半干旱矿区塌陷地光伏电站建设对植物群落特征的影响

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2025.0099

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 光伏阵列通过改变局部水热光条件并重塑地表土壤环境, 形成异质化的微环境梯度, 进而引发植物“生态位分化—优势种重组”效应, 塑造了差异化群落格局。为揭示“光伏+生态治理”工程实施后光伏建设对植被恢复的影响机制, 该研究以榆神府矿区采煤地表塌陷地光伏区为研究对象, 通过野外样方调查与多元统计方法, 对比光伏阵列不同微生境单元(板前、板下、板后和板间)、塌陷地自然恢复区和未塌陷地对照区植物群落组成、结构与稳定性特征, 并结合土壤理化性质和微气象因子解析群落分异的驱动机制。结果表明: (1)塌陷地自然恢复区植物群落多样性和稳定性较未塌陷地显著下降, 但由于一、二年生植物定植, 其植株密度增加。光伏板前、板后促进植物密度、多样性和稳定性提升, 而板下和板间呈现相反趋势。(2)板前和板后以耐旱多年生植物为主, 而板下微生境在遮阴和高湿环境筛选下, 植物群落以中生一二年植物为主, 物种组成与对照区相比其相似性较低。(3)土壤水分含量和光照强度是影响研究区群落特征的共性主导因子, 除此之外不同微生境的关键驱动因子还包括板前和板后的土壤有机质含量, 板下的空气湿度及板间的土壤容重等。总体来说, 光伏建设诱导了塌陷地植物群落结构的空间分异, 使植被恢复效益呈现显著异质性, 其中板前促进作用最强, 板后对塌陷地植被恢复促进作用有限, 板间和板下则表现出明显抑制效益。研究结果可为“光伏+生态治理”工程的精准生态优化提供关键科学依据。

关键词: 采煤地表塌陷, 光伏电站, 植被恢复, 植物群落结构, 生态效应

Abstract:

Aims Photovoltaic (PV) arrays facilitate the development of distinct plant assemblages by mediating local gradients of water, heat, light, and soil environment. This environmental heterogeneity induces a “niche differentiation-dominant species reorganization” effect among plant species in semi-arid coal mining subsidence areas. Consequently, there is an urgent need to elucidate the impacts of PV construction on the composition, diversity, and stability of plant community, as well as the driving mechanisms.

Methods To uncover the impact mechanisms of PV construction on vegetation restoration following the implementation of “PV + Ecological Remediation” project, this study investigated a PV field established on coal mining subsidence land in the Yushenfu mining area. By conducting field quadrat surveys and multivariate statistical analyses, we compared the characteristics of plant community composition, structure, and stability across distinct microhabitat units of the PV arrays (front eaves of the PV panel, underside of the PV panel, rear eaves of the PV panel and middle of the PV panel) with those in naturally recovered coal mining subsidence areas and in control areas (non-subsided lands). The driving mechanisms of community differentiation were analyzed by integrating soil physicochemical properties and microclimatic factors.

Important findings (1) The diversity and stability of plant communities significantly decreased in naturally recovered coal mining subsidence areas, while plant density increased due to the establishment of annuals and biennials. Compared to the naturally recovered areas, the front eaves and rear eaves of the PV panel enhanced plant density, diversity, and stability, whereas the underside and middle of the PV panel showed opposite trends. (2) Plant communities in the front and rear eaves of the PV panel were dominated by drought-tolerant perennial species. In contrast, the underside of the PV panel screened by shading and high humidity conditions, was primarily dominated by mesophytic annual and biennial species, showing reduced species similarity to control area. (3) Soil moisture and light intensity were common dominant environmental factors influencing community characteristics across the study area. Beyond these shared drivers, the key driving factors for different microenvironments included soil organic matter content in the front and rear eaves of the PV panel, air humidity underside of the PV panels and soil bulk density in the middle of the PV panel. Overall, the construction of the photovoltaic power station induced spatial differentiation in the plant community structure within the subsided land PV area, resulting in significant heterogeneity in vegetation restoration effectiveness. Among the microhabitat units, the front eaves of the PV panel exhibited the strongest promotive effect, while the rear eaves of the PV panel exhibited a limited promotive effect on vegetation restoration in the subsidence area. Conversely, the middle and underside of the PV panel showed significant inhibitory effects. These results provide a strong scientific basis for implementing targeted ecological optimization measures following the deployment of “PV + Ecological Remediation” projects.

