丛枝菌根和外生菌根植物磷获取与利用策略研究进展与展望

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2025.0153

植物生态学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (3): 566-583.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2025.0153 cstr: 32100.14.cjpe.2025.0153

丛枝菌根和外生菌根植物磷获取与利用策略研究进展与展望

刘润洪(), 阳柳蓉, 梁慧婷, 申卫军^*()

广西大学林学院, 广西森林生态与保育重点实验室, 亚热带农业生物资源保护与利用国家重点实验室, 南宁 530004

收稿日期:2025-04-28 接受日期:2025-07-10 出版日期:2026-03-20 发布日期:2026-04-15
通讯作者: *申卫军(shenweijun@gxu.edu.cn)
基金资助:
广西科技基地和人才专项(AD23026326);国家自然科学基金(U24A20430);国家自然科学基金(32271847);广西研究生教育创新计划资助项目(YCBZ2023024);广西壮族自治区大学生创新训练项目(S202410593435);广西壮族自治区大学生创新训练项目(Y202410593471)

Research progress and prospect on phosphorus acquisition and utilization strategies of arbuscular mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal plants

LIU Run-Hong(), YANG Liu-Rong, LIANG Hui-Ting, SHEN Wei-Jun^*()

Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China

Received:2025-04-28 Accepted:2025-07-10 Online:2026-03-20 Published:2026-04-15
Contact: *SHEN Wei-Jun(shenweijun@gxu.edu.cn)
Supported by:
Guangxi Science and Technology Base and Talent Special Project(AD23026326);National Natural Science Foundation of China(U24A20430);National Natural Science Foundation of China(32271847);Innovation Project of Guangxi Graduate Education(YCBZ2023024);Innovative Training Program for Undergraduates of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region(S202410593435);Innovative Training Program for Undergraduates of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region(Y202410593471)

1. 附录丛枝菌根和外生菌根植物磷获取与利用策略比较.pdf(431KB)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

磷作为植物生长发育所必需的营养元素, 其生物有效性深刻影响着生态系统的结构与功能。绝大多数植物通过与丛枝菌根(AM)或外生菌根(ECM)真菌建立共生关系, 显著增强其获取与利用磷的能力。然而, 尽管大量研究探讨了AM和ECM植物在磷获取与利用策略上的差异, 但鲜见有研究对此进行系统总结。该文通过梳理国内外研究进展, 从根系形态与构型、根系生理性状、根系与微生物相互作用以及磷重吸收效率4个方面, 系统综述了AM和ECM植物磷获取与利用策略研究进展。结果表明, AM和ECM植物在磷获取与利用策略上呈现显著差异: AM植物通常与快速矿化有机物的微生物形成互利关系, 胞外酶分泌能力有限, 偏好吸收无机磷, 采用“获取型”策略; 而ECM植物分泌胞外酶等分泌物的能力较强, 能够利用有机磷, 采取“保守型”策略。最后, 针对当前研究中存在的不足, 该文提出了未来需要重点关注的研究方向。该文有助于深化对菌根介导的磷循环过程、物种共存及生产力维持机制的理解, 并为农林业生产与生态修复实践中的物种选择与配置以及养分管理提供理论依据。

关键词: 磷获取策略, 丛枝菌根, 外生菌根, 根系性状, 菌丝性状, 根系分泌物, 微生物

Abstract:

Phosphorus (P) is an essential macronutrient for plant growth and development, and its bioavailability has a profound impact on the structure and function of ecosystems. Most plants form symbiotic associations with either arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi or ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi, which can significantly enhance their ability to acquire and utilize P. Although numerous studies have explored the differences in P acquisition and utilization strategies between AM and ECM plants, few have systematically synthesized these strategies. In this paper, we comprehensively review the P acquisition and utilization strategies from four perspectives: root morphology and architecture, root physiological traits, root-microbe interactions, and P resorption efficiency. It is concluded here that there exist significant differences in P acquisition and utilization strategies between AM and ECM plants. Specifically, AM plants usually form a mutually beneficial relationship with microorganisms that rapidly mineralize organic matter, have a limited extracellular enzyme secretion capacity, and prefer to absorb inorganic P, therefore adopting an “acquisition strategy”. In contrast, ECM plants have a strong ability to secrete extracellular enzymes and other secretions that enable them to utilize organic P, and therefore adopt a “conservation strategy”. Finally, this review proposes six research directions that need to be addressed to overcome current limitations in the future research. Overall, this review not only deepens our theoretical understanding of mycorrhizal-mediated P cycling processes, species coexistence, and productivity maintenance mechanisms, but also provides theoretical guidance for species selection, species configuration, and nutrient management in agricultural and forestry production and ecological restoration practices.

