河南木札岭温带落叶阔叶林群落特征及主要乔木空间分布格局

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2016.0192

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以木札岭世界地质公园3 hm²的温带落叶阔叶林为研究对象, 分析了群落的物种组成、胸径结构、群落分类和主要物种的空间分布格局。结果显示: 样地内共有木本植物31科52属85种, 以蔷薇科、桦木科、卫矛科、忍冬科、杨柳科和槭树科为主, 锐齿槲栎(Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata)和华山松(Pinus armandii)为群落内优势种, 稀有种和偶见种分别占总物种数的20.0%和28.24%。物种径级分布遵从典型的倒“J”型, 植物群落更新状况良好。多元回归树经过交叉验证认为可将该样地划分为4个群落类型: 1)锐齿槲栎+华山松+秦岭木姜子(Litsea tsinlingensis) +微毛樱桃(Cerasus clarofolia) +三桠乌药(Lindera obtusiloba)群落; 2)锐齿槲栎+腺柳(Salix chaenomeloides) +湖北花楸(Sorbus hupehensis)群落; 3)锐齿槲栎+臭椿(Ailanthus altissima) +微毛樱桃+秦岭木姜子群落; 4)锐齿槲栎+白蜡(Fraxinus chinensis) +秦岭木姜子+山梅花(Philadelphus incanus)群落。在完全随机分布模型下, 样地中主要物种在整个研究尺度中全部呈聚集分布, 并且这些物种主要聚集分布在不同的生境中, 具有明显的地形生境偏好;在异质性泊松分布模型下, 这些物种在不同尺度上主要呈随机分布或规则分布。该研究结果表明地形生境异质性是影响木札岭样地物种空间分布的重要因素。通过该研究可增加对木札岭世界地质公园植物组成、群落结构和群落分布的认识, 同时可为该区域生物多样性保护和森林管理提供参考。

关键词: 森林动态样地, 群落结构, 多元回归树, 点格局, 地形生境异质性

Abstract:

Aims The objective of this paper is to quantify the species composition and spatial distribution pattern in a deciduous broad-leaved forest in temperate to subtropical ecological transition zone.
Methods In this study, a 3-hm² forest was selected in the temperate to subtropical ecological transition zone to analyze the community species composition, structure of diameter at breast height, community classification and spatial distribution pattern of dominant tree species.
Important findings Our results showed that in the plot there were 85 species, 52 genera and 31 families, mainly composed of Betulaceae, Celastraceae, Caprifoliaceae, Salicaceae and Aceraceae. Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata and Pinus armandii are dominant species of the community tree layer. The rare species and occasional species accounted for 20.0% and 28.24% of total species respectively. Size distribution of all species showed an invert J-shape, which indicates that the community is in a stable and normal growth status. Using multiple regression trees, the community in this plot can be divided into four categories: 1) Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata + Pinus armandii + Litsea tsinlingensis + Cerasus clarofolia + Lindera obtusiloba; 2) Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata + Salix chaenomeloides + Sorbus hupehensis; 3) Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata + Ailanthus altissima + Cerasus clarofolia + Litsea tsinlingensis; 4) Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata + Fraxinus chinensis + Litsea tsinlingensis + Philadelphus incanus. Under the completely random distribution model, the main species in the plot display clustered distributions, with the different species occurring in different habitat types, showing obvious terrain habitat preferences. However, under the heterogeneous Poisson distribution model, these species at different scales are distributed randomly or regularly. This study helps to understand the plant community species composition of the Muzhaling World Geopark, community structure and community distribution. The results show that the terrain habitat heterogeneity is an important factor influencing the spatial distribution of the species. The present work improves the understanding of plant community in Muzhaling World Geopark, and provides technical reference for biodiversity conservation and forest management of this area.

