棉花幼苗叶片光合特性对低温胁迫及恢复处理的响应

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00107

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究低温逆境及恢复处理下棉花幼苗光合特性响应机制, 丰富棉花苗期在不同胁迫水平下的抗寒机制及为应对自然条件下突发的低温冷害提供理论依据, 以‘新陆早33号’ (冷敏感)及‘中棉所50号’ (高耐寒)两个品种为试材, 采用人工模拟低温方法, 研究不同温度和处理时间下棉花幼苗光合气体交换参数、光能转化及传递的表现和恢复能力, 并通过测定胁迫解除后叶片的光合光响应曲线来分析叶片对光环境的适应能力。结果表明, 在较低强度低温逆境(15 ℃或24 h胁迫)中, 叶片净光合速率(P_n)、气孔导度(G_s)、气孔限制值、胞间CO₂浓度、最大光化学效率、光适应下最大光化学效率、实际光化学效率、相对电子传递速率变化幅度较小, 且胁迫解除后可恢复正常, 此时叶片光系统II (PSII)光反应中心受损可逆, P_n下降主要因气孔闭合引起。随着胁迫强度增加, 各测试指标变化显著, 且恢复表现较差, 此时叶片PSII光反应中心光能吸收、转化和电子传递受到严重阻碍, P_n下降原因由气孔限制因素转变为非气孔限制因素。低温胁迫导致叶片对光辐射的利用能力下降, 随着胁迫温度降低, 叶片最大净光合速率、表观量子效率及光饱和点快速下降, 光补偿点及暗呼吸速率则呈上升趋势。低温胁迫可导致棉花幼苗叶片对光环境适应能力降低, PSII反应中心对激发能捕获、活跃化学能转化及光合电子传递速率快速下降, CO₂固定能力降低, 最终导致光合能力下降。强耐寒品种则能在低温逆境中保持较高的光能转化、电子传递和弱光利用效率, 亦可通过减少暗呼吸消耗和调整G_s降低幅度和速度来保持较高的光合速率, 提高恢复能力, 增强植株抗逆性。

关键词: 棉花苗期, 低温胁迫, 光合特性, 光合光响应, 恢复处理

Abstract:

Aims The objective of this study was to investigate the responses of photosynthetic traits to varying degrees of low temperature stress and recovery treatment, in order to provide a theoretical basis for enhancing the cold tolerance of cotton seedlings and avoiding chilling damage under natural conditions.
Methods The cotton cultivars ‘Xinluzao 33’ (cold sensitive) and ‘Zhongmiansuo 50’ (cold tolerant) were used in this study. Gas exchange parameters, energy conversion and electron transmission of seedling leaves were determined under different levels and durations of low temperature stresses and subsequent recovery treatment. The adaptive capacity to light was also analyzed by developing photosynthetic light response curves of leaves under recovery treatment after 48 h of low temperature stresses.
Important findings The results showed that the values of net photosynthesis (P_n), stomatal conductance (G_s), stomatal limitation (L_s), intercellular CO₂ concentration (C_i), maximum photochemical efficiency (F_v/F_m), maximal photochemical efficiency in light adaptation (F_v′/F_m′), actual quantum yield (Φ_PSII) and relative electron transport rate (rETR) varied very little such that they reached the normal levels after being released from less-intense chilling stresses (15 °C or 24 h). In this situation, the damage of photosystem II (PSII) reaction center was reversible and the P_n was subjected to stomatal limitation. With decreasing temperature and treatment time, the parameters changed significantly and performed less well under recovery treatment in the two cotton cultivars. The limiting factor for P_n had changed from stomatal to non-stomatal, and the absorption, conversion of light energy, and electron transmission were severely inhibited. In addition, with a decrease in temperature, the maximum photosynthetic rate (P_nmax), the initial slope of photosynthetic light response curve (AQY) and the light saturation point (LSP) of cotton seedlings declined rapidly, and the light compensation point (LCP) and dark respiration (i.e. mitochondrial respiration; R_d), displayed an upward trend, indicating that the ability of radiation utilization decreased. Those results indicated that, low temperature stress decreased the adaptability to light environment, the activity of PSII reaction centers and photochemical electron transfer rate, inhibited pathways of photosynthetic electron transport, and reduced the CO₂ fixation capacity, which led to the structural damage of photosynthetic apparatus and functional reduction in photosynthetic capacity. The cold tolerant cultivar could maintain higher photosynthetic rate by keeping higher photochemical electron transfer, transport, and low-light utilization ability, and lower respiration, and by adjusting the reduction of G_s to be more rapid and sensitive, which could enhance the recovery capability and chilling adaptability.