Key words: coal mining subsidence, photovoltaic arrays, vegetation restoration, plant community structure, ecological effects

杜华栋, 王梦雨, 聂文杰, 孙浩, 车旭曦, 唐勋. 半干旱矿区塌陷地光伏电站建设对植物群落特征的影响. 植物生态学报, 2025, 49(11): 1778-1790. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2025.0099

DU Hua-Dong, WANG Meng-Yu, NIE Wen-Jie, SUN Hao, CHE Xu-Xi, TANG Xun. Influence of photovoltaic arrays construction on plant community characteristics in subsidence areas in semi-arid coal mining area. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2025, 49(11): 1778-1790. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2025.0099

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2025.0099

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2025/V49/I11/1778

图/表 13

图1 榆神府矿区位置与采样点分布图。

Fig. 1 Location of the Yushenfu mining area and distribution of sampling points.

图2 光伏区不同位置的采样位点示意图。

Fig. 2 Sampling units at different sites in the photovoltaic zone. FP, front eaves of the photovoltaic panel; MP, middle of the photovoltaic panel; RP, rear eaves of the photovoltaic panel; UP, underside of the photovoltaic panel.

表1 光伏(PV)建设研究区域概况及样地信息汇总

Table 1 Information of sampling sites of photovoltaic (PV) study areas

研究区 Study area	地理位置 Location	海拔 Altitude (m)	建站时间 Installation year of PV plant (a)	主要植被类型 Dominant vegetation	地貌类型 Geomorphological type	光伏建设区面积 Plot area within PV zone (km²)
PV 01	39.27° N, 110.28° E	1 220	9	长芒草+黑沙蒿 Stipa bungeana + Artemisia ordosica	黄土区 Loess area	1.91
PV 02	39.18° N, 110.25° E	1 200	8	长芒草+赖草 Stipa bungeana + Leymus secalinus	黄土区 Loess area	1.30
PV 03	39.11° N, 110.34° E	1 170	9	长芒草+猪毛蒿 Stipa bungeana + Artemisia scoparia	黄土区 Loess area	0.80
PV 04	38.90° N, 110.34° E	1 170	9	长芒草+黑沙蒿 Stipa bungeana + Artemisia ordosica	黄土区 Loess area	1.10
PV 05	38.78° N, 110.16° E	1 210	8	长芒草+蒙古莸 Stipa bungeana + Caryopteris mongholica	黄土区 Loess area	0.58
PV 06	38.67° N, 110.20° E	1 095	8	黑沙蒿+二色补血草 Artemisia ordosica + Limonium bicolor	黄土区 Loess area	4.55
PV 07	38.65° N, 110.05° E	1 170	9	长芒草+达乌里胡枝子 Stipa bungeana + Lespedeza davurica	黄土区 Loess area	0.53
PV 08	38.55° N, 110.07° E	1 240	8	长芒草+黑沙蒿 Stipa bungeana + Artemisia ordosica	黄土区 Loess area	4.40

表2 榆神府矿区塌陷地自然恢复区与光伏区土壤理化性质(平均值±标准差)

Table 2 Soil physicochemical properties at coal mining subsidence areas with natural recovery and photovoltaic plant in Yushenfu mining area (mean ± SD)

样地 Sample plot	酸碱度 pH	含水率 Moisture (%)	有机质含量 Organic matter content (g·kg^-1)	容重 Bulk density (g·cm^-3)	有效磷含量 Available phosphorus content (mg·kg^-1)	有效钾含量 Available potassium content (mg·kg^-1)	有效氮含量 Available nitrogen content (mg·kg^-1)
CK	8.90 ± 0.40^b	7.47 ± 3.69^d	7.68 ± 3.15^ab	1.19 ± 0.19^b	5.00 ± 1.22^a	115.85 ± 41.33^a	52.30 ± 24.19^a
NA	8.72 ± 0.22^b	7.10 ± 3.86^d	5.65 ± 0.40^b	1.14 ± 0.04^b	3.12 ± 0.78^b	117.53 ± 16.36^a	40.32 ± 5.25^b
RP	9.37 ± 0.52^a	8.53 ± 6.05^c	9.97 ± 5.04^a	1.38 ± 0.14^a	1.01 ± 0.32^c	118.48 ± 43.97^a	43.62 ± 9.83^b
UP	9.21 ± 0.45^a	10.88 ± 3.01^b	3.90 ± 1.48^c	1.13 ± 0.12^b	5.47 ± 1.78^a	107.43 ± 12.34^b	54.55 ± 21.16^a
FP	8.81 ± 0.39^b	12.95 ± 6.81^a	10.38 ± 3.28^a	1.25 ± 0.20^ab	4.08 ± 1.31^b	121.42 ± 46.20^a	49.94 ± 11.50^a
MP	9.34 ± 0.56^a	7.00 ± 3.14^d	3.12 ± 0.80^c	1.39 ± 0.11^a	0.81 ± 0.21^d	111.23 ± 45.24^b	21.57 ± 5.24^c

