植物生态学报 ›› 2006, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (4): 682-688.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2006.0089
常思敏, 马新明*(), 张贵龙, 熊淑萍, 詹克慧, 刘国顺
收稿日期:
2005-06-08
接受日期:
2005-10-17
出版日期:
2006-06-08
发布日期:
2006-07-30
通讯作者:
马新明
作者简介:
*E-mail:xinmingma@371.net基金资助:
CHANG Si-Min, MA Xin-Ming*(), ZHANG Gui-Long, XIONG Shu-Ping, ZHAN Ke-Hui, LIU Guo-Shun
Received:
2005-06-08
Accepted:
2005-10-17
Online:
2006-06-08
Published:
2006-07-30
Contact:
MA Xin-Ming
摘要:
采用盆栽试验,系统地研究了砷对烤烟全生育期的碳氮代谢及其产量和品质的影响。结果表明,砷毒害对烤烟全生育期的碳代谢有显著影响,抑制了碳的同化和转化,降低了整个生育期的叶绿素含量、光合速率,造成了全生育期可溶性糖的积累,导致了生育后期淀粉含量的降低,最终使碳积累减少。砷毒害也改变了烤烟的氮代谢,造成生育前期氮同化能力的降低,表现出硝酸还原酶(NR)活性下降、总氮和蛋白质含量低于CK。砷毒害烤烟的氮转化表现活跃,提高了其中的游离氨基酸含量和谷氨酸-丙酮酸转氨酶(GPT)活性,最终导致烤烟生育中后期总氮和蛋白质的积累,但使整个生育期的烟碱含量降低。研究还表明,砷毒害降低了烤烟的产量和经济性状,增加了叶片中砷的积累,可溶性总糖含量的提高和糖氮比的协调虽好,但烟碱含量的降低和总氮、蛋白质含量的增加,以及糖碱比和氮碱比的失调,不利于碳氮代谢有关的化学品质形成。
常思敏, 马新明, 张贵龙, 熊淑萍, 詹克慧, 刘国顺. 砷对烤烟碳氮代谢及其产量和品质的影响. 植物生态学报, 2006, 30(4): 682-688. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2006.0089
CHANG Si-Min, MA Xin-Ming, ZHANG Gui-Long, XIONG Shu-Ping, ZHAN Ke-Hui, LIU Guo-Shun. EFFECTS OF ARSENIC TOXICITY ON CARBON AND NITROGEN METABOLISM AND THE YIELD AND QUALITY OF FLUE-CURED TOBACCO. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2006, 30(4): 682-688. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2006.0089
处理 Treatments (mg·kg-1) | 叶绿素含量 Chlorophyll content (mg·g-1 FW) | 光合速率 Photosynthetic rate (μmol·m-2·s-1) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
团棵期 Rosette stage | 现蕾期 Budding stage | 采收期 Harvest stage | 团棵期 Rosette stage | 现蕾期 Budding stage | 采收期 Harvest stage | ||||
对照 CK | 2.729aA | 1.497aA | 0.725aA | 9.34aA | 9.49NS | 4.01abA | |||
5 | 2.198bB | 1.486bA | 0.554eE | 8.36abA | 9.48NS | 5.05aA | |||
20 | 1.657cC | 1.300dC | 0.682cC | 7.45bB | 8.49NS | 3.56bA | |||
40 | 1.515dD | 1.119eD | 0.642dD | 6.84bcB | 9.41NS | 1.58cB | |||
60 | 0.925eE | 1.334cB | 0.704bB | 6.74cB | 8.45NS | 1.63cB |
表1 砷对烤烟叶绿素含量和光合速率的影响
Table 1 Effects of arsenic on chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate in flue-cured tobacco
处理 Treatments (mg·kg-1) | 叶绿素含量 Chlorophyll content (mg·g-1 FW) | 光合速率 Photosynthetic rate (μmol·m-2·s-1) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
团棵期 Rosette stage | 现蕾期 Budding stage | 采收期 Harvest stage | 团棵期 Rosette stage | 现蕾期 Budding stage | 采收期 Harvest stage | ||||
对照 CK | 2.729aA | 1.497aA | 0.725aA | 9.34aA | 9.49NS | 4.01abA | |||
5 | 2.198bB | 1.486bA | 0.554eE | 8.36abA | 9.48NS | 5.05aA | |||
20 | 1.657cC | 1.300dC | 0.682cC | 7.45bB | 8.49NS | 3.56bA | |||
40 | 1.515dD | 1.119eD | 0.642dD | 6.84bcB | 9.41NS | 1.58cB | |||
60 | 0.925eE | 1.334cB | 0.704bB | 6.74cB | 8.45NS | 1.63cB |
处理 Treatments (mg·kg-1) | 可溶性糖含量 Soluble sugar content (μg·g-1 FW) | 淀粉含量 Starch content (μg·g-1 FW) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
团棵期 Rosette stage | 现蕾期 Budding stage | 采收期 Harvest stage | 现蕾期 Budding stage | 采收期 Harvest stage | ||
对照CK | 4.909bB | 14.900dD | 12.940bB | 59.368bB | 49.270aA | |
