毛白杨茎干不同方位夜间液流变化规律及其主要影响因子

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2020.0089

植物生态学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (8): 864-874.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2020.0089

毛白杨茎干不同方位夜间液流变化规律及其主要影响因子

赵飞飞¹^,^*(), 马煦¹^,^*(), 邸楠¹^,², 王烨³, 刘洋¹, 李广德⁴, 贾黎明¹, 席本野¹

¹北京林业大学省部共建森林培育与保护教育部重点实验室, 北京 100083
²内蒙古大学生态与环境学院, 呼和浩特 010021
³北京市林业果树科学研究院, 北京 100093
⁴国家开放大学农林医药教学部, 北京 100039

收稿日期:2020-03-30 接受日期:2020-07-10 出版日期:2020-08-20 发布日期:2020-08-07
通讯作者: 赵飞飞,马煦,席本野
作者简介:** benyexi@bjfu.edu.cn
第一联系人：
* 同等贡献 Contributed equally to this work
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31971640);国家自然科学基金(31872702);国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0600403)

Azimuthal variation in nighttime sap flow and its mainly influence factors of Populus tomentosa

ZHAO Fei-Fei¹^,^*(), MA Xu¹^,^*(), DI Nan¹^,², WANG Ye³, LIU Yang¹, LI Guang-De⁴, JIA Li-Ming¹, XI Ben-Ye¹

¹Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Silviculture and Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
²School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
³Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology sciences, Beijing 100093, China
⁴Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Medicine, the Open University of China, Beijing 100039, China

Received:2020-03-30 Accepted:2020-07-10 Online:2020-08-20 Published:2020-08-07
Contact: ZHAO Fei-Fei,MA Xu,XI Ben-Ye
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(31971640);National Natural Science Foundation of China(31872702);National Key R&D Program of China(2016YFD0600403)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为明确毛白杨(Populus tomentosa)不同方位夜间蒸腾量(Nt)及茎干充水量(Sr)等夜间液流活动的规律, 探究不同方位Nt和Sr的主要影响因子, 该研究使用热扩散的方法监测了宽窄行模式下栽植的毛白杨茎干不同方位夜间液流, 并用图像法区分Nt和Sr。使用自动气象站和机械式张力计监测太阳总辐射(R_s, kW·m^-2)、空气温度(T_a, ℃)、空气相对湿度(RH, %)、风速(v, m·s^-1)、土壤水势(ψ, kPa)等环境因子。通过比较各方位的Nt和Sr等液流活动的大小情况及其与环境因子之间的相关性得到方位间夜间液流的差异性以及各方位夜间液流的主要影响因子。结果显示: 宽行距位于东侧的样树西方位的Nt和Sr均最大, 其中西方位的Sr显著大于其他3个方位; 北方位的Nt显著小于其他3个方位; 其他方位间的Nt和Sr无显著差异; 各方位夜间茎干充水量占夜间液流量的比例(Sr/Q)无显著差异。宽行距位于西侧的样树西方位的Nt和Sr亦均最大, 其中西方位的Sr显著大于东方位和南方位; 南方位的Nt最小, 显著小于西方位和北方位, 其他方位间的Nt和Sr无显著差异; 南方位的Sr/Q显著大于其他3个方位。各方位的Nt和Sr均与水汽压亏缺(VPD)有显著的正相关关系, 部分方位Nt和Sr与T_a和RH有显著相关关系, 没有任何方位Nt和Sr与v和ψ有显著相关关系。Nt和Sr方位间的差异(Nt_CV、Sr_CV)与VPD、T_a、RH、v和ψ均无显著相关关系。此外, Sr受白天的液流活动的影响显著。综上所述, 毛白杨不同方位Nt和Sr等液流活动具有较大的差异, 且西方位是优势方位; VPD是影响各方位Nt和Sr的主要气象因子。

关键词: 毛白杨, 方位, 夜间蒸腾, 茎干充水

Abstract:

