山西不同生态型大豆品种苗期耐低温性综合评价

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00093

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探明山西不同生态型大豆(Glycine max)品种对苗期低温胁迫的应答表现, 寻求大豆苗期耐低温性综合评价指标和评价方法, 选取了山西普遍种植的‘晋大53’、‘晋大70’和‘晋豆24’ 3个不同生态型大豆品种, 在苗期将材料分别置于14、17和20 ℃人工气候箱中, 保持昼夜恒温, 进行低温胁迫处理。分别测定了各品种光合与产量性状值, 用基因型主效应及其与环境互作(GGE)双标图分析各性状对品种的效应及性状间的相关性, 应用隶属函数法综合评价各品种的苗期耐低温性。结果显示: 低温胁迫下不同生态型大豆品种苗期延长1-12天; 苗期光合性状值均下降, 其中, 叶片气孔导度(G_s)和蒸腾速率(T_r)下降最明显; 产量性状值均呈下降趋势, 单株生物量和单株荚数下降最明显; 各项性状在不同品种中对低温的应答效应不同, 且性状间存在明显的相关性, 可作为耐低温性的评价指标。品种‘晋大70’的耐低温性最佳。

关键词: 生态型, 耐低温性, 苗期, 山西, 大豆

Abstract:

Aims Low temperature at the seedling stage is the key factor constraining growth and yield in spring-sowing soybeans (Glycine max) in North China. The objectives of this research were to explore responses of soybean cultivars of different eco-types in Shanxi Province to low temperatures at the seedling stage, to develop indices and approaches for comprehensive evaluation of low-temperature tolerance in soybeans, and ultimately to provide theoretical basis for breeding soybean cultivars of low-temperature tolerance in order to maintain stable yield under the conditions of low temperature stress at the seedling stage.
Methods We selected three soybean cultivars (‘Jinda 53’, ‘Jinda 70’ and ‘Jindou 24’) bred and grown widely in Shanxi Province. At the seedling stage, the plant materials were subjected to stress treatments at three levels of low temperatures and a control treatment in growth cabinets. The low temperature treatments were set for 14, 17 and 20 °C, respectively, and the control treatment was maintained at 23 °C. Upon completion of the temperature treatments, the seedlings were transplanted into larger pots and grown in a greenhouse. Values of photosynthetic traits (including net photosynthetic rates (P_n), intercellular CO₂ concentration (C_i), stomatal conductance (G_s) and transpiration rate (T_r)) were determined on seedlings. The yield traits (plant height, plant mass, pods per plant and yield per plant) were assessed after harvesting. Furthermore, the genotype main effect plus genotype-environment interaction (GGE) biplot was employed to analyze the effects of various traits on different cultivars and correlations among the traits. Then, subordinate function was applied for comprehensive evaluation of low-temperature tolerance of the three cultivars studied.
Important findings (1) The seedling stage of all three cultivars was extended by 1-12 days by the low tempera- ture treatments. (2) Values of the four photosynthetic traits were reduced in seedlings subjected to low temperature treatments; the rate of reduction was significantly greater for G_s and T_r than for the other two traits. Reductions in the values of photosynthetic traits were significantly smaller in the cultivar ‘Jinda 53’ than in other two cultivars, suggesting the stronger low temperature tolerance of this cultivar in terms of photosynthetic capacity. Additionally, ‘Jinda 70’ maintained higher P_n values than the other two cultivars, which was beneficial to greater dry matter accumulation in this cultivar. (3) Values of the four yield traits were all significantly reduced in plants subjected to low temperature treatments at the seedling stage. The rates of reduction were significantly greater for plant mass and pods per plant than for the other two traits. Among the three cultivars tested, the rates of reduction in plant mass and pods per plant were significantly smaller in ‘Jinda 70’ than in other two cultivars. Furthermore, the yield per plant in ‘Jinda 70’ was reduced by less than 50% as a result of low temperature treatments at the seedling stage, indicating that the low temperature stress at the seedling stage had the least effect on the yield in ‘Jinda 70’. (4) GGE biplot analysis revealed the rates of reduction in T_r and G_s had the most apparent effects on ‘Jinda 70’, the rate of reduction in P_n had the most apparent effects on ‘Jindou 24’, and the rate of reduction in C_i affected both ‘Jinda 70’ and ‘Jindou 24’, and that ‘Jinda 53’ was not affected by reductions in any of the photosynthetic traits. Meanwhile, the biplot indicated that there were significant positive correlations among the reduction rates of T_r, G_s, C_i, and P_n. Analysis of the yield traits using the biplot showed that the reduction rates of plant height and plant mass had the most apparent effects on ‘Jinda 53’, the reduction rate of yield per plant had the most apparent effects on ‘Jindou 24’, and the reduction rate of pods per plant affected both ‘Jinda 53’ and ‘Jindou 24’, and that the reduction rates of yield trait values had no apparent effects on ‘Jinda 70’. There were significant positive correlations among the reduction rates of plant mass, plant height, pods per plant, and yield per plant. Hence, the photosynthetic and yield traits can be used as indices for evaluation of low-temperature tolerance. Using subordinate function, the ranking of low-temperature tolerance of the three cultivars at the seedling stage is in the ascending order of ‘Jinda 70’, ‘Jinda 53’, and ‘Jindou 24’.

