浙江楠种群表型变异

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00126

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以探讨浙江楠(Phoebe chekiangensis)种群间和种群内的表型变异程度和变异规律为目的, 对其分布区9个种群的10个表型性状进行了研究。采用巢式方差分析、变异系数、多重比较和相关分析等多种分析方法, 对种群间和种群内的表型多样性及其与地理生态因子的相关性进行了讨论。研究结果表明: 浙江楠叶片、种子等表型性状在种群间和种群内均存在着丰富的变异, 10个性状在种群间、种群内的差异均达极显著水平; 种群内的变异(21.74%)大于种群间的变异(18.45%), 表型性状的平均分化系数为41.43%, 种群内变异是浙江楠表型变异的主要变异来源。各性状平均变异系数为12.78%, 变化幅度为6.50%-19.38%。种群间叶片的平均变异系数(16.99%)高于种群间种子的平均变异系数(8.58%), 表明种子的稳定性高于叶片。叶宽、叶面积与叶片其他性状间多呈显著或极显著相关, 种子千粒重与种子宽、种子体积显著正相关; 而种子和叶片的各性状间多无显著相关性。种子宽、种子体积和种子千粒重随着海拔的增加出现减小的趋势, 种子体积受纬度控制, 随着纬度的增大表现出增大的趋势。

Abstract:

Aims Phoebe chekiangensis is a rare and protected species in China. Our objectives were to determine the phenotypic variations of leaves and seeds in P. chekiangensis populations and the relationship between phenotypic variation and distribution of populations.

Methods Field investigations and examinations of the natural distribution of P. chekiangensis led to our selection of five leaf characteristics and five seed characteristics as phenotypic traits from nine populations. We studied morphological variations among and within populations based on analysis of the 10 phenotypic traits. Nested analysis of variance, coefficient of variation, multi-comparison and correlation analysis were used to analyze the resulting data.

Important finding Analysis of nested variance on leaf and seed traits revealed significant differences among and within populations. The variation was greater within populations (21.74%) than among populations (18.45%). Mean phenotypic differentiation coefficient was 41.43% among populations, indicating that the variance within population is the main source of the phenotypic variation of the species. The variation in coefficient of variance (CV) among 10 traits ranged 6.50%-19.38%, with an average of 12.78%. The CV of leaf traits (16.99%) among populations was higher than that of seed traits (8.58%), implying higher stability of seed traits than the leaf traits. There were significant or highly significant correlations of leaf width and leaf area with other leaf traits. The thousand seeds weight was significantly correlated with seed width and seed volume, but no significant correlations were found between seed and leaf traits. Seed width, seed volume and thousand seeds weight decreased with increasing altitude. The seed volume also appeared to be under control of latitude, showing a tendency of increase with latitude.

Key words: correlation analysis, leaf traits, phenotypic differentiation, phenotypic variation, Phoebe chekiangensis, seed characteristics

李因刚, 柳新红, 马俊伟, 石从广, 朱光权. 浙江楠种群表型变异. 植物生态学报, 2014, 38(12): 1315-1324. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00126

LI Yin-Gang, LIU Xin-Hong, MA Jun-Wei, SHI Cong-Guang, ZHU Guang-Quan. Phenotypic variations in populations of Phoebe chekiangensis. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2014, 38(12): 1315-1324. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00126

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00126

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2014/V38/I12/1315

图/表 7

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采样点 Sampling site	种群类型 Population type	取样株树 No. of individuals sampled	经度 Longitude (E)	纬度 Latitude (N)	海拔 Altitude (m)	年平均气温 AMAT (℃)	1月平均气温 MAT in Jan. (℃)	7月平均气温 MAT in July (℃)	无霜期 Frost-free season (d)	年降水量 AP (mm)
杭州西湖 Xihu Lake, Hangzhou (XH)	野生种群 Wild population	30	120.06°	30.12°	135	17.8	4.7	30.6	243	1 454.0
宁波鄞州 Yinzhou, Ningbo (YZ)	野生种群 Wild population	8	121.47°	29.47°	280	16.2	4.2	28.0	238	1 532.0
临安 Lin’an (LA)	古树群 Population of ancient trees	7	119.26°	30.19°	355	15.6	3.2	27.6	235	1 426.4
泰顺 Taishun (TS)	野生种群 Wild population	8	119.45°	27.22°	556	16.1	5.7	27.5	242	1 980.6
开化齐溪 Qixi, Kaihua (QX)	古树群 Population of ancient trees	9	118.22°	29.23°	371	16.3	4.6	27.8	252	1 814.0
开化华埠 Huabu, Kaihua (HB)	野生种群 Wild population	8	118.16°	29.01°	152	16.3	4.6	27.8	252	1 814.0
庆元 Qingyuan (QY)	野生种群 Wild population	7	118.55°	27.44°	366	17.4	6.7	27.0	245	1 760.0
江山 Jiangshan (JS)	野生种群 Wild population	11	118.39°	28.50°	173	17.0	5.8	30.1	249	1 813.7
婺源 Wuyuan (WY)	古树群 Population of ancient trees	16	117.50°	29.12°	78	16.7	4.5	28.0	252	1 821.0

