两种生境条件下6种牧草叶绿素含量及荧光参数的比较

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.00672

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

昆仑山前山牧场海拔较高, 策勒绿洲海拔相对较低, 两者生境差异较大。以昆仑山前山牧场和策勒绿洲边缘两种不同生境条件下生长的6种牧草: 冰草(Agropyron cristatum)、无芒雀麦(Bromus inermis)、矮生高羊茅(Festuca elata)、披碱草(Elymus dahuricus )、红豆草(Onobrychis pulchella)及和田大叶(Medicago sativa var. luxurians)为试验材料, 研究了不同生境条件下牧草叶片叶绿素含量及叶绿素荧光动力学参数的变化情况。结果显示: (1)在两种生境条件下, 昆仑山前山牧场生境生长的牧草叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素的含量明显较高, 生长在策勒绿洲生境的牧草品种叶绿素a/b值较高; (2)昆仑山前山牧场生境牧草最大荧光、光系统II (PSII)最大光化学效率、PSII潜在活性和单位面积反应中心的数量的值明显高于策勒绿洲生境品种, 而初始荧光、单位反应中心吸收的光能、单位反应中心捕获的能量、单位反应中心耗散的能量、荧光诱导曲线初始斜率值则低于策勒绿洲生境品种。因此, 两种生境下环境因子发生了改变, 对牧草产生综合的胁迫作用; 策勒绿洲生境明显对牧草生长产生了抑制, 策勒绿洲生境牧草的色素含量降低以及PSII的机构遭到损坏, 导致反应中心一部分失活或裂解, 剩余有活性的反应中心的效率增加, 昆仑山生境则相对比较适宜牧草生长; 两种生境不同牧草叶绿素含量和叶绿素荧光参数的变化幅度不同。

关键词: 叶绿素, 叶绿素荧光参数, 生境, 牧草

Abstract:

Aims Qianshan Pasture in the Kunlun Mountains and Cele Oasis of China are different habitats with different elevations. We compared six pasture species in terms of chlorophyll (Chl) content and fluorescence parameters to investigate the effect of habitat on photosystem II (PSII).

Methods Agropyron cristatum, Bromus inermis, Festuca elata, Elymus dahuricus, Onobrychis pulchella and Medicago sativa var. luxurians, were grown in both sites. Leaf pigment content was measured by 95% ethanol method, and PSII chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were monitored by using a Plant Efficiency Analyzer (PEA).

Important findings The measured physiological parameters differed greatly in all six species growing in the two habitats. In Qianshan Pasture, all species showed obviously higher Chl a, Chl b and total Chl content, while those growing in Cele Oasis had higher Chl a/Chl b. Plants in Kunlun Mountains also had markedly higher maximum fluorescence yield (F_m), maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII (F_v/F_m), potential activity of PSII (F_v/F_o) and active reaction centers per cross-section (RC/CS_o), as well as lower minimum fluorescence yield (F_o), absorption flux per reaction center (ABC/RC), maximal trapping flux per reaction center (TR_o/RC), flux of dissipated excitation energy per reaction center (DI_o/RC) and initial slope of fluorescence intensity (M_o) than those in the Cele Oasis. These parameters also showed large differences in variation amplitude between habitats. The results indicated that environmental conditions in the Cele Oasis were stressful to pasture species. It decreased chlorophyll content and inactivated PSII. The habitat in Kunlun Mountains was relatively favorable for these species.

