太白红杉林斑块结构与群落特征

doi:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.03.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

根据森林循环理论, 森林群落的动态是处于不同发育阶段的镶嵌系统。通过调查太白山亚高山针叶林带太白红杉 (Larix chinensis) 林的结构, 确定出4种斑块阶段 (林窗阶段、建立阶段、成熟阶段和衰退阶段), 研究了森林斑块动态变化和生物多样性变化规律, 并测定分析了不同斑块类型内光照和温度的日变化规律。结果表明:1) 群落内不同斑块类型的比例分别是:林窗阶段40.3%, 建立阶段34.0%, 成熟阶段17.2%, 退化阶段8.5%。2) 不同斑块类型内, 环境因子 (光照和温度等) 的日变化差异明显。其中, 在林窗阶段的光照强度和土壤表面温度要比其他3个阶段变化更大。3) 森林循环过程中, 不同高度和不同径级个体的密度存在着明显差异。4) 平均胸径、高度和平均基面积、个体平均体积和立地材积均随着森林的循环而增加。5) 森林循环过程中, 生物多样性的变化为波形的。运用自然干扰与斑块动态理论, 解释了太白红杉林循环过程中不同斑块之间生物多样性存在差异的可能原因。

关键词: 太白红杉, 斑块结构, 亚高山针叶林, 物种多样性

Abstract:

Aims According to forest-growth-cycle theory, forest communities are dynamic, mosaic systems composed of patches in different developmental phases. Our purposes were to describe the patch mosaic patterns, quantify the distribution patterns of different patch types and compare the species composition and similarities of different patch types in the forest cycle.

Methods We recognized four distinct growth phases or patch types in Larix chinensis forest on Mt. Taibai, China and studied patterns of patch mosaics and changes in species diversity. We measured and analyzed diurnal changes in light and temperature regimes in different patch types.

Important findings The percentages of different patch types were gap phase 40.3%, building phase 34.0%, mature phase 17.2% and degenerate phase 8.5%. Environmental factors changed significantly, both diurnally and during the forest cycle. Light intensity and soil surface temperature changed more in the gap phase than the other three phases. There were significant differences in tree densities in the forest growth cycle. Average diameter at breast height (DBH), height, basal area, volume per individual and stand volume all increased during the forest cycle. Changes of species diversity with the forest growth cycle showed a wave-like pattern. The theories of natural disturbance and patch dynamics have dramatically advanced our knowledge of biodiversity maintenance.

Key words: Larix chinensis, patch structure, subalpine conifer forest, species diversity

段仁燕, 王孝安, 黄敏毅, 王志高, 汪超. 太白红杉林斑块结构与群落特征. 植物生态学报, 2009, 33(3): 460-468. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.03.005

DUAN Ren-Yan, WANG Xiao-An, HUANG Min-Yi, WANG Zhi-Gao, WANG Chao. PATCH STRUCTURE AND COMMUNITY CHARACTERISTICS OF LARIX CHINENSIS FOREST ON MT. TAIBAI, CHINA. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2009, 33(3): 460-468. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.03.005

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.03.005

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2009/V33/I3/460

图/表 10

图1 太白红杉林1 hm2样地内 (400个5 m×5 m) 小斑块的分布

Fig.1 Diagram of patch mosaics in a 1 hm2 area (400× (5 m×5 m) quadrates combined) in Larix chinensis forest

图2 太白红杉林不同斑块 (G、B、M、D) 光照强度的日变化

Fig.2 Diurnal changes of light intensity in different patch types (G, B, M and D) in Larix chinensis forest

图3 太白红杉林不同斑块 (G、B、M、D) 空气温度的日变化

Fig.3 Diurnal air-temperature changes in different patch types (G, B, M and D) in Larix chinensis forest

图4 太白红杉林不同斑块 (G、B、M、D) 土壤表面温度的日变化

Fig.4 Diurnal changes of soil surface temperature in dif-ferent patch types (G, B, M and D) in Larix chinensis forest

表1 不同类型斑块土壤表面最高温度与最低温度

Table 1 The maximum and minimum temperatures at the soil surface in different patch types in Larix chinensis forest

表2 不同斑块内环境因子的差异 (平均值±标准偏差)

Table 2 Variations of selected environment factors in different patch types in Larix chinensis forest (mean±SD)

表3 不同斑块内物种出现的频率 (%)

Table 3 The presence frequencies of selected species in different patch types in Larix chinensis forest (%)

表4 不同斑块内不同高度和不同大小径级内密度的变化 (平均值±标准偏差)

Table 4 The average densities of trees of different height and size (diameter at breast height, DBH) classes in different patch types in Larix chinensis forest (ind.·hm-2) (mean±SD)

表5 不同斑块内群落特征的差异 (平均值±标准偏差)

Table 5 Variations of selected factors in different patch types in Larix chinensis forest (mean±SD)

表6 不同斑块内物种多样性指数的差异

Table 6 Species diversity indexes for tree species in dif-ferent patch types in Larix chinensis forest