Key words: ecotype, low-temperature tolerance, seedling stage, Shanxi Province, soybean

郭数进,李玮瑜,马艳芸,赵恒,乔玲,李贵全. 山西不同生态型大豆品种苗期耐低温性综合评价. 植物生态学报, 2014, 38(9): 990-1000. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00093

GUO Shu-Jin,LI Wei-Yu,MA Yan-Yun,ZHAO Heng,QIAO Ling,LI Gui-Quan. Comprehensive evaluation of low-temperature tolerance in soybean cultivars of different eco-types at seedling stage in Shanxi Province. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2014, 38(9): 990-1000. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00093

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00093

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2014/V38/I9/990

图/表 13

表1 供试大豆品种生物学性状

Table 1 Biological traits of the soybean cultivars tested

品种 Cultivar	株高 Plant height (cm)	叶形 Leaf shape	花色 Flower color	茸毛色 Fluff color	种皮色 Seed coat color	脐色 Hilum color	生育期时长 Breeding period duration (d)	结荚习性 Growth habit	品种类型 Cultivar type
‘晋大53’ ‘Jinda 53’	95-105	椭圆 Ellipse	白色 White	棕色 Brown	黄色 Yellow	褐脐 Brown	125-135	无限 Indeterminate	高产、晚熟 High yield and late maturity
‘晋大70’ ‘Jinda 70’	75-90	椭圆 Ellipse	白色 White	棕色 Brown	黄色 Yellow	淡白 Light white	115-128	有限 Determinate	稳产、中熟 Stable yield and medium maturity
‘晋豆24’ ‘Jindou 24’	80-95	尖叶 Sharp	紫色 Purple	棕色 Brown	黄色 Yellow	淡脐 Light	95-110	亚有限 Semi- determinate	中产、早熟 Medium yield and early maturity

图1 胁迫温度处理后各品种苗期延长率(平均值±标准误差)。不同大写字母表示在0.01水平上差异显著。

Fig. 1 Extension of seedling stage of different cultivars following low temperature stress treatments (mean ± SE). Different capital letters indicate significant differences at the level of 0.01.