5 | 12.042aA | 18.349bcBC | 18.535aA | 70.795aA | 41.885bAB | |
20 | 10.138aA | 21.549aAB | 17.329aA | 66.513aA | 30.382cC | |
40 | 9.969aA | 22.337aA | 17.128aA | 65.261abAB | 31.980cBC | |
60 | 9.742aA | 16.218cdCD | 16.631aA | 38.925cC | 18.977dD |
表2 砷对烤烟可溶性糖和淀粉含量的影响
Table 2 Effects of arsenic on the content of soluble sugar and starch in flue-cured tobacco
处理 Treatments (mg·kg-1) | 可溶性糖含量 Soluble sugar content (μg·g-1 FW) | 淀粉含量 Starch content (μg·g-1 FW) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
团棵期 Rosette stage | 现蕾期 Budding stage | 采收期 Harvest stage | 现蕾期 Budding stage | 采收期 Harvest stage | ||
对照CK | 4.909bB | 14.900dD | 12.940bB | 59.368bB | 49.270aA | |
5 | 12.042aA | 18.349bcBC | 18.535aA | 70.795aA | 41.885bAB | |
20 | 10.138aA | 21.549aAB | 17.329aA | 66.513aA | 30.382cC | |
40 | 9.969aA | 22.337aA | 17.128aA | 65.261abAB | 31.980cBC | |
60 | 9.742aA | 16.218cdCD | 16.631aA | 38.925cC | 18.977dD |
处理 Treatments (mg·kg-1) | 总氮含量 Total nitrogen content (g·kg-1 DW) | NR活性 NR activity (μg·g-1 FW·h-1) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
团棵期 Rosette stage | 现蕾期 Budding stage | 采收期 Harvest stage | 现蕾期 Budding stage | 采收期 Harvest stage | ||
对照CK | 13.637aA | 7.933cB | 6.067bA | 0.994aA | 0.524bcBC | |
5 | 13.015abA | 11.200aA | 6.066bA | 0.983aA | 0.348dD | |
20 | 12.081bA | 9.178bB | 7.000aA | 0.463bB | 0.573bB | |
40 | 7.622cB | 11.200aA | 4.200cB | 0.399bB | 0.726aA | |
60 | 7.911cB | 11.822aA | 7.637aA | 0.279cC | 0.457cCD |
表3 砷对烤烟总氮含量和NR活性的影响
Table 3 Effects of arsenic on total nitrogen content and NR activity in flue-cured tobacco
处理 Treatments (mg·kg-1) | 总氮含量 Total nitrogen content (g·kg-1 DW) | NR活性 NR activity (μg·g-1 FW·h-1) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
团棵期 Rosette stage | 现蕾期 Budding stage | 采收期 Harvest stage | 现蕾期 Budding stage | 采收期 Harvest stage | ||
对照CK | 13.637aA | 7.933cB | 6.067bA | 0.994aA | 0.524bcBC | |
5 | 13.015abA | 11.200aA | 6.066bA | 0.983aA | 0.348dD | |
20 | 12.081bA | 9.178bB | 7.000aA | 0.463bB | 0.573bB | |
40 | 7.622cB | 11.200aA | 4.200cB | 0.399bB | 0.726aA | |
60 | 7.911cB | 11.822aA | 7.637aA | 0.279cC | 0.457cCD |
处理 Treatments (mg·kg-1) | 蛋白质含量 Protein content (g·kg-1 DW) | 烟碱含量 Nicotine content (g·kg-1 DW) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
团棵期 Rosette stage | 现蕾期 Budding stage | 采收期 Harvest stage | 团棵期 Rosette stage | 现蕾期 Budding stage | 采收期 Harvest stage | ||||
对照CK | 83.742aA | 45.879cB | 33.092bB | 0.238a | 0.593aA | 0.772aA | |||
5 | 79.390abA | 66.396aA | 33.473bB | 0.312ab | 0.577aA | 0.710aA | |||
20 | 74.221bA | 53.681bB | 41.206aAB | 0.206b | 0.589aA | 0.407bB | |||
40 | 46.619cB | 66.477aA | 24.417cB | 0.163b | 0.564aA | 0.293cB | |||
60 | 48.617cB | 71.761aA | 46.065aA | 0.132b | 0.340bB | 0.266cB |
表4 砷对烤烟蛋白质和烟碱含量的影响
Table 4 Effects of arsenic on the content of protein and nicotine in flue-cured tobacco
处理 Treatments (mg·kg-1) | 蛋白质含量 Protein content (g·kg-1 DW) | 烟碱含量 Nicotine content (g·kg-1 DW) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