Key words: chlorophyll, chlorophyll fluorescence, habitat, pasture

李磊, 李向义, 林丽莎, 王迎菊, 薛伟. 两种生境条件下6种牧草叶绿素含量及荧光参数的比较. 植物生态学报, 2011, 35(6): 672-680. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.00672

LI Lei, LI Xiang-Yi, LIN Li-Sha, WANG Ying-Ju, XUE Wei. Comparison of chlorophyll content and fluorescence parameters of six pasture species in two habitats in China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2011, 35(6): 672-680. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.00672

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.00672

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2011/V35/I6/672

图/表 5

图1 两种生境条件下牧草叶绿素含量的变化(平均值±标准误差)。同种生境牧草间标有不同英文字母, 表明两者的差异显著(p < 0.05)。AC, 冰草; BI, 无芒雀麦; ED, 披碱草; FE, 矮生高羊茅; MS, 和田大叶; OP, 红豆草。

Fig. 1 Changes of pigment content of pasture in two habitats (mean ± SE). Different alphabet indicate significant difference between species (p < 0.05). AC, Agropyron cristatum; BI, Bromus inermis; ED, Elymus dahuricus; FE, Festuca elataa; MS, Medicago sativa var. luxurians; OP, Onobrychis pulchell. Chl, Chlorophyll.

图2 两种生境条件下牧草的PSII原初光化学效率和初始荧光等参数的变化(平均值±标准误差)。同种生境牧草间标有不同英文字母, 表明两者的差异显著(p < 0.05)。AC, 冰草; BI, 无芒雀麦; ED, 披碱草; FE, 矮生高羊茅; MS, 和田大叶; OP, 红豆草。

Fig. 2 Changes of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of pasture in two habitats (mean ± SE). Different alphabet indicate significant difference between species (p < 0.05). AC, Agropyron cristatum; BI, Bromus inermis; ED, Elymus dahuricus; FE, Festuca elata; MS, Medicago sativa var. luxurians; OP, Onobrychis pulchella. Fm, maximum fluorescence yield; Fo, minimum fluorescence yield; Fv, variable fluorescence yield; Fv/Fm, maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII; Fv/Fo, potential activity of PSII.

图3 两种生境下牧草PSII反应中心能量流动分配的变化(平均值±标准误差)。同种生境牧草间标有不同英文字母, 表明两者的差异显著(p < 0.05)。AC, 冰草; BI, 无芒雀麦; ED, 披碱草; FE, 矮生高羊茅; MS, 和田大叶; OP, 红豆草。

Fig. 3 Changes of energy flow distribute in PSII reaction center of pasture in two habitats (mean ± SE). Different alphabet indicate significant difference between species (p < 0.05). AC, Agropyron cristatum; BI, Bromus inermis; ED, Elymus dahuricus; FE, Festuca elata; MS, Medicago sativa var. luxurians; OP, Onobrychis pulchella. The specific energy fluxes (per reaction centers, RC) for absorption (ABS/RC), trapping (TRo/RC), and dissipation (DIo/RC); RC/CSo, active reaction centers per cross-section; Mo, initial slope of fluorescence intensity.

图4 两种生境条件下牧草叶绿素荧光动力学曲线的变化。A, 昆仑山。B, 策勒绿洲。各点含义详见李鹏民等(2005)。

Fig. 4 Changes of chlorophyll fluorescence transients fo pasture in two habitats. A, Kunlun Mountains. B, Cele oasis. The meaning of each point referred Li et al. (2005).

表1 不同生境条件下6种牧草叶绿素含量及荧光参数的双因素方差分析

Table 1 The two-way ANOVA of chlorophyll content and fluorescence parameters of six pasture species in two habitats