表3 榆神府矿区塌陷地自然恢复区与光伏区微气象因子特征(平均值±标准差)

Table 3 Micro-meteorological factors at coal mining subsidence areas with natural recovery and photovoltaic arrays in Yushenfu mining area (mean ± SD)

样地 Sampling plot	地表温度 Surface temperature (℃)	空气湿度 Air humidity (%)	光照强度 Light intensity (lx)	地表风速 Surface wind speed (m·s^-1)
CK	32.11 ± 0.15^a	36.31 ± 1.16^bc	20.53 ± 4.57^a	2.11 ± 0.29^a
NA	32.83 ± 0.11^a	36.11 ± 0.56^bc	20.34 ± 3.23^a	1.96 ± 0.16^a
RP	31.44 ± 0.41^a	37.12 ± 1.45^b	18.17 ± 7.46^a	0.57 ± 0.45^c
UP	29.93 ± 2.21^bc	42.51 ± 6.05^a	8.79 ± 3.49^c	0.38 ± 0.31^d
FP	30.74 ± 0.78^b	41.11 ± 3.59^a	11.75 ± 2.99^b	0.73 ± 0.44^b
MP	33.63 ± 0.17^a	35.45 ± 1.27^c	20.70 ± 4.78^a	0.75 ± 0.39^b

图3 榆神府矿区塌陷地自然恢复区和光伏区不同微生境单元植被生活型组成特性(平均值±标准差)。不同小写字母表示不同样地之间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 3 Life form compositional of vegetation in naturally recovered subsidence areas and photovoltaic zones across different microhabitat units in the Yushenfu mining region (mean ± SD). CK, control area; FP, front eaves of the photovoltaic panel; MP, middle of the photovoltaic panel; NA, coal mining subsidence areas with natural recovery; RP, rear eaves of the photovoltaic panel; UP, underside of the photovoltaic panel. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different sampling sites (p < 0.05).

图4 榆神府矿区塌陷地自然恢复区和光伏区不同微生境单元的物种相对重要值排序。

Fig. 4 Species ranks by relative importance value in naturally recovered subsidence areas and photovoltaic zones across different microhabitat units of the Yushenfu mining region. CK, control area; FP, front eaves of the photovoltaic panel; MP, middle of the photovoltaic panel; NA, coal mining subsidence areas with natural recovery; RP, rear eaves of the photovoltaic panel; UP, underside of the photovoltaic panel.

图5 榆神府矿区塌陷地自然恢复区和光伏区不同微生境单元植物群落的植株密度。不同小写字母表示不同样地间存在显著差异(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 5 Plant density in naturally recovered subsidence areas and photovoltaic zones across different microhabitat units in the Yushenfu mining region. CK, control area; FP, front eaves of the photovoltaic panel; MP, middle of the photovoltaic panel; NA, coal mining subsidence areas with natural recovery; RP, rear eaves of the photovoltaic panel; UP, underside of the photovoltaic panel. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different sampling sites (p < 0.05).

图6 榆神府矿区塌陷地自然恢复区和光伏区不同微生境单元植物多样性特征。不同小写字母表示不同样地之间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 6 Plant diversity indices in naturally recovered subsidence areas and photovoltaic zones across different microhabitat units in the Yushenfu mining region. CK, control area; FP, front eaves of the photovoltaic panel; MP, middle of the photovoltaic panel; NA, coal mining subsidence areas with natural recovery; RP, rear eaves of the photovoltaic panel; UP, underside of the photovoltaic panel. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different sampling sites (p < 0.05).