Key words: forest dynamics plot, community structure, multivariate regression tree, point pattern, topography habitat heterogeneity

陈云, 王婷, 李培坤, 姚成亮, 袁志良, 叶永忠. 河南木札岭温带落叶阔叶林群落特征及主要乔木空间分布格局. 植物生态学报, 2016, 40(11): 1179-1188. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2016.0192

Yun CHEN, Ting WANG, Pei-Kun LI, Cheng-Liang YAO, Zhi-Liang YUAN, Yong-Zhong YE. Community characteristics and spatial distribution of dominant tree species in a deciduous broad-leaved forest of Muzhaling, Henan, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2016, 40(11): 1179-1188. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2016.0192

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2016.0192

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2016/V40/I11/1179

图/表 7

图1 木札岭3 hm2永久监测样地地形图。

Fig. 1 The topography map of the Muzhaling plot with the size of 3 hm2.

表1 木札岭森林样地重要值前10位的物种

Table 1 Top 10 species based on important value in the Muzhaling forest plot

物种 Species	多度 Abundance	平均胸径 Mean diameter at breast height (cm)	胸高断面积 Basal area (m²)	重要值 Important value (%)
锐齿槲栎 Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata	2 237	16.5	65.1	30.4
秦岭木姜子 Litsea tsinlingensis	931	4.1	2.2	4.8
华山松 Pinus armandii	429	12.5	7.7	4.6
微毛樱桃 Cerasus clarofolia	727	6.0	3.3	4.3
三桠乌药 Lindera obtusiloba	382	5.7	1.4	2.3
湖北花楸 Sorbus hupehensis	433	2.9	0.5	2.2
油松 Pinus tabulaeformis	145	14.7	3.5	2.1
华东椴 Sorbus hupehensis	267	7.1	1.7	2.0
漆树 Toxicodendron vernicifluum	167	11.1	2.7	1.9
腺柳 Salix chaenomeloides	165	11.3	2.1	1.7

图2 木札岭3 hm2样地物种胸径结构分布图。

Fig. 2 Distribution of diameter at breast height class in Mu- zhaling forest plot of 3 hm2.

图3 木札岭3 hm2样地9个主要物种胸径结构分布图。

Fig. 3 Size-class of diameter at breast height (DBH) distributions of nine dominant species in the Muzhaling forest plot t of 3 hm2.

图4 基于多元回归树的木札岭森林样地群落划分。I、II、III和IV为4个群落编号。n, 样方数量。

Fig. 4 Multivariate regression tree for community classification in the Muzhaling forest plot. I, II, III and IV are the number of four communities. n, number of plots.

图5 木札岭样地9个主要物种完全随机状态的空间分布格局。实线为实际观测值, 虚线为理论值, 灰色区间为置信区间。图中子图为物种在样地中的空间分布图。

Fig. 5 Spatial distribution pattern under complete spatial randomness null model of nine dominant species in the Muzhaling forest plot. The solid line is the observed value, and the dotted line for the theoretical value. Grey interval is the confidence interval. The subset shows the species distribution in the plot.

图6 木札岭样地主要物种异质性泊松分布下的空间分布格局。实线为实际观测值, 虚线为理论值, 灰色区间为置信区间。

Fig. 6 Spatial distribution pattern under heterogeneity Poisson null model of nine dominant species in the Muzhaling forest plot. The solid line is the observed value, and the dotted line for the theoretical value. Grey interval is the confidence interval.