参数 Parameter	变异来源 Source of variation	自由度 df	平方和 SS	均方 Mean square	F	p
叶绿素a Chlorophyll a	生境 Habitat	1	1.081 81	1.081 81	161.71	0.000^**
	物种 Species	5	3.373 93	0.674 79	100.87	0.000^**
	生境×物种 Interaction	5	2.363 28	0.472 66	70.65	0.000^**
	误差 Error	24	0.160 55	0.006 69
	总变异 Total variation	35	6.979 58
叶绿素b Chlorophyll b	生境 Habitat	1	0.306 63	0.306 63	272.80	0.000^**
	物种 Species	5	0.339 89	0.067 98	60.48	0.000^**
	生境×物种 Interaction	5	0.409 85	0.081 97	72.93	0.000^**
	误差 Error	24	0.026 98	0.001 12
	总变异 Total variation	35	1.083 36
总叶绿素 Chlorophyll	生境 Habitat	1	2.540 3	2.540 3	212.47	0.000^**
	物种 Species	5	5.848 1	1.169 6	97.83	0.000^**
	生境×物种 Interaction	5	4.683 2	0.936 6	78.34	0.000^**
	误差 Error	24	0.286 9	0.012 0
	总变异 Total variation	35	13.358 7
初始荧光 F_o	生境 Habitat	1	504 214	530 337	61.73	0.000^**
	物种 Species	5	424 867	84 734	9.86	0.000^**
	生境×物种 Interaction	5	293 673	58 735	6.84	0.000^**
	误差 Error	34	292 116	8 592
	总变异 Total variation	45	1 514 871
最大荧光 F_m	生境 Habitat	1	14 193 581	14 403 083	180.04	0.000^**
	物种 Species	5	1 616 251	339 166	4.24	0.004^**
	生境×物种 Interaction	5	2 440 896	488 179	6.84	0.000^**
	误差 Error	34	2 719 966	79 999
	总变异 Total variation	45	20 970 694
最大光化学效率 F_v/F_m	生境 Habitat	1	0.594 401	0.624 560	166.16	0.000^**
	物种 Species	5	0.259 409	0.053 059	14.12	0.000^**
	生境×物种 Interaction	5	0.232 687	0.046 537	12.38	0.000^**
	误差 Error	34	0.127 798	0.003 759
	总变异 Total variation	45	1.214 295

表1 不同生境条件下6种牧草叶绿素含量及荧光参数的双因素方差分析

Table 1 The two-way ANOVA of chlorophyll content and fluorescence parameters of six pasture species in two habitats

参数 Parameter	变异来源 Source of variation	自由度 df	平方和 SS	均方 Mean square	F	p
叶绿素a Chlorophyll a	生境 Habitat	1	1.081 81	1.081 81	161.71	0.000^**
	物种 Species	5	3.373 93	0.674 79	100.87	0.000^**
	生境×物种 Interaction	5	2.363 28	0.472 66	70.65	0.000^**
	误差 Error	24	0.160 55	0.006 69
	总变异 Total variation	35	6.979 58
叶绿素b Chlorophyll b	生境 Habitat	1	0.306 63	0.306 63	272.80	0.000^**
	物种 Species	5	0.339 89	0.067 98	60.48	0.000^**
	生境×物种 Interaction	5	0.409 85	0.081 97	72.93	0.000^**
	误差 Error	24	0.026 98	0.001 12
	总变异 Total variation	35	1.083 36
总叶绿素 Chlorophyll	生境 Habitat	1	2.540 3	2.540 3	212.47	0.000^**
	物种 Species	5	5.848 1	1.169 6	97.83	0.000^**
	生境×物种 Interaction	5	4.683 2	0.936 6	78.34	0.000^**
	误差 Error	24	0.286 9	0.012 0
	总变异 Total variation	35	13.358 7
初始荧光 F_o	生境 Habitat	1	504 214	530 337	61.73	0.000^**
	物种 Species	5	424 867	84 734	9.86	0.000^**
	生境×物种 Interaction	5	293 673	58 735	6.84	0.000^**
	误差 Error	34	292 116	8 592
	总变异 Total variation	45	1 514 871
最大荧光 F_m	生境 Habitat	1	14 193 581	14 403 083	180.04	0.000^**
	物种 Species	5	1 616 251	339 166	4.24	0.004^**
	生境×物种 Interaction	5	2 440 896	488 179	6.84	0.000^**
	误差 Error	34	2 719 966	79 999
	总变异 Total variation	45	20 970 694
最大光化学效率 F_v/F_m	生境 Habitat	1	0.594 401	0.624 560	166.16	0.000^**
	物种 Species	5	0.259 409	0.053 059	14.12	0.000^**
	生境×物种 Interaction	5	0.232 687	0.046 537	12.38	0.000^**
	误差 Error	34	0.127 798	0.003 759
	总变异 Total variation	45	1.214 295

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