图7 榆神府矿区塌陷地自然恢复区和光伏区不同微生境单元植物群落稳定性(平均值±标准差)。不同小写字母表示不同样地之间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 7 Plant community stability in naturally recovered subsidence areas and photovoltaic zones across different microhabitat units in the Yushenfu mining region (mean ± SD). CK, control area; FP, front eaves of the photovoltaic panel; MP, middle of the photovoltaic panel; NA, coal mining subsidence areas with natural recovery; RP, rear eaves of the photovoltaic panel; UP, underside of the photovoltaic panel. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different sampling sites (p < 0.05).

表4 榆神府矿区未塌陷地、塌陷地自然恢复区与光伏区不同微生境单元的植物物种相似性

Table 4 Composition similarity of plant communities among non-subsided lands, naturally recovered subsidence areas, and photovoltaic microhabitat units in the Yushenfu mining region

样地 Sample plot	板前 FP		板后 RP	板间 MP	自然恢复区 NA	对照区 CK
板前 FP	1
板下 UP	0.33	1
板后 RP	0.60	0.41	1
板间 MP	0.34	0.41	0.59	1
自然恢复区 NA	0.44	0.37	0.48	0.51	1
对照区 CK	0.57	0.31	0.55	0.48	0.51	1

图8 榆神府矿区未塌陷地、塌陷地自然恢复区和光伏区不同微生境单元植被物种组成的集合。I, 研究区所有样地植被的集合; II, 塌陷地自然恢复区植被所特有物种数为2; III, 光伏区不同微生境单元以及塌陷地自然恢复区植被之间物种交集数量。圆点颜色表示不同样地, 连线表示不同样地植物物种数的相交情况(与上方柱状图对应), 不同颜色柱子表示对应样地中独有植物物种数目。CK, 对照区; FP, 光伏板前; MP, 光伏板间; NA, 塌陷地自然恢复区; RP, 光伏板后; UP, 光伏板下。

Fig. 8 Collection of plant species composition among non-subsided lands, naturally recovered subsidence areas and photovoltaic microhabitat units in the Yushenfu mining region. I, the collection of vegetation in all sample plots in the study area; II, the number of unique species of vegetation in coal mining subsidence areas with natural recovery is 2; III, the number of species intersection between vegetation indifferent sites of photovoltaic plant and coal mining subsidence areas with natural recovery. The dot color represents different plots, the line represents the intersection of the number of plant species in different plots (corresponding to the above histogram), and the columns with different color represent the number of unique plant species in the corresponding plots. CK, control area; FP, front eaves of the photovoltaic panel; MP, middle of the photovoltaic panel; NA, coal mining subsidence areas with natural recovery; RP, rear eaves of the photovoltaic panel; UP, underside of the photovoltaic panel.

图9 榆神府矿区未塌陷地、塌陷地自然恢复区和光伏板不同微生境单元植物多样性影响因子的冗余分析(RDA)排序。AK, 有效钾含量; AN, 有效氮含量; AP, 有效磷含量; DS, 优势度指数; H′, 多样性指数; J, 均匀度指数; pH, 土壤酸碱度; PPFD, 光照强度; R, 丰富度指数; RH, 空气湿度; SBD, 土壤容重; SMC, 土壤含水率; SOM, 土壤有机质含量; T, 地表温度; WS, 地表风速。

Fig. 9 Redundancy analysis (RDA) of environmental drivers of plant diversity among non-subsided lands, naturally recovered subsidence areas, and photovoltaic microhabitat units in the Yushenfu mining region. AK, effective potassium content; AN, effective nitrogen content; AP, effective phosphorus content; DS, Simpson index; H′, Shannon-Wiener diversity index; J, Pielou index; pH, soil pH; PPFD, light intensity; R, Margalef index; RH, air humidity; SBD, soil bulk density; SMC, soil moisture; SOM, soil organic matter content; T, surface temperature; WS, surface wind speed. CK, control area; FP, front eaves of the photovoltaic panel; MP, middle of the photovoltaic panel; NA, coal mining subsidence areas with natural recovery; RP, rear eaves of the photovoltaic panel; UP, underside of the photovoltaic panel.

