄树(Kandelia obovata)、对叶榄李(别名拉关木) (Laguncularia racemosa)和木榄(Bruguiera gymnorhiza) 3种红树植物的叶绿素荧光特性变化及其与叶片结构参数(叶长、叶面积、比叶面积)和生化组分参数(相对叶绿素含量(SPAD)、全铜含量、全碳含量、全氮含量)的关系。结果显示, 在低浓度盐与铜处理下, 3种红树植物光系统II (PSII)最大量子产额(F_v/F_m)平均值为0.764-0.866, 说明红树植物具有较强的胁迫抗逆性, 秋茄树和对叶榄李的抗逆性优于木榄。性能指数(PI_abs)和PSII的潜在活性(F_v/F_o)分别在0.63-1.89和3.81-6.33范围内, 且随着盐浓度升高, F_v/F_m、PI_abs和F_v/F_o总体呈下降趋势, 说明高盐浓度抑制了植物光合活性。低浓度铜处理下F_v/F_m和F_v/F_o无显著影响, 高浓度铜处理抑制光合作用; 盐和铜复合处理下, 3种红树植物的叶绿素荧光参数无显著变化, 显示铜处理对盐处理起到了一定的对冲作用。主成分分析表明, 不同处理条件下红树植物叶绿素荧光参数、叶片结构和生化组分的主成分相关性存在差异: 2019年7月3个树种不易区分, 2019年12月对叶榄李区分明显, 2020年8月木榄区分显著; 总体上, 3种树种在3个时期间的区分效果不明显。广义线性混合模型分析结果显示, 秋茄树的F_v/F_m和F_v/F_o与SPAD值显著正相关, 与全氮含量负相关; PI_abs及SPAD值与全铜含量正相关。对叶榄李的PI_abs与SPAD值显著正相关。木榄的F_v/F_m和F_v/F_o与SPAD值和全碳含量显著正相关, 与全氮含量负相关。该研究表明红树植物在盐和铜胁迫处理下具有一定的环境适应能力, 为沿海生态修复中红树植物的筛选和管理提供了关键科学依据。

关键词: 红树, 盐, 铜, 植物功能性状, 叶绿素荧光参数, 秋茄树, 对叶榄李, 木榄

Abstract:

Aims Mangrove plants play crucial ecological roles in coastal wetland ecosystems, yet environmental stressors such as salinity-alkalinity and heavy metal pollution (e.g., copper) may significantly impact their photosynthesis and growth. This study aimed to investigate the photosynthetic physiological and ecological responses of three mangrove species—Kandelia obovata, Laguncularia racemosa and Bruguiera gymnorhiza—under combined salt and copper stress. The goal was to provide a scientific basis for effective management and restoration strategies to maintain mangrove wetland ecological functions.

Methods Controlled field experiments were conducted using combined salt and copper treatments. Principal component analysis and generalized linear mixed models were employed to assess changes in chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics, leaf structure (leaf length, leaf area, specific leaf area), and biochemical components (relative chlorophyll content (SPAD), total copper content, total carbon content, total nitrogen content) across different treatment conditions.

Important findings The results demonstrated that under low-concentration salt and copper treatments, the average maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (F_v/F_m) in three mangrove species ranged from 0.764 to 0.866, indicating strong stress resistance. Among them, Kandelia obovata and Laguncularia racemosa exhibited superior stress tolerance compared to Bruguiera gymnorhiza. The performance index (PI_abs) and potential activity of PSII (F_v/F_o) ranged from 0.63 to 1.89 and from 3.81 to 6.33, respectively, with an overall declining trend as salt concentrations increased, suggesting that high salinity inhibited photosynthetic activity. Low copper concentrations showed no significant impact on F_v/F_m or F_v/F_o, while high copper levels suppressed photosynthesis. Under combined salt-copper treatments, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of the three mangroves remained stable, implying a counteracting effect of copper on salt stress. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed temporal variations in the correlations among chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, leaf structural traits, and biochemical components across treatments. Species differentiation was indistinct in July 2019, Laguncularia racemosa showed clear separation in December 2019, and Bruguiera gymnorhiza was distinctly separated in August 2020. Overall, species differentiation across the three sampling periods was not pronounced. Generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) analysis highlighted significant positive correlations between F_v/F_m, F_v/F_o, and SPAD values in Kandelia obovata, but negative correlations with total nitrogen (N) content. Its PI_abs and SPAD values were positively linked to total copper content. In Laguncularia racemosa, PI_abs showed a strong positive correlation with SPAD values. For Bruguiera gymnorhiza, F_v/F_m and F_v/F_o were positively correlated with SPAD values and total carbon (C) content, yet negatively associated with total nitrogen content.

