黑河上游祁连山区青海云杉生长状况及其潜在分布区的模拟

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.00605

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

根据Hutchinson的n维超体积概念以及物种与资源利用之间的关系, 构建了青海云杉(Picea crassifolia)在三维环境资源空间中的生物-地理模型, 并利用该模型模拟了青海云杉的潜在分布及其对环境资源的利用状况。结果表明: 青海云杉在生长季平均气温、多年平均降水量及太阳直接辐射三维环境资源空间上的最佳配置为9 ℃、360 mm和1.9 × 10³ kW·h·m^-2; 用三元方程式的拟合结果在大范围上预测了青海云杉的潜在分布区, 并给出了其在对应地理位置上的生长状况。

关键词: 基础生态位, 青海云杉, 潜在分布, 资源利用

Abstract:

Aims Study of the spatial distributions of species is important to biogeography. Studies can provide the foundation for ecological conservation and restoration. Therefore, our objective is to estimate Qinghai spruce’s (Picea crassifolia) potential distribution and assess its growth status in the upper reaches of the Heihe River in the Qilian Mountains of China.

Methods We built a biogeographical model of Qinghai spruce in environmental resource space at three dimensions based on concepts of Hutchinson’s n-dimensional hypervolume and relationships between species and resource utilization. The model requires data on species distribution and environmental variables important in the growth of the species. Data on the distribution of Qinghai spruce were obtained using Landsat TM data with supervised classification and decision-trees technology. The three most important environmental variables, i.e., mean growing season air temperature, mean annual precipitation and solar radiation, were spatialized with GIS technology.

Important findings The optimal combination of the three environmental variables (mean growing season air temperature, mean annual precipitation and solar radiation) in the area of Qinghai spruce distribution is 9 °C, 360 mm and 1.9 × 10³ kW·h·m^-2, respectively. The model is built to estimate Qinghai spruce’s potential distribution in a large area and to assess the species’ growth status at corresponding geographical positions. Our model provides a universal function that incorporates multiple environmental variables to estimate the species’ potential distribution and growth status in other regions.

Key words: fundamental niche, Picea crassifolia, potential distribution, resource utilization

彭守璋, 赵传燕, 许仲林, 王超, 柳逸月. 黑河上游祁连山区青海云杉生长状况及其潜在分布区的模拟. 植物生态学报, 2011, 35(6): 605-614. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.00605

PENG Shou-Zhang, ZHAO Chuan-Yan, XU Zhong-Lin, WANG Chao, LIU Yi-Yue. Potential distribution of Qinghai spruce and assessment of its growth status in the upper reaches of the Heihe River in the Qilian Mountains of China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2011, 35(6): 605-614. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.00605

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.00605

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2011/V35/I6/605

图/表 11

图1 研究区位置、数字高程模型以及样点分布图。

Fig. 1 Location and digital elevation model (DEM) of study area and distribution of sampling plots.

图2 研究区和青海云杉分布区在多年生长季平均气温梯度上所占栅格数的分布图。

Fig. 2 Distribution of grids for both study area and Picea crassifolia area with the gradient of average air temperature in growing season.

图3 研究区和青海云杉分布区在多年平均降水量梯度上所占栅格数的分布图。

Fig. 3 Distribution of grids for both study area and Picea crassifolia forest area with the gradient of average annual precipitation.

图4 研究区和青海云杉分布区在太阳辐射梯度上所占栅格数的分布图。

Fig. 4 Distribution of grids for both study area and Picea crassifolia area with the gradient of solar radiation.

图5 青海云杉分布频数在太阳辐射梯度上的拟合图。

Fig. 5 Fitting of Picea crassifolia’s distribution frequency with gradient of solar radiation.

图6 青海云杉分布频数在年平均降水量和生长季平均气温梯度上的拟合图。

Fig. 6 Fitting of Picea crassifolia distribution frequency with the gradients of average annual precipitation and average air temperature in growing season.

图7 青海云杉分布频数在年平均降水量和太阳辐射梯度上的拟合图。

Fig. 7 Fitting of Picea crassifolia distribution frequency with the gradients of average annual precipitation and solar radiation.

图8 青海云杉分布频数在年平均降水量、生长季平均气温及太阳辐射梯度上的散点图。

Fig. 8 Scatter plots of Picea crassifolia distribution frequency with the gradients of average annual precipitation, average air temperature in growing season and solar radiation.

图9 研究区内青海云杉的潜在分布及其生长状况。

Fig. 9 Potential distribution of Picea crassifolia and its growth status in the study area.

图10 不同海拔梯度上青海云杉栅格数占不同高度带栅格数的比率。

Fig. 10 Ratio of grids occupied by Picea crassifolia to total grids in different elevation zones.

图11 模拟的青海云杉生长状况与样地基底面积的散点图。

Fig. 11 Scatter plots between estimated growth status and basal area of Picea crassifolia.

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