参考文献 23

[1]	Chen ZS, Hsieh CF, Jiang FY, Hsieh TH, Sun IF (1997). Relations of soil properties to topography and vegeta-tion in a subtropical rain forest in southern Taiwan. Plant Ecology, 132,229-241. DOI URL
[2]	Cierjacks A, Ruhr NK, Wesche K, Hensen I (2007). Effects of altitude and livestock on the regeneration of two tree line forming Polylepis species in Ecuador. Plant Ecology, 194,207-221. DOI URL
[3]	Cui HT, Dai JH, Tang ZY (1999). Stability of alpine timber line ecotone on Taibai Mountain, China. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 11,207-210.
[4]	Duan RY (段仁燕), Wang XA (王孝安) (2005). Intraspeci-fic and interspecific competiotion in Larix chinensis. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica (植物生态学报), 29,242-250. (in Chinese with English abstract) DOI
[5]	Duan RY (段仁燕), Wang XA (王孝安), Huang MY (黄敏毅) (2007). The size structure and competition rela-tionship of mixed-conifer forest types of Larix chinen-sis on Taibai Mountain, China. Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报), 27,4919-4924. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[6]	Fang JY, Wang GG, Liu GH, Xu SL (1998). Forest biomass of China, an estimate based on the biomass-volume relationship. Ecology Application, 8,1984-1991.
[7]	Guo ZG (郭正刚), Liu HX (刘慧霞), Sun XG (孙学刚), Cheng GD (程国栋) (2003). Characteristics of species diversity of plant communities in the upper reaches of Bailong River. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica (植物生态学报), 27,388-395. (in Chinese with English abstract) DOI
[8]	Huston MA (1994). Biological Diversity:the Coexistence of Species on Changing Landscapes. Cambridge Univer-sity Press, New York.
[9]	Jiang LH (姜联合), Wang JZ (王建中), Zheng YR (郑元润) (2004). Foliage projective cover, effective tool for de-scribing structure of plant communities. Acta Botanica Yunnanica (云南植物研究), 26,166-172. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]	Lertzman KP, Sutherland GD, Inselberg A, Saunders SC (1996). Canopy gaps and the landscape mosaic in a coastal temperate rain forest. Ecology, 77,1254-1270. DOI URL
[11]	Li XG (李旭光), He WM (何维明), Dong M (董鸣) (1997). A preliminary study on gap dynamics of Gordonia acuminata population in Jinyun Mountain. Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报), 17,543-548. (in Chi-nese with English abstract).
[12]	Liang XD (梁晓东), Ye WH (叶万辉) (2001). Advances in study on forest caps. Journal of Tropical and Sub-tropical Botany (热带亚热带植物学报), 9,355-364. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]	Ma KP (马克平), Huang JH (黄建辉), Yu SL (于顺利), Chen LZ (陈灵芝) (1995). Plant community diversity in Dongling Mountain, Beijing, China2—Species richness,evenness and species diversities. Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报), 15,268-277. (in Chi-nese with English abstract).
[14]	Moloney K, Levin SA (1996). The effects of disturbance architecture on landscape-level population dynamics. Ecology, 77,375-394. DOI URL
[15]	Ott RA, Juday GP (2002). Canopy gap characteristics and their implications for management in the temperate rainforests of southeast Alaska. Forest Ecology and Management, 159,271-291. DOI URL
[16]	Thomas LP, William JP (1989). Gap light regimes influence canopy tree diversity. Ecology, 70,553-555. DOI URL
[17]	Valverde T, Silvertown J (1997). Canopy closure rate andforest structure. Ecology, 78,1555-1562. DOI URL
[18]	Watt AS (1947). Pattern and process in the plant community. Journal of Ecology, 35,1-22. DOI URL
[19]	Whitmore TC (1989). Canopy gaps and the two major groups of forest trees. Ecology, 70,536-538. DOI URL
[20]	Yan GQ (闫桂琴), Zhao GF (赵桂仿), Hu ZH (胡正海), Yue M (岳明) (2001). Population structure and dy-namics of Larix chinensis in Qinling Mountain. Chi-nese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 12,824-828. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[21]	Zang RG (臧润国), Liu T (刘涛), Guo ZL (郭忠凌), Gao WT (高文韬) (1998). Gap disturbance regime in a broad leaved-Korean pine forest in the Changbai Mountain Natural Reserve. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica (植物生态学报), 22,135-142. (in Chinese with Eng-lish abstract).
[22]	Zang RG, Wang BS (2002). Study on canopy disturbance regime and mechanism of tree species diversity main-tenance in the lower subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest, South China. Plant Biosystems, 136,241-250. DOI URL
[23]	Zhang WH (张文辉), Wang YP (王延平), Kang YX (康永祥), Liu XJ (刘祥君) (2004). Age structure and time sequence prediction of populations of an endangered plant, Larix potaninii var. chinensis.Biodiversity Sci-ence (生物多样性), 12,361-369. (in Chinese with English abstract) DOI