Aims To clarify the azimuthal regularity of nocturnal sap-flow activities of Populus tomentosa, which includes nocturnal transpiration (Nt) and stem water refilling (Sr), and explore the main impact factors of Nt and Sr in different orientations.
Methods The thermal dissipation method was used to monitor the nocturnal sap flow of P. tomentosa planted in wide and narrow rows patterns. The image method was used to distinguish Nt and Sr. An automatic weather station measured global solar radiation (R_s, kW·m^-2), air temperature (T_a, ℃), relative humidity (RH, %), wind speed (v, m·s^-1) and other environmental factors. Mechanical tensiometers measured soil water potential (ψ, kPa). The differences of nocturnal sap-flow among orientations and their main impact factors were determined by comparing the magnitudes of Nt and Sr and their correlations with the impact factors.
Important findings The results showed that, for trees on the east-wide-row, the west orientation has the largest Nt and Sr. The Sr in the west orientation was significantly larger than that in the other three orientations. In contrast, north oriented Nt was significantly smaller than that in the other three orientations. There was no significant difference in Nt and Sr among other orientations and the proportion of Sr accounted for the nighttime sap flow (Sr/Q) in all orientations. For trees on the west-wide-row, Nt and Sr in the west orientation were also the largest, and the Sr in the west orientation was significantly larger than that in the east and south. The Nt in the south orientation was the smallest and significantly smaller than that in the west and north. There was no significant difference in Nt and Sr among other orientations. The Sr/Q in the south orientation was significantly larger than that in the other three orientations. The Nt and Sr had significantly positive correlations with vapor pressure deficiency (VPD), and Nt and Sr in some orientations had significant correlations with T_a and RH, but Nt and Sr in all orientations had no significant correlation with v and ψ. The variation coefficient of Nt and Sr among the four orientations (Nt_CV and Sr_CV) had no significant correlation with VPD, T_a, RH, v and ψ. In addition, the Sr was significantly affected by the daytime sap flow. In conclusion, there were significant differences in nocturnal sap flow of P. tomentosa such as Nt and Sr, with west being the most dominant. VPD was the mainly meteorological impact factor of Nt and Sr in all orientations at night.

Key words: Populus tomentosa, orientation, nighttime transpiration, stem refilling

赵飞飞, 马煦, 邸楠, 王烨, 刘洋, 李广德, 贾黎明, 席本野. 毛白杨茎干不同方位夜间液流变化规律及其主要影响因子. 植物生态学报, 2020, 44(8): 864-874. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2020.0089

ZHAO Fei-Fei, MA Xu, DI Nan, WANG Ye, LIU Yang, LI Guang-De, JIA Li-Ming, XI Ben-Ye. Azimuthal variation in nighttime sap flow and its mainly influence factors of Populus tomentosa. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2020, 44(8): 864-874. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2020.0089

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2020.0089

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2020/V44/I8/864

图/表 12

图1 毛白杨宽窄行模式栽植示意图。

Fig. 1 Scheme of wide and narrow row planting of Populus tomentosa.

表1 宽窄行模式种植下毛白杨样树的信息及液流监测时期

Table 1 Characteristics and metrical information of sample trees of Populus tomentosa which planted in wide and narrow rows

编号 Number	胸径 Diameter at breast height (cm)	液流测量时期 Sap flow measured date	测量完整天数 Full measured days	宽行距位置 Wide row position
T₁	10.32	2011-05-16-05-19	4	W
T₂	10.56	2011-05-21-05-24	4	E
T₃	11.04	2011-05-26-05-29	4	W
T₄	9.80	2011-05-31-06-04	5	E
T₅	9.90	2011-06-06-06-12	7	E
T₆	10.65	2011-06-17-06-23	7	W
T₇	13.30	2011-06-25-07-03	9	W
T₈	12.72	2011-07-05-07-18	13	W
T₉	7.47	2011-07-19-07-29	11	W
T₁₀	8.35	2011-08-02-08-16	14	W

图2 毛白杨夜间蒸腾和茎干充水区分方法示意图。

Fig. 2 Scheme of distinguishing nighttime transpiration from stem refilling of Populus tomentosa.

图3 宽窄行模式栽植下毛白杨液流研究期内环境因子变化。

Fig. 3 Variation of environmental factors during the sap flow study period of Populus tomentosa which planted in wide and narrow rows.

表2 宽窄行模式栽植下毛白杨液流研究期内昼夜气象因子差异及相关性

Table 2 Differences and correlations between diurnal and nocturnal meteorological factors during the sap flow study period of Populus tomentosa which planted in wide and narrow rows

	T_a (℃)	VPD (kPa)	RH (%)	v (m·s^-1)
白天-夜间 Daytime-nighttime	4.34^**	0.77^**	-12.08^**	0.73^**
相关系数 Correlation coefficient	0.812^**	0.879^**	0.849^**	0.533^**

图4 宽窄行模式种植下毛白杨不同方位的夜间液流量变化。DAY, 开始监测液流的天数。

Fig. 4 Variation of differently azimuthal nocturnal sap flux of Populus tomentosa which planted in wide and narrow rows. DAY, the number of days to start monitoring the sap flow.