Key words: phosphorus acquisition strategies, arbuscular mycorrhiza, ectomycorrhiza, root trait, mycorrhizal trait, root exudate, microorganism

刘润洪, 阳柳蓉, 梁慧婷, 申卫军. 丛枝菌根和外生菌根植物磷获取与利用策略研究进展与展望. 植物生态学报, 2026, 50(3): 566-583. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2025.0153

LIU Run-Hong, YANG Liu-Rong, LIANG Hui-Ting, SHEN Wei-Jun. Research progress and prospect on phosphorus acquisition and utilization strategies of arbuscular mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal plants. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2026, 50(3): 566-583. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2025.0153

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2025.0153

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2026/V50/I3/566

图/表 3

图1 植物磷(P)获取与利用策略示意图(改绘自Zhang et al., 2022; Duan et al., 2025)。植物将部分光合作用固定的碳投资于根系和菌丝的生长, 实现对土壤磷的高效获取(A)。具体而言, 植物主要通过两条途径从土壤中获取磷: 一方面, 植物可以通过根系表皮细胞和根毛直接吸收根际土壤中的有效磷(根系途径); 另一方面, 植物通过与真菌形成菌根共生关系, 借助其延伸的菌丝网络吸收远离根际的磷(菌根途径)。当磷以无机磷酸盐形式被植物根系或菌丝吸收后, 在蒸腾作用下, 随着木质部液流向上运输至各个器官(B)。在低磷胁迫下, 植物通过优化体内磷组分的分配和提高磷重吸收效率(C), 显著提高磷利用效率, 从而减少其对外部磷源的依赖。植物衰老后, 地上部以凋落物形式将一部分磷归还土壤(D), 而地下器官则通过根际沉积作用将另一部分磷归还土壤(E)。这些归还土壤的凋落物和根际沉积物经过分解(F)后, 释放的磷可被植物重新吸收利用, 但一部分磷亦可通过地表径流、土壤侵蚀和淋溶等途径从陆地生态系统中流失(G)。Pi, 无机磷; Po, 有机磷; PSMs, 解磷微生物。

Fig. 1 Conceptual framework of phosphorus (P) acquisition and utilization strategies in plants (adapted from Zhang et al., 2022; Duan et al., 2025). To achieve efficient uptake of soil phosphorus (A), plants allocate a portion of the carbon fixed by photosynthesis to root and mycorrhizal fungal growth. Specifically, plants acquire phosphorus from soil primarily through two main pathways: direct uptake available phosphorus from the rhizosphere soil through root epidermal cells and root hairs (root pathway), and uptake by fungal hyphae through mycorrhizal pathway. Once phosphorus is absorbed by plant roots or fungal hyphae in the form of inorganic phosphate, it is transported upward via xylem sap flow to various organs under transpiration pressure (B). Under low-phosphorus stress, plants optimize the allocation of phosphorus within their tissues and increase the efficiency of phosphorus resorption (C), which significantly improves the efficiency of phosphorus utilization and reduces its dependence on external phosphorus sources. After plant senescence, a portion of phosphorus is returned to the soil as litter from the aboveground parts (D), while underground organs return a portion of phosphorus to the soil through rhizodeposition (E). When these returned litter and rhizosphere deposits are decomposed (F), the released phosphorus can be reabsorbed and reused by plants. However, some phosphorus may also be lost from terrestrial ecosystems through pathways such as surface runoff, soil erosion, and leaching (G). Pi, inorganic phosphorus; Po, organic phosphorus; PSMs, phosphate solubilizing microorganisms.

图2 丛枝菌根(AM)和外生菌根(ECM)植物磷获取与利用策略示意图(改自Deng et al., 2023)。Ma, 百万年。三角形的宽度变窄代表数值减小, 而长方形代表研究结论尚存在争议。

Fig. 2 Schematic diagram of phosphorus (P) acquisition and utilization strategies between arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and ectomycorrhizal (ECM) associated plants (modified from Deng et al., 2023). Ma, million years. In the triangles, the thinner side means the lower value, while the rectangle means the research conclusion is still controversial.

图3 丛枝菌根(AM)和外生菌根(ECM)植物磷获取与利用策略研究展望框架。

Fig. 3 A prospective framework for research on phosphorus acquisition and utilization strategies in arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and ectomycorrhizal (ECM) plants.

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丛枝菌根和外生菌根植物磷获取与利用策略研究进展与展望

Research progress and prospect on phosphorus acquisition and utilization strategies of arbuscular mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal plants

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