采样点 Sampling site	种群类型 Population type	取样株树 No. of individuals sampled	经度 Longitude (E)	纬度 Latitude (N)	海拔 Altitude (m)	年平均气温 AMAT (℃)	1月平均气温 MAT in Jan. (℃)	7月平均气温 MAT in July (℃)	无霜期 Frost-free season (d)	年降水量 AP (mm)
杭州西湖 Xihu Lake, Hangzhou (XH)	野生种群 Wild population	30	120.06°	30.12°	135	17.8	4.7	30.6	243	1 454.0
宁波鄞州 Yinzhou, Ningbo (YZ)	野生种群 Wild population	8	121.47°	29.47°	280	16.2	4.2	28.0	238	1 532.0
临安 Lin’an (LA)	古树群 Population of ancient trees	7	119.26°	30.19°	355	15.6	3.2	27.6	235	1 426.4
泰顺 Taishun (TS)	野生种群 Wild population	8	119.45°	27.22°	556	16.1	5.7	27.5	242	1 980.6
开化齐溪 Qixi, Kaihua (QX)	古树群 Population of ancient trees	9	118.22°	29.23°	371	16.3	4.6	27.8	252	1 814.0
开化华埠 Huabu, Kaihua (HB)	野生种群 Wild population	8	118.16°	29.01°	152	16.3	4.6	27.8	252	1 814.0
庆元 Qingyuan (QY)	野生种群 Wild population	7	118.55°	27.44°	366	17.4	6.7	27.0	245	1 760.0
江山 Jiangshan (JS)	野生种群 Wild population	11	118.39°	28.50°	173	17.0	5.8	30.1	249	1 813.7
婺源 Wuyuan (WY)	古树群 Population of ancient trees	16	117.50°	29.12°	78	16.7	4.5	28.0	252	1 821.0

性状 Trait	均方(自由度) Mean square (df)			F值 F value
性状 Trait	种群间 Among populations	种群内 Within populations	随机误差 Random error	种群间 Among populations	种群内 Within populations
叶长 LL (cm)	85.90 (8)	33.56 (95)	3.38	25.39^**	9.92^**
叶宽 LW (cm)	17.21 (8)	5.91 (95)	0.55	30.95^**	10.63^**
叶平均宽 MLW (cm)	7.46 (8)	1.95 (95)	0.18	40.91^**	10.73^**
叶片长宽比 LL/LW	8.47 (8)	1.49 (95)	0.11	71.92^**	12.67^**
叶面积 LA (cm²)	1 555.80 (8)	807.01 (95)	89.42	17.40^**	9.02^**
种子长 SL (mm)	16.98 (8)	4.61 (95)	0.47	35.69^**	9.69^**
种子宽 SW (mm)	13.95 (8)	1.44 (95)	0.22	62.46^**	6.48^**
种子长宽比 SL/SW	2.55 (8)	0.02 (95)	0.01	86.01^**	1.81^**
种子体积 SV (cm³)	0.010 6 (8)	0.001 6 (95)	0.000 2	39.25^**	6.19^**
种子千粒重 TSW (g)	126.97 (8)	17.84 (95)	1.71	73.95^**	10.39^**

