海水处理对不同产地菊芋幼苗光合作用及叶绿素荧光特性的影响

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2006.0105

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

种植抗盐耐海水经济作物是合理开发利用沿海滩涂和海水资源、培育耐盐植物的有效措施之一。该研究以不同产地菊芋(Helianthus tuberosus)为试验材料研究了海水处理对菊芋幼苗生长、光合作用和叶绿素荧光特性的影响。结果表明:1)随着海水浓度的增加,各地菊芋幼苗根、地上部的鲜重和干重均降低,但盐城菊芋幼苗地上部和根鲜重及干重降低的幅度小于武威和烟台菊芋幼苗。2)随着海水浓度的增加,各地菊芋叶片的净光合速率(P_n)、蒸腾速率(T_r)、水分利用效率(WUE)、气孔导度(G_s)和气孔限制值(L_s)均降低,而细胞间隙CO₂浓度(C_i)增大,且在各处理下盐城菊芋较武威和烟台菊芋叶片P_n和T_r大,而盐城菊芋在15%海水处理下,WUE和C_i较武威及烟台菊芋低,G_s和L_s较武威和烟台菊芋高。3)随着海水浓度的增加,各地菊芋叶片的初始荧光(F_o)、最大荧光(F_m)、可变荧光(F_v)、恒态荧光(F_s)、恒态荧光与初始荧光差值(ΔF_o)、PSⅡ潜在光化学效率(F_v/F_o)和PSⅡ最大光化学效率(F_v/F_m)均降低,且在各处理下盐城菊芋较武威和烟台菊芋叶片F_m、F_v、F_s、F_v/F_o大。随着海水浓度的增加,盐城菊芋叶片电子传递速率(ETR)、光化学荧光猝灭系数(q_P)和光化学速率变化幅度不大,武威和烟台菊芋在30%海水处理下显著下降,较盐城菊芋小,各处理下菊芋叶片的PSⅡ实际光化学效率(Φ_PSⅡ)变化也不一致,盐城和武威菊芋叶片的Φ_PSⅡ在15%海水处理较0和30%海水处理下大,而烟台菊芋叶片的Φ_PSⅡ在0海水处理下最大。4)随着海水浓度的增加,各地菊芋叶片的叶绿素a(Chla)含量均降低,而叶绿素b(Chlb)含量没显著差异,且在各处理下盐城菊芋较武威和烟台菊芋叶片Chla含量大,武威和盐城菊芋叶片的Chla/Chlb比值均降低,烟台菊芋叶片的Chla/Chlb比值在0和15%海水处理下没差异。可见海水处理对菊芋幼苗生长发育、光合作用和叶绿素荧光特性均有影响,随海水浓度的增加,其效应越明显,但对各来源地菊芋幼苗的影响不一致,盐城菊芋幼苗表现为更耐海水。

关键词: 海水处理, 菊芋, 光合作用, 叶绿素荧光

Abstract:

Background and Aims Growing plants that are tolerant to saltwater is an option for use of coastal mudflats and application of seawater.

Methods Pot experiments were carried out to study the effects of the seawater on photosynthesis and chlorophyll Ⅱ fluorescence of Helianthus tuberosus seedlings from three different regions, Yancheng (YC), Wuwei (WW), and Yantai (YT). Three different concentrations of seawater were applied: 0 (CK), 15%, and 30% seawater.

Key Results Fresh and dry weights of roots and shoots of seedlings decreased with increasing seawater concentrations for all regions, but less at YC. Net photosynthetic rate (P_n), transpiration rate (T_r), water use efficiency (WUE), stomatal conductance (G_s), and stomatal limitation (L_s) decreased with increasing seawater concentration for all regions; however, intracellular CO₂ (C_i) increased with increasing seawater concentration. The P_n and T_r were the highest for YC, whereas WUE and C_i were lower and G_s and L_s were higher than those for WW and YT with the 15% seawater treatment. Minimal fluorescence (F_o), maximum fluorescence (F_m), variable fluorescence (F_v), stable fluorescence (F_s), difference between F_s and F_o (ΔF_o), PSⅡ potential fluorescence efficiency (F_v/F_o), and PSⅡ maximum fluorescence efficiency (F_v/F_m) all decreased with increasing seawater concentration. Values of F_m, F_v, F_s, and F_v/F_o were the highest for YC. Electronic transfer rate (ETR), photochemical quench (q_P), and photochemistry rate of YC leaves changed slightly. Compared to the controls, values for WW and YT all decreased markedly with 30% seawater and were lower than for YC. The PSⅡ actual fluorescence efficiency (Φ_PSⅡ) changed differently with different treatments. The Φ_PSⅡ for YC and WW was the highest with 15% seawater than other seawater concentration, and Φ_PSⅡ for YT was highest with CK. The Chla contents all decreased and Chlb contents changed slightly with increasing seawater concentration. The ratio of Chla and Chlb for WW and YC deceased with increasing seawater concentration, and the ratio for YT changed slightly with the 0 and 15% seawater treatments.