参考文献 27

[1]	De’Ath G (2002). Multivariate regression trees: A new technique for modeling species-environment relationships.Ecology, 83, 1105-1117.
[2]	Getzin S, Wiegand T, Wiegand K, He FL (2008). Heterogeneity influences spatial patterns and demographics in forest stands.Journal of Ecology, 96, 807-820.
[3]	Guo YL, Wang B, Xiang WS, Ding T, Lu SH, Huang YS, Huang FZ, Li DX, Li XK (2015). Spatial distribution of tree species in a tropical karst seasonal rainforest in Nonggang, Guangxi, Southern China.Biodiversity Science, 23, 183-191.[郭屹立, 王斌, 向悟生, 丁涛, 陆树华, 黄俞淞, 黄甫昭, 李冬兴, 李先琨 (2015). 广西弄岗北热带喀斯特季节性雨林监测样地种群空间点格局分析. 生物多样性, 23, 183-191.]
[4]	Harms KE, Condit R, Hubbell SP, Foster RB (2001). Habitat associations of trees and shrubs in a 50-ha neotropical forest plot. Journal of Ecology, 89, 947-959.
[5]	Huang YF, Ding Y, Zang RG, Li XC, Zou ZC, Han WT (2012). Spatial pattern of trees in tropical lowland rain forest in Bawangling of Hainan Island, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 36, 269-280. (in Chinese with English abstract)[黄运峰, 丁易, 臧润国, 李小成, 邹正冲, 韩文涛 (2012). 海南岛霸王岭热带低地雨林树木的空间格局. 植物生态学报, 36, 269-280.]
[6]	Huang YT, Yao L, Ai XR, Lu SA, Ding Y (2015). Quantitative classification of the subtropical evergreen-deciduous broadleaved mixed forest and the deciduous and evergreen species composition structure across two national nature reserves in the southwest of Hubei, China.Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 39, 990-1002. (in Chinese with English abstract)[黄永涛, 姚兰, 艾训儒, 吕世安, 丁易 (2015). 鄂西南两个自然保护区亚热带常绿落叶阔叶混交林类型及其常绿和落叶物种组成结构分析. 植物生态学报, 39, 990-1002.]
[7]	Hubbell SP (2001). The Unified Neutral Theory of Biodiversity and Biogeography. Princeton University Press, Princeton, USA.
[8]	Hubbell SP, Foster RB (1986). Commonness and rarity in a neotropical forest: Implications for tropical tree conservation. In: Soulé ME ed. Conservation Biology: The Science of Scarcity and Diversity. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, USA. 205-231.
[9]	Jia HR, Chen Y, Yuan ZL, Ye YZ, Huang QC (2015). Effects of environmental and spatial heterogeneity on tree community assembly in Baotianman National Nature Reserve, Henan, China.Polish Journal of Ecology, 63, 175-183.
[10]	Lai JS, Mi XC, Ren HB, Ma KP (2010). Numerical classification of associations in subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest based on multivariate regression trees—A case study of 24 hm2 Gutianshan forest plot in China.Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 34, 761-769. (in Chinese with English abstract)[赖江山, 米湘成, 任海保, 马克平 (2010). 基于多元回归树的常绿阔叶林群丛数量分类——以古田山24公顷森林样地为例. 植物生态学报, 34, 761-769.]
[11]	Li B (2000). Ecology. Higher Education Press, Beijing. 45-47. (in Chinese)[李博 (2000). 生态学. 高等教育出版社, 北京. 45-47.]
[12]	Li L, Chen JH, Ren HB, Mi XC, Yu MJ, Yang B (2010). Spatial patterns of Castanopsis eyrei and Schima superba in mid-subtropical broadleaved evergreen forest in Gutianshan National Reserve, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 34, 241-252. (in Chinese with English abstract)[李立, 陈建华, 任海保, 米湘成, 于明坚, 杨波 (2010). 古田山常绿阔叶林优势树种甜槠和木荷的空间格局分析. 植物生态学报, 34, 241-252.]
[13]	Liang S, Xu H, Lin JY, Li YD, Lin MX (2014). Spatial distribution pattern of the dominant speciesGironniera subaequalis in tropical montane rainforest of Jianfengling, Hainan Island, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 38, 1273-1282. (in Chinese with English abstract)[梁爽, 许涵, 林家怡, 李意德, 林明献 (2014). 尖峰岭热带山地雨林优势树种白颜树空间分布格局. 植物生态学报, 38, 1273-1282.]