表2 不同温度处理后各品种生长性状比较(平均值±标准误差, n = 3)

Table 2 Comparisons of growth traits of different cultivars subjected to different temperature treatments (mean ± SE, n = 3)

品种 Cultivar	温度处理 Treatment (℃)	开花数 Flower number	成荚率 Pod-bearing rate	一粒荚数 1-seed pod number	二粒荚数 2-seed pod number	三粒荚数 3-seed pod number	四粒荚数 4-seed pod number
‘晋大53’ ‘Jinda 53’	14	28.33 ± 2.517^C	37.67% ± 0.051^C	6.00 ± 2.000^B	3.67 ± 1.528^C	1.00 ± 1.000^C	0^C
	17	46.00 ± 4.583^B	44.00% ± 0.040^BC	9.33 ± 2.309^A	6.33 ± 0.577^C	3.33 ± 0.577^C	1.33 ± 0.577^B
	20	52.00 ± 5.568^B	53.33% ± 0.067^B	4.33 ± 0.577^B	11.67 ± 1.155^B	10.00 ± 2.00^B	1.33 ± 0.577^B
	23	63.00 ± 4.359^A	71.33% ± 0.083^A	3.33 ± 0.577^B	17.00 ± 2.646^A	21.33 ± 1.528^A	3.00 ± 0.00^A
‘晋大70’ ‘Jinda 70’	14	43.00 ± 2.646^D	44.33% ± 0.032^C	8.67 ± 0.577^A	9.67 ± 0.577^C	0.67 ± 0.577^D	0^B
	17	58.33 ± 5.132^C	56.33% ± 0.025^B	5.67 ± 0.577^B	15.67 ± 1.154^A	11.00 ± 1.00^C	0.67 ± 0.577^AB
	20	67.67 ± 4.509^B	64.00% ± 0.032^B	2.00 ± 0.000^C	11.67 ± 2.081B^C	31.33 ± 1.53^B	1.33 ± 0.577^A
	23	77.00 ± 3.606^A	83.00% ± 0.078^A	1.00 ± 0.000^D	13.67 ± 3.055^AB	49.00 ± 1.00^A	1^A
‘晋豆24’ ‘Jindou 24’	14	24.33 ± 2.517^C	47.67% ± 0.015^B	4.33 ± 0.577^A	6.67 ± 0.577^B	0.67 ± 0.577^C	0^B
	17	39.00 ± 0.000^B	54.67% ± 0.015^B	4.67 ± 0.577^A	11.00 ± 1.000^A	4.67 ± 0.577^B	1^B
	20	56.33 ± 6.807^A	68.67% ± 0.032^A	3.00 ± 1.000^AB	12.00 ± 1.732^A	17.33 ± 1.154^A	1.33 ± 0.577^B
	23	64.33 ± 6.506^A	69.00% ± 0.079^A	1.67 ± 1.154^B	6.00 ± 1.732^B	20.00 ± 3.464^A	17.00 ± 3.605^A

图2 胁迫温度下各品种苗期光合性状值下降率(平均值±标准误差)。Ci, 胞间CO2浓度; Gs, 气孔导度; Pn, 净光合速率; Tr, 蒸腾速率。不同大小写字母分别表示在0.01和0.05水平上差异显著。

Fig. 2 Reduction rates in photosynthetic trait values in seed- lings of different cultivars subjected to low temperature treat- ments (mean ± SE). Ci, intercellular CO2 concentration; Gs, stomatal conductance; Pn, net photosynthetic rate; Tr, transpire- tion rate. Different capital letters and lower letters indicate sig- nificant differences at the levels of 0.01 and 0.05, respectively.

图3 胁迫温度下各品种光合性状值下降率的比较(平均值±标准误差)。Ci, 胞间CO2浓度; Gs, 气孔导度; Pn, 净光合速率; Tr, 蒸腾速率。不同大小写字母分别表示在0.01和0.05水平上差异显著。

Fig. 3 Comparisons of reduction rates in photosynthetic trait values among cultivars subjected to low temperature treatments (mean ± SE). Ci, intercellular CO2 concentration; Gs, stomatal conductance; Pn, net photosynthetic rate; Tr, transpiration rate. Different capital letters and lowercase letters indicate signify- cant differences at the levels of 0.01 and 0.05, respectively.

