不同形态氮添加与丛枝菌根真菌对外来入侵植物白花鬼针草竞争力的影响

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2025.0297

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)与入侵植物的共生能显著影响其对于本地植物的竞争力, 且不同形态的氮对入侵植物竞争力的影响也存在差异。在氮沉降日益严重的背景下, 探讨不同形态的氮添加条件下AMF对入侵植物生长与竞争的影响, 能更好地理解入侵植物对土壤氮形态的适应性。该研究采用同质园种植实验, 选择常见入侵植物白花鬼针草(Bidens alba)与伴生本地植物一点红(Emilia sonchifolia), 设置单独种植与混合种植两种种植方式及3个氮处理(铵态氮添加、硝态氮添加、不加氮)和2个微生物处理(有AMF、无AMF), 通过比较不同处理间植物生物量、菌根生长响应和植物总生物量竞争响应, 探究不同形态氮与AMF对入侵植物白花鬼针草竞争力的影响。结果表明: 所有氮处理条件下AMF均显著提高了本地植物一点红的生物量, 且单种时添加硝态氮和AMF对其生物量的促进作用最大, 说明本地植物一点红存在显著的AMF依赖性, 这种依赖性也受土壤氮形态的影响。无论单种还是混种, AMF对入侵植物白花鬼针草均未表现出显著的影响, 在不添加氮时AMF对白花鬼针草竞争响应的提升作用最大, 但并未发现AMF能够帮助入侵植物白花鬼针草适应不同形态的氮来维持其竞争力, 这可能与其具有较强的菌根自调节能力有关。该研究证明植物-AMF共生作用受氮添加与氮形态的影响, 强调了氮形态影响入侵植物菌根响应的重要性, 有助于加深理解氮沉降背景下AMF对入侵植物生长与竞争的影响。

关键词: 丛枝菌根真菌, 氮沉降, 氮形态, 植物入侵, 竞争响应

Abstract:

Aims Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can enhance the competitive ability of invasvie plant against native species, which is likely influenced by soil nitrogen (N) forms. In the context of increasing N deposition, exploring the effects of AMF on the growth and competitiveness of invasive plants under different forms of N addition can enhance our understanding of how invader adapts to soil N patterns shaped by N deposition.

Methods A common garden experiment was conducted using the invasive plant Bidens alba and the native species Emilia sonchifolia. The experimental design included two planting regimes (monoculture and mixture), three N treatments (ammonium nitrogen addition, nitrate nitrogen addition, and no N addition), and two microbial treatments (with or without AMF). By comparing the plant biomass, mycorrhizal growth responses, and competitive responses of total plant biomass among different treatments, this study explores the effects of different forms of N and AMF on the competitive ability of B. alba.

Important findings Under all N treatments, AMF significantly increased the biomass of the native plant E. sonchifolia. Specifically, when grown in monoculture with nitrate addition, AMF exhibited the greatest promoting effect on its biomass, indicating high mycorrhizal dependence in the native species, which is also influenced by soil N forms. AMF did not show a significant impact on the invasive plant B. alba under either monoculture or mixed planting. The greatest enhancement of the competitive response of B. alba by AMF occurred under no N addition, but no evidence was found that AMF could help the invasive plant adapt to different forms of nitrogen to maintain its competitiveness. This may be related to its strong mycorrhizal autoregulation ability. The results suggest that the invasive plant B. alba thrive under high N deposition conditions through direct nutrient uptake pathways and its mycorrhizal autoregulation ability. This study demonstrates that plant-AMF symbiosis is influenced by N addition and N forms, highlighting the importance of N forms in shaping the mycorrhizal responses of invasive plants and deepening our understanding of the role of AMF in growth and competitive response of invasive plants under future N deposition scenarios.