团棵期 Rosette stage | 现蕾期 Budding stage | 采收期 Harvest stage | 团棵期 Rosette stage | 现蕾期 Budding stage | 采收期 Harvest stage | ||||
对照CK | 83.742aA | 45.879cB | 33.092bB | 0.238a | 0.593aA | 0.772aA | |||
5 | 79.390abA | 66.396aA | 33.473bB | 0.312ab | 0.577aA | 0.710aA | |||
20 | 74.221bA | 53.681bB | 41.206aAB | 0.206b | 0.589aA | 0.407bB | |||
40 | 46.619cB | 66.477aA | 24.417cB | 0.163b | 0.564aA | 0.293cB | |||
60 | 48.617cB | 71.761aA | 46.065aA | 0.132b | 0.340bB | 0.266cB |
处理 Treatment (mg·kg-1) | 单株产量 Yield per plant (g) | 单株产值 Value per plant (yuan) | 均价 Average price (yuan·kg-1) | 上中等烟比例 Ratio of high level (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
对照CK | 109.02aA | 0.760aA | 6.953a | 91.58aA |
5 | 104.75aA | 0.576bB | 5.499b | 79.04bcB |
20 | 103.68bA | 0.529bB | 5.102b | 82.01bcB |
40 | 88.49bB | 0.538bB | 5.741ab | 78.69bcB |
60 | 61.60cC | 0.377cC | 6.120ab | 75.17cB |
表5 砷对烤烟产量和经济性状的影响
Table 5 Effects of arsenic on yield and economic properties of flue-cured tobacco
处理 Treatment (mg·kg-1) | 单株产量 Yield per plant (g) | 单株产值 Value per plant (yuan) | 均价 Average price (yuan·kg-1) | 上中等烟比例 Ratio of high level (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
对照CK | 109.02aA | 0.760aA | 6.953a | 91.58aA |
5 | 104.75aA | 0.576bB | 5.499b | 79.04bcB |
20 | 103.68bA | 0.529bB | 5.102b | 82.01bcB |
40 | 88.49bB | 0.538bB | 5.741ab | 78.69bcB |
60 | 61.60cC | 0.377cC | 6.120ab | 75.17cB |
处理 Treatment (mg·kg-1) | 总砷含量 Total As content (mg·kg-1) | 总糖含量 Total sugar content (TS) (g·kg-1) | 总氮含量 Total nitrogen content (TN) (g·kg-1) | 烟碱含量 Nicotine content (Nico) (g·kg-1) | 蛋白质含量 Protein content (Pro) (g·kg-1) | 糖碱比 TS/Nico | 氮碱比 TN/Nico | 施木克值 TS/Pro |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
对照CK | 0.712aA | 16.543bB | 4.900b | 0.642aA | 26.611bcB | 25.763bB | 7.627cB | 0.607b |
5 | 2.538bB | 19.724aA | 5.431a | 0.743aA | 29.300abA | 31.196bB | 8.591bcB | 0.674b |
20 | 7.595cC | 18.896aA | 5.367a | 0.534bA | 30.202abA | 33.302bB | 10.137bcB | 0.593b |
40 | 12.614dD | 19.342aA | 4.122b | 0.364cB | 23.488cB | 58.560aA | 11.558bB | 0.925a |
60 | 20.557eE | 19.525aA | 5.522a | 0.297cB | 32.656aA | 66.390aA | 18.229aA | 0.605b |
表6 砷对烤烟化学品质及砷含量的影响
Table 6 Effects of arsenic on chemical quality and arsenic content of flue-cured tobacco
处理 Treatment (mg·kg-1) | 总砷含量 Total As content (mg·kg-1) | 总糖含量 Total sugar content (TS) (g·kg-1) | 总氮含量 Total nitrogen content (TN) (g·kg-1) | 烟碱含量 Nicotine content (Nico) (g·kg-1) | 蛋白质含量 Protein content (Pro) (g·kg-1) | 糖碱比 TS/Nico | 氮碱比 TN/Nico | 施木克值 TS/Pro |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
对照CK | 0.712aA | 16.543bB | 4.900b | 0.642aA | 26.611bcB | 25.763bB | 7.627cB | 0.607b |
5 | 2.538bB | 19.724aA | 5.431a | 0.743aA | 29.300abA | 31.196bB | 8.591bcB | 0.674b |
20 | 7.595cC | 18.896aA | 5.367a | 0.534bA | 30.202abA | 33.302bB | 10.137bcB | 0.593b |
40 | 12.614dD | 19.342aA | 4.122b | 0.364cB | 23.488cB | 58.560aA | 11.558bB | 0.925a |
60 | 20.557eE | 19.525aA | 5.522a | 0.297cB | 32.656aA | 66.390aA | 18.229aA | 0.605b |
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