图4 胁迫温度处理后各品种产量性状值下降率(平均值±标准误差)。不同大小写字母分别表示在0.01和0.05水平上差异显著。

Fig. 4 Reduction rates in yield trait values of different cultivars subjected to low temperature treatments (mean ± SE). Different capital letters and lowercase letters indicate significant differences at the levels of 0.01 and 0.05, respectively.

图5 胁迫温度处理后各品种产量性状值下降率的比较(平均值±标准误差)。不同大小写字母分别表示在0.01和0.05水平上差异显著。

Fig. 5 Comparisons of reductions rates in yield trait values among cultivars subjected to low temperature treatments (mean ± SE). Different capital letters and lowercase letters indicate significant differences at the levels of 0.01 and 0.05, respectively.

表3 不同温度处理后各品种最终产量比较(g, 平均值±标准误差, n = 3)

Table 3 Comparison of the final yields of different cultivars subjected to different temperature treatments (g, mean ± SE, n = 3)

品种 Cultivar	14 ℃	17 ℃	20 ℃	23 ℃
‘晋大53’ ‘Jinda 53’	92.09 ± 12.84^B	100.52 ± 20.90^B	215.33 ± 5.51^A	243.67 ± 21.73^A
‘晋大70’ ‘Jinda 70’	148.69 ± 37.31^C	196.24 ± 12.38^BC	214.68 ± 19.56^AB	251.67 ± 27.54^A
‘晋豆24’ ‘Jindou 24’	104.77 ± 17.61^C	103.67 ± 23.82^C	115.43 ± 13.33^B	233.00 ± 15.87^A

图6 苗期低温胁迫时光合性状对各品种的效应。Ci, 胞间CO2浓度; Gs, 气孔导度; Pn, 净光合速率; Tr, 蒸腾速率。

Fig. 6 Effects of photosynthetic traits on cultivars under low temperature stress at seedling stage. Ci, intercellular CO2 concentration; DR, decline rate; Gs, stomatal conductance; Pn, net photosynthetic rate; Tr, transpiration rate.

图7 苗期低温胁迫时光合性状间的相关性。Ci, 胞间CO2浓度; Gs, 气孔导度; Pn, 净光合速率; Tr, 蒸腾速率。

Fig. 7 Correlations among photosynthetic traits under low temperature stress at seedling stage. Ci, intercellular CO2 concentration; DR, decline rate; Gs, stomatal conductance; Pn, net photosynthetic rate; Tr, transpiration rate.

图8 苗期低温胁迫后产量性状对各品种的效应。

Fig. 8 Effects of yield traits on cultivars under low temperature stress at seedling stage. DR, decline rate; PH, plant hight; PPP, pods per plant; PM, plant mass; YPP, yield per plant.

图9 苗期低温胁迫后产量性状间的相关性。

Fig. 9 Correlations among yield traits under low temperature stress at seedling stage. DR, decline rate; PH, plant hight; PPP, pods per plant; PM, plant mass; YPP, yield per plant.

表4 各品种苗期耐低温性综合评价

Table 4 Comprehensive evaluation of low-temperature tolerance in different cultivars at seedling stage