Key words: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, nitrogen deposition, nitrogen form, plant invasion, competitive response

邹纪开, 吴佳怡, 谷云懿, 陈宝明. 不同形态氮添加与丛枝菌根真菌对外来入侵植物白花鬼针草竞争力的影响. 植物生态学报, 2026, 50(3): 722-730. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2025.0297

ZOU Ji-Kai, WU Jia-Yi, GU Yun-Yi, CHEN Bao-Ming. Effects of different nitrogen forms and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on competitive ability of invasive alien plant Bidens alba. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2026, 50(3): 722-730. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2025.0297

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2025.0297

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2026/V50/I3/722

图/表 6

表1 丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)和氮处理(N)及其相互作用对白花鬼针草和一点红总生物量影响的方差分析

Table 1 Results of two-way ANOVA for the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and nitrogen (N) on the total biomass of Bidens alba and Emilia sonchifolia

处理 Treatment	自由度 df	白花鬼针草 B. alba				一点红 E. sonchifolia
处理 Treatment	自由度 df	单种 Monoculture		混种 Mixture		单种 Monoculture		混种 Mixture
		F	p	F	p	F	p	F	p
AMF	1	0.147	0.704	7.537	0.010	251.740	<0.001	149.333	<0.001
N	2	3.235	0.054	16.456	<0.001	7.060	0.003	3.501	0.043
AMF × N	2	0.501	0.611	0.985	0.385	8.259	0.001	4.041	0.028

图1 丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)和氮添加对白花鬼针草和一点红的总生物量的影响(平均值±标准误, n = 6)。+AMF, 有AMF; -AMF, 无AMF。A, 白花鬼针草单种。B, 白花鬼针草混种。C, 一点红单种。D, 一点红混种。不同小写字母表示不同处理之间差异显著(p < 0.05)。CK, 对照(不添加氮)。

Fig. 1 Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and nitrogen (N) addition on the total biomass of Bidens alba and Emilia sonchifolia (mean ± SE, n = 6). +AMF, AMF treatment; -AMF, non-AMF treatment. A, Monocultured B. alba. B, Mixtured B. alba. C, Monocultured E. sonchifolia. D, Mixtured E. sonchifolia. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between treatments (p < 0.05). CK, control (no N addition).

表2 物种(Species)和氮(N)处理对白花鬼针草和一点红菌根生长响应影响的方差分析

Table 2 Results of two-way ANOVA for the effects of species and nitrogen (N) on mycorrhizal growth response of Bidens alba and Emilia sonchifolia

处理 Treatment	自由度 df	单种 Monoculture		混种 Mixture
处理 Treatment	自由度 df	F	p	F	p
Species	1	61.268	<0.001	48.516	<0.001
N	2	3.558	0.041	1.097	0.347
Species × N	2	3.150	0.057	4.091	0.027

图2 氮添加处理下白花鬼针草和一点红的菌根生长响应(平均值±标准误, n = 6)。A, 单种。B, 混种。不同小写字母表示处理之间差异显著(p ≤ 0.05)。CK, 对照(不添加氮)。

Fig. 2 Mycorrhizal growth response of Bidens alba and Emilia sonchifolia under nitrogen addition treatments (means ± SE, n = 6). A, Monoculture. B, Mixture. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between treatments (p < 0.05). CK, control (no N addition).

表3 丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)和氮处理(N)及其交互作用对白花鬼针草和一点红竞争响应的双因素方差分析结果

Table 3 Results of two-way ANOVA for the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), nitrogen addition (N), and their interaction on competitive response of Bidens alba and Emilia sonchifolia

处理 Treatment	自由度 df	白花鬼针草 B. alba		一点红 E. sonchifolia
处理 Treatment	自由度 df	F	p	F	p
AMF	1	4.295	0.047	4.113	0.052
N	2	2.737	0.081	1.190	0.318
AMF × N	2	2.744	0.081	1.054	0.361

图3 丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)和氮处理(N)下白花鬼针草和一点红总生物量的竞争响应(平均值±标准误, n = 6)。+AMF, 有AMF; -AMF, 无AMF。A, 白花鬼针草。B, 一点红。不同小写字母表示处理之间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 3 Competitive response of total biomass of Bidens alba and Emilia sonchifolia under arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and nitrogen (N) treatments (means ± SE, n = 6). +AMF, AMF treatment. -AMF, non-AMF treatment. A, Bidens alba. B, Emilia sonchifolia. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between treatments (p < 0.05).

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