Key words: cotton seedlings, low temperature stress, photosynthesis characteristics, photosynthetic light response, recovery treatment

武辉, 戴海芳, 张巨松, 焦晓玲, 刘翠, 石俊毅, 范志超, 阿丽艳·肉孜. 棉花幼苗叶片光合特性对低温胁迫及恢复处理的响应. 植物生态学报, 2014, 38(10): 1124-1134. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00107

WU Hui, DAI Hai-Fang, ZHANG Ju-Song, JIAO Xiao-Ling, LIU Cui, SHI Jun-Yi, FAN Zhi-Chao, ALIYAN ·Rouzi. Responses of photosynthetic characteristics to low temperature stress and recovery treatment in cotton seedling leaves. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2014, 38(10): 1124-1134. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00107

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00107

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2014/V38/I10/1124

图/表 5

图1 低温胁迫及恢复处理对棉花幼苗叶片光合参数的影响(平均值±标准误差)。不同小写字母表示同一指标在不同处理方式中存在显著差异(p < 0.05)。CK表示正常植株; S1和S2分别表示胁迫时间为24 h和48 h; R1和R2分别表示在S1和S2处理后进行25 ℃、24 h恢复处理。

Fig. 1 Effects of low temperature stress and recovery treatment on photosynthetic parameters in cotton seedling leaves (mean ± SE). Different letters indicate significance differences among different treatments for the same parameter (p < 0.05). CK indicates normal cotton seedlings; S1 and S2 indicate 24 h and 48 h stresses, respectively; R1 and R2 indicate recovery treatment at 25 ℃ for 24 h following S1 and S2 treatments, respectively.

图2 低温胁迫及恢复处理对棉花幼苗叶片光能转换及传递的影响(平均值±标准误差)。不同小写字母表示同一指标在不同处理方式中存在显著差异(p < 0.05)。CK表示正常植株; S1和S2分别表示胁迫时间为24 h和48 h; R1和R2分别表示在S1和S2处理后进行25 ℃、24 h恢复处理。ΦPSII, 实际光化学效率; Fv/Fm, 最大光化学效率; Fv′/Fm′, 光适应下最大光化学效率; rETR, 相对电子传递速率。

Fig. 2 Effects of low temperature stress and recovery treatment on light-energy conversion and transmission in cotton seedling leaves (mean ± SE). Different letters indicate significance differences among different treatments for the same parameter (p < 0.05). CK indicates normal cotton seedlings; S1 and S2 indicate 24 h and 48 h stresses, respectively; R1 and R2 indicate recovery treatment at 25 °C for 24 h following S1 and S2 treatments, respectively. ΦPSII, actual quantum yield; Fv/Fm, maximum photochemical efficiency; Fv′/Fm′, maximum photochemical efficiency in light adaptation; rETR, relative electron transport rate.

图3 经48 h低温胁迫并恢复处理后棉花幼苗叶片光合-光强响应曲线。

Fig. 3 Photosynthetic light response curves of cotton seedlings under recovery treatment after 48 h of low temperature stress. PAR, photosynthetically active radiation.

表1 光合光响应曲线初始部位(PAR < 200 μmol·m-2·s-1)的线性拟合方程

Table 1 Linear fitting equation of the initial portions (PAR < 200 μmol·m-2·s-1) of photosynthesis-light response curves

品种 Cultivars	处理温度 Temperature of treatment (℃)	线性拟合方程 Linear fitting equation	拟合度 R²
‘新陆早33号’ ‘Xinluzao 33’	25	y = 0.0296x - 1.2910	0.981 9^**
	15	y = 0.0286x - 1.1938	0.990 3^**
	10	y = 0.0185x - 1.4117	0.989 0^**
	5	y = 0.0177x - 2.1997	0.990 7^**
‘中棉所50号’ ‘Zhongmiansuo 50’	25	y= 0.0290x - 0.8431	0.969 7^**
	15	y = 0.0283x - 1.0236	0.969 7^**
	10	y = 0.0247x - 0.9529	0.977 4^**
	5	y = 0.0206x - 2.0505	0.982 7^**

图4 经48 h低温胁迫并恢复处理后棉花幼苗光合光响应曲线的特征参数(平均值±标准误差)。不同小写字母表示同一指标在不同处理方式中存在显著差异(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 4 Parameters of photosynthetic light response curves under recovery treatment after 48 h of low temperature stress (mean ± SE). Different letters indicate significance differences among different treatments for the same parameter (p < 0.05).

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