性状 Trait	隶属函数值 Values of subordinate function
	14 ℃			17 ℃			20 ℃
	‘晋大53’ ‘Jinda 53’	‘晋大70’ ‘Jinda 70’	‘晋豆24’ ‘Jindou 24’	‘晋大53’ ‘Jinda 53’	‘晋大70’ ‘Jinda 70’	‘晋豆24’ ‘Jindou 24’	‘晋大53’ ‘Jinda 53’	‘晋大70’ ‘Jinda 70’	‘晋豆24’ ‘Jindou 24’
苗期延长率 Extension of seedling stage	0.121	1.000	0	0.170	1.000	0	0.298	1.000	0
P_n下降率 Reduction rate of P_n	1.000	0.498	0	1.000	0.941	0	0.278	1.000	0
C_i下降率 Reduction rate of C_i	1.000	0	0.268	1.000	0.254	0	1.000	0.934	0
G_s下降率 Reduction rate of G_s	1.000	0	0.437	1.000	0.309	0	0.430	0	1.000
T_r下降率 Reduction rate of T_r	1.000	0	0.437	0.872	1.000	0	1.000	0	0.735
株高下降率 Reduction rate of plant height	0	1.000	0.583	0.072	1.000	0	0	0.461	1.000
单株生物量下降率 Reduction rate of plant mass	0	0.692	1.000	0	1.000	0.411	0	1.000	0.662
单株荚数下降率 Reduction rate of pods per plant	0.200	1.000	0	0.270	1.000	0	0	1.000	0.366
单株产量下降率 Reduction rate of yield per plant	0	1.000	0.317	0.270	1.000	0	1.000	0.922	0
$\bar{X} i$	0.48	0.58	0.34	0.52	0.83	0.05	0.45	0.70	0.42
耐低温性 Low-temperature tolerance	‘晋大70’ > ‘晋大53’ > ‘晋豆24’ ‘Jinda 70’ > ‘Jinda 53’ > ‘Jindou 24’			‘晋大70’ > ‘晋大53’ > ‘晋豆24’ ‘Jinda 70’ > ‘Jinda 53’ > ‘Jindou 24’			‘晋大70’ > ‘晋大53’ > ‘晋豆24’ ‘Jinda 70’ > ‘Jinda 53’ > ‘Jindou 24’

表4 各品种苗期耐低温性综合评价

Table 4 Comprehensive evaluation of low-temperature tolerance in different cultivars at seedling stage

性状 Trait	隶属函数值 Values of subordinate function
	14 ℃			17 ℃			20 ℃
	‘晋大53’ ‘Jinda 53’	‘晋大70’ ‘Jinda 70’	‘晋豆24’ ‘Jindou 24’	‘晋大53’ ‘Jinda 53’	‘晋大70’ ‘Jinda 70’	‘晋豆24’ ‘Jindou 24’	‘晋大53’ ‘Jinda 53’	‘晋大70’ ‘Jinda 70’	‘晋豆24’ ‘Jindou 24’
苗期延长率 Extension of seedling stage	0.121	1.000	0	0.170	1.000	0	0.298	1.000	0
P_n下降率 Reduction rate of P_n	1.000	0.498	0	1.000	0.941	0	0.278	1.000	0
C_i下降率 Reduction rate of C_i	1.000	0	0.268	1.000	0.254	0	1.000	0.934	0
G_s下降率 Reduction rate of G_s	1.000	0	0.437	1.000	0.309	0	0.430	0	1.000
T_r下降率 Reduction rate of T_r	1.000	0	0.437	0.872	1.000	0	1.000	0	0.735
株高下降率 Reduction rate of plant height	0	1.000	0.583	0.072	1.000	0	0	0.461	1.000
单株生物量下降率 Reduction rate of plant mass	0	0.692	1.000	0	1.000	0.411	0	1.000	0.662
单株荚数下降率 Reduction rate of pods per plant	0.200	1.000	0	0.270	1.000	0	0	1.000	0.366
单株产量下降率 Reduction rate of yield per plant	0	1.000	0.317	0.270	1.000	0	1.000	0.922	0
$\bar{X} i$	0.48	0.58	0.34	0.52	0.83	0.05	0.45	0.70	0.42
耐低温性 Low-temperature tolerance	‘晋大70’ > ‘晋大53’ > ‘晋豆24’ ‘Jinda 70’ > ‘Jinda 53’ > ‘Jindou 24’			‘晋大70’ > ‘晋大53’ > ‘晋豆24’ ‘Jinda 70’ > ‘Jinda 53’ > ‘Jindou 24’			‘晋大70’ > ‘晋大53’ > ‘晋豆24’ ‘Jinda 70’ > ‘Jinda 53’ > ‘Jindou 24’

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