Key words: mangrove, salt, copper, plant functional traits, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, Kandelia obovata, Laguncularia racemosa, Bruguiera gymnorhiza

张晓婷, 王俊杰. 盐和铜处理下红树植物叶绿素荧光特性变化与叶片结构及生化组分关系. 植物生态学报, 2025, 49(11): 1944-1956. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0217

ZHANG Xiao-Ting, WANG Jun-Jie. Chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of mangrove plants under salt and copper treatments and their relationship with leaf structure and biochemical components. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2025, 49(11): 1944-1956. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0217

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https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2025/V49/I11/1944

图/表 9

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叶绿素荧光参数 Chlorophyll fluorescence parameter	F_v/F_m			PI_abs			F_v/F_o
叶绿素荧光参数 Chlorophyll fluorescence parameter	2019-07	2019-12	2020-08	2019-07	2019-12	2020-08	2019-07	2019-12	2020-08
秋茄树 Kandelia obovata	0.423	1.083	1.208	1.074	2.422	1.184	0.488	1.675	0.646
对叶榄李 Laguncularia racemosa	0.751	1.558	1.542	1.240	0.957	4.132^**	0.921	1.134	3.723
木榄 Bruguiera gymnorhiza	4.420^**	0.368	0.974	0.855	1.071	1.484	6.910^**	0.708	0.846

叶绿素荧光参数 Chlorophyll fluorescence parameter	F_v/F_m			PI_abs			F_v/F_o
叶绿素荧光参数 Chlorophyll fluorescence parameter	2019-07	2019-12	2020-08	2019-07	2019-12	2020-08	2019-07	2019-12	2020-08
秋茄树 Kandelia obovata	0.423	1.083	1.208	1.074	2.422	1.184	0.488	1.675	0.646
对叶榄李 Laguncularia racemosa	0.751	1.558	1.542	1.240	0.957	4.132^**	0.921	1.134	3.723
木榄 Bruguiera gymnorhiza	4.420^**	0.368	0.974	0.855	1.071	1.484	6.910^**	0.708	0.846

叶绿素荧光参数 Chlorophyll fluorescence parameter	F_v/F_m			PI_abs			F_v/F_o
叶绿素荧光参数 Chlorophyll fluorescence parameter	2019-07	2019-12	2020-08	2019-07	2019-12	2020-08	2019-07	2019-12	2020-08
秋茄树 Kandelia obovata	1.409	0.967	0.416	1.200	0.469	0.577	1.275	0.840	0.231
对叶榄李 Laguncularia racemosa	0.565	1.200	1.485	0.873	0.244	1.671	0.683	1.244	1.190
木榄 Bruguiera gymnorhiza	1.213	1.526	1.461	0.921	0.305	0.353	1.010	0.366	0.291

叶绿素荧光参数 Chlorophyll fluorescence parameter	F_v/F_m			PI_abs			F_v/F_o
叶绿素荧光参数 Chlorophyll fluorescence parameter	2019-07	2019-12	2020-08	2019-07	2019-12	2020-08	2019-07	2019-12	2020-08
秋茄树 Kandelia obovata	1.409	0.967	0.416	1.200	0.469	0.577	1.275	0.840	0.231
对叶榄李 Laguncularia racemosa	0.565	1.200	1.485	0.873	0.244	1.671	0.683	1.244	1.190
木榄 Bruguiera gymnorhiza	1.213	1.526	1.461	0.921	0.305	0.353	1.010	0.366	0.291

叶绿素荧光参数 Chlorophyll fluorescence parameter	F_v/F_m			PI_abs			F_v/F_o
叶绿素荧光参数 Chlorophyll fluorescence parameter	2019-07	2019-12	2020-08	2019-7	2019-12	2020-08	2019-7	2019-12	2020-08
秋茄树 Kandelia obovata	1.393	1.398	1.020	1.759	0.853	0.824	1.734	0.876	1.585
对叶榄李 Laguncularia racemosa	0.919	1.114	1.808	0.759	0.877	0.982	0.867	0.828	1.586
木榄 Bruguiera gymnorhiza	0.562	0.821	1.376	0.696	1.295	0.947	0.517	0.802	1.239