表3 宽窄行模式栽植下的毛白杨不同方位夜间液流配对样本t检验结果

Table 3 The t-test result of differently azimuthal nocturnal sap flux of Populus tomentosa which planted in wide and narrow rows

方位 Orientation		E-S	E-W	E-N	S-W	S-N	W-N	n
宽行距位于东侧 Wide row in the east	平均差异 Average difference	-0.005	-0.027	0.021	-0.022	0.026	0.049^*	23
宽行距位于东侧 Wide row in the east	相关系数 Correlation coefficient	0.644^**	0.612^**	0.739^**	0.586^**	0.895^**	0.434^*	23
宽行距位于西侧 Wide row in the west	平均差异 Average difference	0.029	-0.11^**	-0.035	-0.14^**	-0.063^*	0.075^*	70
宽行距位于西侧 Wide row in the west	相关性 Correlation coefficient	0.621^**	0.471^**	0.675^**	0.609^**	0.445^**	0.344^*	70

图5 毛白杨不同方位夜间蒸腾、茎干充水以及充水所占比例的平均值(平均值±标准偏差)。E、W分别表示宽行位于样树的东侧和西侧。柱状图上的不同字母表示方位间的差异显著。

Fig. 5 Average value (mean ± SD) of nocturnal transpiration, stem refilling, and proportion of stem refilling in different orientations of Populus tomentosa. E and W indicate wide rows are in the east and west of the sample trees, respectively. Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference in different directions.

表4 宽窄行模式种植下毛白杨不同方位夜间蒸腾量和茎干充水量配对样本t检验结果

Table 4 The t-test result of nocturnal transpiration and stem refilling of Populus tomentosa which planted in wide and narrow rows

		E-S	E-W	E-N	S-W	S-N	W-N
宽行距位于东侧 Wide row in the east	Nt	-0.012	-0.013	0.039^**	-0.001	0.051^**	0.052^**
	Sr	0.029	-0.062^*	0.029	-0.091^**	0.001	0.091^*
	Sr/Q	0.067	-0.019	-0.034	-0.086	-0.100	-0.015
宽行距位于西侧 Wide row in the west	Nt	0.031	-0.068	-0.034	-0.099^**	-0.065^**	0.034
	Sr	-0.005	-0.072^**	-0.046^**	-0.070^**	-0.041^*	0.026
	Sr/Q	-0.096^**	0.009	-0.024	0.110^**	0.073^**	-0.033

表5 宽窄行模式栽植下毛白杨各方位夜间蒸腾量、茎干充水量与白天液流的相关系数

Table 5 Correlation coefficients between nocturnal transpiration, stem refilling and diurnal sap flux in different orientations of Populus tomentosa which planted in wide and narrow rows

	E	S	W	N
Nt	0.096	0.189	-0.203	0.015
Sr	0.436^**	0.377^**	0.471^**	0.250^*

表6 环境因子与毛白杨各方位夜间蒸腾量和茎干充水量的相关系数

Table 6 Correlation coefficients between environmental factors and nocturnal transpiration, stem refilling in different orientations of Populus tomentosa

	VPD	T_a	RH	v	ψ
Nt_E	0.590^**	-0.611^*	-0.814^**	0.188	0.042
Nt_S	0.760^**	0.102	-0.613^*	-0.310	-0.354
Nt_W	0.577^*	-0.334	-0.602^*	-0.026	-0.178
Nt_N	0.678^**	-0.288	-0.623^*	-0.099	-0.212
Nt_CV	-0.385	-0.194	0.152	0.345	0.398
Sr_E	0.584^*	-0.472^*	-0.554^*	-0.297	-0.170
Sr_S	0.555^**	0.068	-0.411	-0.514	-0.276
Sr_W	0.576^*	-0.129	-0.468^*	-0.421	-0.261
Sr_N	0.521^*	-0.313	-0.457^*	-0.296	-0.067
Sr_CV	0.152	0.159	-0.078	-0.321	0.046

图6 毛白杨各方位夜间蒸腾量和茎干充水量与水汽压亏缺的线性关系。

Fig. 6 Linear relationship between nocturnal transpiration, stem refilling in different orientations of Populus tomentosa and vapour pressure deficiency.

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	[ 张婕, 蔡永茂, 陈立欣, 陈左司南, 张志强 (2019). 北京山区元宝枫夜间液流活动特征及影响因素. 生态学报, 39, 3210-3223.]

毛白杨茎干不同方位夜间液流变化规律及其主要影响因子

Azimuthal variation in nighttime sap flow and its mainly influence factors of Populus tomentosa

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