Conclusions Seawater suppressed the growth, photosynthesis, and chlorophyll Ⅱ fluorescence of H. tuberosus seedlings, and effects increased with increasing seawater concentration. Seedlings grown in the YC region were less affected by seawater than those in the WW and YT regions.

Key words: Helianthus tuberosus, Chlorophyll Ⅱ fluorescence, Photosynthesis, Treatment of seawater

隆小华, 刘兆普, 蒋云芳, 陈铭达, 王琳. 海水处理对不同产地菊芋幼苗光合作用及叶绿素荧光特性的影响. 植物生态学报, 2006, 30(5): 827-834. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2006.0105

LONG Xiao-Hua, LIU Zhao-Pu, JIANG Yun-Fang, CHEN Ming-Da, WANG Lin. EFFECTS OF SEAWATER ON PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE IN HELIANTHUS TUBEROSUS SEEDLINGS IN DIFFERENT REGIONS. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2006, 30(5): 827-834. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2006.0105

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2006.0105

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2006/V30/I5/827

图/表 5

表1 海水处理对菊芋幼苗鲜重及干重的影响(g·株-1)

Table 1 Effects of seawater treatment on biomass fresh weight (FW) and dry weight (DW) of aerial parts and roots of Helianthus tuberosus seedlings (g·plant-1)

处理 Treatment	0							15%						30%
	鲜重 FW			干重 DW				鲜重 FW		干重 DW				鲜重 FW		干重 DW
	根 Root	地上部 Shoot		根 Root	地上部 Shoot		根 Root		地上部 Shoot	根 Root	地上部 Shoot		根 Root	地上部 Shoot	根 Root	地上部 Shoot
武威 Wuwei	6.22^a		5.78^a	0.40^a		0.77^a		5.85^a	4.77^b	0.36^ab		0.65^b		5.09^b	3.59^c	0.32^b	0.55^c
盐城 Yancheng	7.65^a		6.26^a	0.50^a		0.88^a		7.40^a	5.97^a	0.48^a		0.87^a		6.75^b	4.53^b	0.41^b	0.72^b
烟台 Yantai	7.46^a		5.89^a	0.46^a		0.78^a		7.04^a	4.90^b	0.43^a		0.71^a		4.92^b	3.15^c	0.31^b	0.47^b

图1 海水处理对菊芋幼苗叶片净光合速率、蒸腾速率、水分利用效率、细胞间隙CO2浓度、气孔导度和气孔限制值的影响

Fig.1 Effects of seawater treatment on net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), water use efficiency (WUE), internal CO2 concentration (Ci), stomatal conductance (Gs) and stomatal limitation (Ls) of Helianthus tuberosus seedling leaves

图2 海水处理对菊芋幼苗叶片初始荧光、最大荧光、可变荧光、恒态荧光、恒态荧光与初始荧光差值和PSⅡ实际光化学效率的影响图例同图1

Fig.2 Effects of seawater treatment on minimal fluorescence (Fo), maximum fluorescence (Fm), variable fluorescence (Fv), stable fluorescence (Fs), difference between Fs and Fo (ΔFo), PSⅡ actual fluorescence efficiency (ΦPSⅡ) of Helianthus tuberosus seedling leaves Legends see Fig. 1

图3 海水处理对菊芋幼苗叶片电子传递速率、光化学荧光猝灭系数和光化学速率的影响图例同图1

Fig.3 Effect of seawater treatment on electronic transfer rate (ETR), photochemical quench (qP) and photochemistry rate of Helianthus tuberosus seedling leaves Legends see Fig. 1

图4 海水处理对菊芋幼苗叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b和叶绿素a/叶绿素b的影响图例同图1

Fig.4 Effect of seawater treatment on chlorophyll a content, chlorophyll b content and ratio of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b of Helianthus tuberosus seedling leaves Legends see Fig. 1

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