[14]	Nee S (2005). The neutral theory of biodiversity: Do the numbers add up?Functional Ecology, 19, 173-176.
[15]	Song YC, Yan ER, Song K (2015). Synthetic comparison of eight dynamics plots in evergreen broadleaf forests, China.Biodiversity Science, 23, 139-148. (in Chinese with English abstract)[宋永昌, 阎恩荣, 宋坤 (2015). 中国常绿阔叶林8大动态监测样地植被的综合比较. 生物多样性, 23, 139-148.]
[16]	Sterner RW, Ribic CA, Schatz GE (1986). Testing for life historical changes in spatial patterns of four tropical tree species.Journal of Ecology, 74, 621-633.
[17]	Stoyan D, Penttinen A (2000). Recent applications of point process methods in forestry statistics.Statistical Science, 15, 61-78.
[18]	Valencia R, Foster R, Villa G, Condit R, Svenning JC, Hernandez C, Romoleroux K, Losos E, Magard E, Balslev H (2004). Tree species distributions and local habitat variation in the Amazon: A large plot in eastern Ecuador.Journal of Ecology, 92, 214-229.
[19]	Wang HJ, Chang SL, Zhang YT, Xie J, He P, Song CC, Sun XJ (2016). Density-dependent effects inPicea schrenkiana forests in Tianshan Mountains. Biodiversity Science, 24, 252-261. (in Chinese with English abstract)[王慧杰, 常顺利, 张毓涛, 谢锦, 何平, 宋成程, 孙雪娇 (2016). 天山雪岭云杉森林群落的密度制约效应. 生物多样性, 24, 252-261.]
[20]	Wang X, Wiegand T, Hao Z, Li B, Ye J, Lin F (2010). Species associations in an old-growth temperate forest in Northeastern China.Journal of Ecology, 98, 674-686.
[21]	Wang YP, Wei BL, Yin WK, Chen Y, Wang J, Ye YZ (2014). Species composition and spatial distribution in Baotianman National Nature Reserve shaw.Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 43(4), 97-100. (in Chinese with English abstract)[王亚平, 韦博良, 殷卫抗, 陈云, 王进, 叶永忠 (2014). 宝天曼杂木林样地的物种组成及空间分布格局. 河南农业科学, 43(4), 97-100.]
[22]	Wiegand T, Gunatilleke S, Gunatilleke N (2007). Species associations in a heterogeneous Sri Lankan dipterocarp forest.The American Naturalist, 170(4), E77-E95.
[23]	Xu LN, Jin GZ (2012). Species composition and community structure of a typical mixed broadleaved-Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) forest plot in Liangshui Nature Reserve, Northeast China. Biodiversity Science, 20, 470-481. (in Chinese with English abstract)[徐丽娜, 金光泽 (2012). 小兴安岭凉水典型阔叶红松林动态监测样地: 物种组成与群落结构. 生物多样性, 20, 470-481.]
[24]	Yamakura T, Kanzake M, Itoh A, Ohkubo T, Ogino K, Chai EOK, Lee HS, Ashton PS (1995). Topography of a large-scale research plot established within a tropical rain forest at Lambir, Sarawak.Tropics, 5, 41-56.
[25]	Yuan ZL, Chen Y, Wei BL, Zhang BQ, Wang DY, Ye YZ (2013). Species habitat correlation analysis in temperate- subtropical ecological transition zone.Acta Ecologica Sinica, 33, 7819-7826. (in Chinese with English abstract)[袁志良, 陈云, 韦博良, 张斌强, 汪东亚, 叶永忠 (2013). 暖温带-北亚热带生态过渡区物种生境相关性分析. 生态学报, 33, 7819-7826.]
[26]	Zhang WJ, Zhang QD, Wang J, Feng F, Bi RC (2015). A com- parison of multivariate regression tree and two-way indi- cator species analysis in plant community classification. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 39, 586-592. (in Chinese with English abstract)[张文静, 张钦弟, 王晶, 冯飞, 毕润成 (2015). 多元回归树与双向指示种分析在群落分类中的应用比较. 植物生态学报, 39, 586-592.]
[27]	Zhu Y (2009). The Prevalence of Density Dependence in Gutianshan Subtropical Evergreen Broadleaved Forest, China. PhD dissertation, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing. 22-34. (in Chinese).[祝燕 (2009). 古田山亚热带常绿阔叶林密度制约普遍性研究. 博士学位论文, 中国科学院植物研究所, 北京. 22-34.]