参考文献 40

[1]	Barron-Gafford GA, Minor RL, Allen NA, Cronin AD, Brooks AE, Pavao-Zuckerman MA (2016). The photovoltaic heat island effect: larger solar power plants increase local temperatures. Scientific Reports, 6, 35070. DOI: 10.1038/srep35070.
[2]	Baucom RS, Heath KD, Chambers SM (2020). Plant- environment interactions from the lens of plant stress, reproduction, and mutualisms. American Journal of Botany, 107, 175-178. DOI URL
[3]	Chesson P (2000). Mechanisms of maintenance of species diversity. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 31, 343-366. DOI URL
[4]	Cui Y, Chen ZH (2018). Research progresses of the impacts of photovoltaic power plants on local climate. Climate Change Research, 14, 593-601.
	[崔杨, 陈正洪 (2018). 光伏电站对局地气候的影响研究进展. 气候变化研究进展, 14, 593-601.]
[5]	Du HD, Cao YC, Nie WJ, Song SJ (2021). Evolution of soil properties under artificial and natural revegetation in loess gully coal mining subsidence area. Journal of China Coal Society, 46, 1641-1649.
	[杜华栋, 曹祎晨, 聂文杰, 宋世杰 (2021). 黄土沟壑区采煤塌陷地人工与自然植被恢复下土壤性质演变特征. 煤炭学报, 46, 1641-1649.]
[6]	Du HD, Cao YC, Zhang YY, Ning BY (2021). Plant community development in a coal mining subsidence area: active versus passive revegetation. Écoscience, 28, 185-197. DOI URL
[7]	Fan LM, Ma WC, Chang BF, Sun K, Miao YP, Lu B, Tian SB, Yang L (2023). Hydrochemical characteristics and formation mechanism of groundwater in Yushenfu Mining Area. Coal Science and Technology, 51(1), 383-394.
	[范立民, 马万超, 常波峰, 孙魁, 苗彦平, 路波, 田水豹, 杨磊 (2023). 榆神府矿区地下水水化学特征及形成机理. 煤炭科学技术, 51(1), 383-394.]
[8]	Fleisher KR, Hufford KM (2020). Assessing habitat heterogeneity and vegetation outcomes of geomorphic and traditional Linear-slope methods in post-mine reclamation. Journal of Environmental Management, 255, 109854. DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109854.
[9]	Guo Q (2022). Effects of Photovoltaic Panel Arrays on Plant Communities and Soil Characteristics in Degraded Grassland in the Songnen Plain. PhD dissertation, Northeast Normal University, Changchun.
	[郭嫱 (2022). 光伏板阵列对松嫩退化草地植物群落和土壤特征的影响. 博士学位论文, 东北师范大学, 长春.]
[10]	Guo YP, Schöb C, Ma WH, Mohammat A, Liu HY, Yu SL, Jiang YX, Schmid B, Tang ZY (2019). Increasing water availability and facilitation weaken biodiversity-biomass relationships in shrublands. Ecology, 100, e02624. DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2624.
[11]	Hao XZ, Yu H, Wu XY, Feng TJ, Wang C, Tian LH, Tan MD, Peng HW, Wang P (2025). Effects of typical photovoltaic power station construction on vegetation properties and soil properties in Tibetan Plateau desert region. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 45, 5510-5526.
	[郝晓珍, 于航, 吴星叶, 冯天骄, 王成, 田丽慧, 谭梦迪, 彭怀午, 王平 (2025). 青藏高原荒漠区典型光伏电站建设对植被属性和土壤性质的影响. 生态学报, 45, 5510-5526.]
[12]	Hou DJ, Li N, Qu XY, Dong SQ, Han BL, Guo K, Liu CC (2024). The spatial pattern and driving factors of Haloxylon ammodendron community in the arid region of northern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 44, 11307-11316.
	[侯东杰, 李楠, 曲孝云, 董少琼, 韩蓓蕾, 郭柯, 刘长成 (2024). 青藏高原北部干旱区梭梭群落特征空间分布格局及其驱动因子. 生态学报, 44, 11307-11316.]
[13]	Jamal J, Mansur I, Rasid A, Mulyadi M, Dihyah Marwan M, Marwan M (2024). Evaluating the shading effect of photovoltaic panels to optimize the performance ratio of a solar power system. Results in Engineering, 21, 101878. DOI: 10.1016/j.rineng.2024.101878.
[14]	James CS, Capon SJ, Quinn GP (2015). Nurse plant effects of a dominant shrub (Duma florulenta) on understorey vegetation in a large, semi-arid wetland in relation to flood frequency and drying. Journal of Vegetation Science, 26, 985-994. DOI URL