性状 Trait	均方(自由度) Mean square (df)			F值 F value
性状 Trait	种群间 Among populations	种群内 Within populations	随机误差 Random error	种群间 Among populations	种群内 Within populations
叶长 LL (cm)	85.90 (8)	33.56 (95)	3.38	25.39^**	9.92^**
叶宽 LW (cm)	17.21 (8)	5.91 (95)	0.55	30.95^**	10.63^**
叶平均宽 MLW (cm)	7.46 (8)	1.95 (95)	0.18	40.91^**	10.73^**
叶片长宽比 LL/LW	8.47 (8)	1.49 (95)	0.11	71.92^**	12.67^**
叶面积 LA (cm²)	1 555.80 (8)	807.01 (95)	89.42	17.40^**	9.02^**
种子长 SL (mm)	16.98 (8)	4.61 (95)	0.47	35.69^**	9.69^**
种子宽 SW (mm)	13.95 (8)	1.44 (95)	0.22	62.46^**	6.48^**
种子长宽比 SL/SW	2.55 (8)	0.02 (95)	0.01	86.01^**	1.81^**
种子体积 SV (cm³)	0.010 6 (8)	0.001 6 (95)	0.000 2	39.25^**	6.19^**
种子千粒重 TSW (g)	126.97 (8)	17.84 (95)	1.71	73.95^**	10.39^**

性状 Trait	种群 Population
性状 Trait	XH	JS	WY	YZ	QX	HB	QY	TS	LA
叶长 LL (cm)	12.67 ± 2.01^bcd	10.77 ± 1.94^e	11.13 ± 2.41^e	13.39 ± 2.40^a	13.10 ± 1.89^ab	12.82 ± 2.12^bcd	12.50 ± 2.34^cd	12.93 ± 1.60^abc	12.37 ± 1.85^d
叶宽 LW (cm)	4.66 ± 0.86^b	4.12 ± 0.81^cd	4.30 ± 0.96^c	4.84 ± 1.29^ab	4.75 ± 0.78^b	4.27 ± 0.80^c	4.86 ± 0.78^ab	3.93 ± 0.55^d	4.96 ± 0.66^a
叶平均宽 MLW (cm)	2.88 ± 0.49^b	2.72 ± 0.50^cd	2.76 ± 0.60^bcd	2.86 ± 0.42^b	2.82 ± 0.54^bc	2.64 ± 0.43^d	2.68 ± 0.52^d	2.29 ± 0.29^e	3.17 ± 0.66^a
叶片长宽比 LL/LW	2.76 ± 0.35^c	2.62 ± 0.23^d	2.62 ± 0.43^d	2.84 ± 0.42^c	2.80 ± 0.21^c	3.03 ± 0.43^b	2.59 ± 0.44^de	3.30 ± 0.24^a	2.49 ± 0.31^e
叶面积 LA (cm²)	37.57 ± 10.48^bc	30.80 ± 10.56^d	32.18 ± 12.45^d	37.36 ± 11.45^bc	37.81 ± 9.44^b	35.22 ± 10.83^c	36.71 ± 10.90^bc	30.59 ± 6.98^d	40.39 ± 9.95^a
种子长 SL (mm)	10.93 ± 0.84^bc	9.85 ± 0.48^f	10.63 ± 1.17^de	11.30 ± 0.66^a	11.09 ± 0.76^ab	10.49 ± 0.71e	10.76 ± 0.44^cd	10.41 ± 0.53^e	10.61 ± 0.63^de
种子宽 SW (mm)	6.03 ± 0.52^cd	6.33 ± 0.38^b	6.53 ± 0.65^a	6.14 ± 0.59^c	5.37 ± 0.44^f	6.03 ± 0.57^cd	5.62 ± 0.47^e	5.89 ± 0.39^d	6.10 ± 0.43^c
种子长宽比 SL/SW	1.81 ± 0.09^d	1.55 ± 0.07^g	1.62 ± 0.09^f	1.86 ± 0.26^c	2.06 ± 0.12^a	1.74 ± 0.11^e	1.92 ± 0.13^b	1.77 ± 0.11^e	1.74 ± 0.10^e
种子体积 SV (cm³)	0.22 ± 0.02^b	0.18 ± 0.01^c	0.26 ± 0.06^a	0.21 ± 0.02^b	0.18 ± 0.01^c	0.22 ± 0.02^b	0.18 ± 0.03^c	0.15 ± 0.02^d	0.21 ± 0.01^b
种子千粒重 TSW (g)	21.71 ± 2.51^bc	21.44 ± 1.00^bc	29.54 ± 6.75^a	21.83 ± 2.74^bc	19.68 ± 2.11^cde	22.42 ± 2.36^b	18.03 ± 1.61^de	17.74 ± 1.44^e	20.28 ± 1.62^bcd