黑龙江长白山森林生物量的时空变化分析

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.00371

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

森林生物量碳储量的空间分布及其变化信息, 对揭示地表空间变化规律及驱动因子、分析评价森林生产力及生态功能具有重要意义。该文以20世纪70年代、80年代、90年代和21世纪初4个时期的遥感数据和同期的森林资源清查样地数据为基础, 应用遥感信息模型, 估算了黑龙江长白山地区的森林生物量, 分析了该地区森林生物量的时空动态变化, 以及森林生物量随高程、坡度和坡向的变化规律。结果表明: 该地区4个时期的森林平均生物量分别为81.56、44.27、48.27和54.82 t·hm^-2。4个时期总的森林生物量分别为5.37 × 10 ⁸、2.83 × 10 ⁸、3.06 × 10 ⁸和3.46 × 10 ⁸ t。20世纪70年代到21世纪初森林平均生物量和总的森林生物量都呈现出先降低后增加的趋势, 呈先下降趋势的主要原因是20世纪70-80年代以森林采伐为主, 后增加趋势的主要原因是实施天然林保护工程起到了很大的作用。该地区4个时期森林生物量随高程、坡度和坡向都表现出一致性的变化规律, 森林生物量随高程和坡度变化都呈先增加后减少的趋势, 导致这一现象的主要原因是, 高程、坡度和坡向变化引起了局地气候条件的变化, 从而直接影响森林生长环境, 造成森林分布的变化。森林生物量在200-400 m高程所占的比例最大, 约为35%, 在坡度5°-15°所占的比例接近50%。森林生物量在南坡和西南坡所占的比例最小, 为7%; 平坡所占的比例最大, 为28%; 南坡次之, 为19%。

关键词: 生物量, 黑龙江长白山, 森林生物量, 遥感信息模型

Abstract:

Aims The objective is to obtain information on the spatial distribution and changes of forest biomass and carbon reserves to reveal patterns, discuss factors that drive change and analyze the environment of the forest.
Methods Remote sensing information models were used to estimate forest biomass in Changbai Mountain of Heilongjiang based on remote sensing data and forest resource inventory data for four periods: the 1970s, 1980s, 1990s and early 21st century. Then temporal and spatial changes of forest biomass with elevation, slope and slope aspect were analyzed.
Important findings Forest biomass in the four periods listed above averaged 81.56, 44.27, 48.27 and 54.82 t·hm^-2, respectively. The total forest biomass in these periods was 5.37 × 10 ⁸, 2.83 × 10 ⁸, 3.06 × 10 ⁸ and 3.46 × 10 ⁸ t, respectively. Both variables initially decreased and then increased from the 1970s to the early 21st century. This pattern of change was consistent for forest biomass changes with elevation, slope and slope aspect in the four periods. The proportion of forest biomass in elevations of 200-400 m is about 35% and in slopes of 5°-15° is close to 50%. The proportion of forest biomass was about 7%-19% at southern and southwestern aspects and about 28% in plains.

Key words: biomass, Changbai Mountains of Heilongjiang, forest biomass, remote sensing information model

毛学刚, 范文义, 李明泽, 于颖, 杨金明. 黑龙江长白山森林生物量的时空变化分析. 植物生态学报, 2011, 35(4): 371-379. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.00371

MAO Xue-Gang, FAN Wen-Yi, LI Ming-Ze, YU Ying, YANG Jin-Ming. Temporal and spatial analysis of forest biomass in Changbai Mountains, Heilongjiang, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2011, 35(4): 371-379. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.00371

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.00371

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2011/V35/I4/371

图/表 9

图1 20世纪70年代-21世纪初的样地分布图。

Fig. 1 Sample plot distribution from the 1970s to the early 21st century.

表1 灌木和草本生物量模型

Table 1 Shrub and herb biomass models

类型 Type	n	生物量模型 Biomass model	R²
灌木 Shrub	38	bio = 0.0398 × h - 0.3326	0.88
草本 Herb	79	bio = 0.0175 × h - 0.2888	0.89

表2 生物量遥感估测模型

Table 2 Estimation models of biomass by remote sense

年代 Decade	生物量模型 Biomass model	n	R²	预估精度 Precision
20世纪70年代 The 1970s	bio = 0.1053 × gc + 0.0003408 × Y - 0.0117 × TM4-1 616.9939	198	0.73	69.61%
20世纪80年代 The 1980s	bio = -285.5049 × TM452 + 4.4959 × SR + 0.0481 × gc + 214.7325	256	0.74	70.17%
20世纪90年代 The 1990s	bio = 0.0046 × DVI + 0.0018 × gc - 0.0321 × TM5 + 88.5821	201	0.76	72.34%
21世纪初 The early 21st century	bio = 0.0878 × gc - 0.0186 × TM5 + 0.000067 83 × Y + 8.9101 × TM73 + 0.04088 × TM3 + 179.1037 × TM452 - 0.0127 × TM6 - 470.0561	272	0.76	71.43%

图2-5 森林生物量等级分布图。2. 20世纪70年代。3. 20世纪80年代。4. 20世纪90年代。5. 21世纪初。

Figs. 2-5 Distribution map of forest biomass ranks. 2. The 1970s. 3. The 1980s. 4. The 1990s. 5. The early 21st century.

图6 20世纪70年代-21世纪初森林总生物量。

Fig. 6 Forest total biomass between the 1970s and the early 21st century.

图7-9 森林生物量变化分布图。7. 20世纪70-80年代。8. 20世纪80-90年代。9. 20世纪90-21世纪初。

Figs. 7-9 Distribution map of forest biomass changes. 7. Between the 1970s and 1980s. 8. Between the 1980s and 1990s. 9. Between the 1990s and early 21st century.

图10 森林生物量随高程的变化。

Fig. 10 Change of forest biomass with elevation.

图11 森林生物量随坡度的变化。

Fig. 11 Change of forest biomass with slope.

图12 森林生物量随坡向的变化。

Fig. 12 Change of forest biomass with slope aspect.

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