[15]	Li BB, Li PP, Zhang WT, Ji JY, Liu GB, Xu MX (2021). Deep soil moisture limits the sustainable vegetation restoration in arid and semi-arid Loess Plateau. Geoderma, 399, 115122. DOI: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2021.115122.
[16]	Li H, Sun JS (2022). New model of waste mine treatment under the background of “double carbon” —Photovoltaic power station model. Nonferrous Metals (Mining Section), 74(6), 70-73.
	[李昊, 孙金水 (2022). “双碳”背景下废弃矿山治理新模式研究——光伏发电站模式. 有色金属(矿山部分), 74(6), 70-73.]
[17]	Li QS, Li L, Fang J, Guo JT, Li J, Xu ZH, Li XB (2024). Ecological protection coal mining technology system and engineering practice. Coal Science and Technology, 52(4), 28-37.
	[李全生, 李淋, 方杰, 郭俊廷, 李军, 徐祝贺, 李晓斌 (2024). 生态保护型煤炭开采技术与实践. 煤炭科学技术, 52(4), 28-37.]
[18]	Liu FF, Mao XS, Xu C, Li YY, Wu Q, Zhang JX (2020). “Covering effects” under diurnal temperature variations in arid and semiarid areas. Advances in Civil Engineering, 2020, 7496182. DOI: 10.1155/2020/7496182.
[19]	Liu Y, Zhang RQ, Ma XR, Wu GL (2020). Combined ecological and economic benefits of the solar photovoltaic industry in arid sandy ecosystems. Journal of Cleaner Production, 262, 121376. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121376.
[20]	Lu Y, Xiao X, Liang Y, Li JC, Guo CY, Xu LL, Liu QF, Xiao Y, Zhou SY (2024). Distribution and transformation of potentially toxic elements in cracks under coal mining disturbance in farmland. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 46, 312. DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-02107-y. PMID
[21]	Luo DH, Li KR (2024). Difficulties, challenges and countermeasure suggestions faced by the comprehensive management of “photovoltaic + coal mining subsidence area”. China Power Enterprise Management, (19), 66-69.
	[雒德宏, 李柯润 (2024). “光伏+采煤沉陷区综合治理”面临的困难、挑战与对策建议. 中国电力企业管理, (19), 66-69.]
[22]	Martínez-Blancas A, Martorell C (2020). Changes in niche differentiation and environmental filtering over a hydric stress gradient. Journal of Plant Ecology, 13, 185-194. DOI
[23]	Shang HB (2010). Conventional Analysis Methods of Resources and Environment. Northwest A&F University Press, Yangling, Shaanxi.
	[尚浩博 (2010). 资源环境常规分析方法. 西北农林科技大学出版社, 陕西杨凌.]
[24]	Tao WH, Shao FF, Yan HK, Wang QJ (2024). Microbial organic fertilizer combined with magnetically treated water drip irrigation promoted the stability of desert soil aggregates and improved the yield and quality of jujubes. Plants, 13, 1930. DOI: 10.3390/plants13141930.
[25]	Tian ZQ, Zhang Y, Liu X, Chen SY, Liu BL, Wu JH (2024). Effects of photovoltaic power station construction on terrestrial environment: retrospect and prospect. Environmental Science, 45, 239-247.
	[田政卿, 张勇, 刘向, 陈生云, 柳本立, 吴纪华 (2024). 光伏电站建设对陆地生态环境的影响: 研究进展与展望. 环境科学, 45, 239-247.]
[26]	Tu HR, Nong JL, Zhu J, Zhao JJ, Yang WL, Zhu QQ, Xie YJ, Liu RH (2022). Interspecific associations of main species and community stability of Myrsine seguinii community in karst hills of Guilin, southwestern China. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 42, 3688-3705.
	[涂洪润, 农娟丽, 朱军, 赵佳佳, 杨婉琳, 朱琪琪, 谢彦军, 刘润红 (2022). 桂林岩溶石山密花树群落主要物种的种间关联及群落稳定性. 生态学报, 42, 3688-3705.]
[27]	Uldrijan D, Kováčiková M, Jakimiuk A, Vaverková MD, Winkler J (2021). Ecological effects of preferential vegetation composition developed on sites with photovoltaic power plants. Ecological Engineering, 168, 106274. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2021.106274.
[28]	Vervloesem J, Marcheggiani E, Choudhury MAM, Muys B (2022). Effects of photovoltaic solar farms on microclimate and vegetation diversity. Sustainability, 14, 7493. DOI: 10.3390/su14127493.
[29]	Wang DL, Guo YY, Xie W, Qian XT, Guo JJ, Zhao XL, Lian Z, Du HD (2022). Community and soil seed bank characteristics of different vegetation restoration types in aeolian sandy loess dumps. Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 29(5), 171-177.
	[王东丽, 郭莹莹, 谢伟, 钱晓彤, 郭建军, 赵晓亮, 连昭, 杜华栋 (2022). 风沙黄土区排土场不同恢复类型植物群落与土壤种子库特征. 水土保持研究, 29(5), 171-177.]
[30]	Wu CD, Liu H, Yu Y, Zhao WZ, Liu JT, Yu HL, Yetemen O (2022). Ecohydrological effects of photovoltaic solar farms on soil microclimates and moisture regimes in arid Northwest China: a modeling study. Science of the Total Environment, 802, 149946. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149946.
[31]	Wu H, Dong SJ, Rao BQ (2022). Latitudinal trends in the structure, similarity and beta diversity of plant communities invaded by Alternanthera philoxeroides in heterogeneous habitats. Frontiers in Plant Science, 13, 1021337. DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1021337.
[32]	Wu ZQ, Luo ZX, Luo JF, Sui X, Wu SN, Luo XL (2023). Spatial differentiation of soil fertility in a photovoltaic power station in rocky desertification zone. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 42, 2597-2603. DOI
	[吴智泉, 罗忠新, 罗久富, 隋欣, 吴赛男, 罗小林 (2023). 石漠化光伏场区土壤肥力质量空间分异特征. 生态学杂志, 42, 2597-2603.]
[33]	Yang RT, Niu QH, Qu JJ, Xie SB, Wang YK, Ma C (2022). Influence of fixed-stand photovoltaic array on wind field in Gonghe Basin, Qinghai, China. Journal of Desert Research, 42(5), 114-121.
	[杨若婷, 牛清河, 屈建军, 谢胜波, 王彦奎, 马超 (2022). 青海共和盆地固定支架式光伏阵列对阵内风场的影响. 中国沙漠, 42(5), 114-121.] DOI
[34]	Yang YY, Su SL, Cao EZ, Li HY, Chi HM, Lin K, Wu XD, He WQ, Yang HT (2025). Impacts of large-scale desert photovoltaic power stations on the phenotype and biomass distribution characteristics of sand-fixing plants. Journal of Desert Research, 45(1), 162-172.
	[杨奕颖, 苏思霖, 曹恩志, 李红有, 迟洪明, 蔺凯, 吴旭东, 何文强, 杨昊天 (2025). 沙漠大型光伏电站对固沙植物表型及生物量分配的影响. 中国沙漠, 45(1), 162-172.] DOI
[35]	Yue M, Wu ZH, Liu PL, Lu Y, Li ZH (2022). Flora of Shaanxi: Vol. 4. Science Press, Beijing.
	[岳明, 吴振海, 刘培亮, 卢元, 李忠虎 (2022). 陕西植物志: 第四卷, 科学出版社, 北京.]
[36]	Yue SJ, Guo MJ, Zou PH, Wu W, Zhou XD (2021). Effects of photovoltaic panels on soil temperature and moisture in desert areas. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28, 17506-17518. DOI
[37]	Zhai B, Gao Y, Dang XH, Chen X, Cheng B, Liu XJ, Zhang C (2018). Effects of photovoltaic panels on the characteristics and diversity of Leymus chinensis community. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 37, 2237-2243.
	[翟波, 高永, 党晓宏, 陈曦, 程波, 刘湘杰, 张超 (2018). 光伏电板对羊草群落特征及多样性的影响. 生态学杂志, 37, 2237-2243.]
[38]	Zhang J, Li ZX, Tao JY, Ge YD, Zhong YZ, Wang YB, Yan BB (2024). Observed impacts of ground-mounted photovoltaic systems on the microclimate and soil in an arid area of Gansu, China. Atmosphere, 15, 936. DOI: 10.3390/atmos15080936.
[39]	Zhang SQ, Gong JR, Zhang WY, Dong XD, Hu YX, Yang GS, Yan CY, Liu YY, Wang RJ, Zhang SP, Wang T (2024). Photovoltaic systems promote grassland restoration by coordinating water and nutrient uptake, transport and utilization. Journal of Cleaner Production, 447, 141437. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.141437.
[40]	Zhang ZJ, Wang QX, Liu ZG, Chen Q, Guo ZL, Zhang HR (2023). Renew mineral resource-based cities: assessment of PV potential in coal mining subsidence areas. Applied Energy, 329, 120296. DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120296.