青藏高原高寒区阔叶林植被固碳现状、速率和潜力

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2015.0152

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为明晰青藏高原高寒区阔叶林植被碳储量现状及其动态变化特征, 利用森林资源清查数据和标准样地实测数据, 估算了青藏高原高寒区(青海和西藏两省区)阔叶林植被的碳储量、固碳速率和固碳潜力。结果表明: 2011年青藏高原高寒区阔叶林植被碳储量为310.70 Tg, 碳密度为89.04 Mg·hm^-2。六类阔叶林型(栎(Quercus)林、桦木(Betula)林、杨树(Populus)林、其他硬阔林、其他软阔林和阔叶混交林)中, 阔叶混交林的碳储量最大, 杨树林碳储量最小; 其他硬阔林碳密度最大, 其他软阔林碳密度最小。空间分配上碳储量和碳密度表现为: 乔木层>灌木层>凋落物层>草本层>枯死木层。不同龄级碳储量和碳密度总体表现为随林龄增加逐渐增大的趋势。阔叶林碳储量从2001年的304.26 Tg增加到2011年的310.70 Tg, 平均年固碳量为0.64 Tg·a^-1, 固碳速率为0.19 Mg·hm^-2·a^-1。不同林型固碳速率表现为其他软阔林最大, 其他硬阔林最小; 不同龄级表现为成熟林最大, 幼龄林最小。阔叶林乔木层固碳潜力为19.09 Mg·hm^-2, 且不同林型固碳潜力表现为栎林最大, 桦树林最小。三次调查期间阔叶林碳储量逐渐增加, 主要原因是近年来森林保护工程的开展使阔叶林生长健康良好。

关键词: 碳储量, 固碳速率, 固碳潜力, 阔叶林, 青藏高原高寒区

Abstract:

Aims
Our objective was to explore the vegetation carbon storages and their variations in the broad-leaved forests in the alpine region of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau that includes Qinghai Province and Xizang Autonomous Region.
Methods
Based on forest resource inventory data and field sampling, this paper studied the carbon storage, its sequestration rate, and the potentials in the broad-leaved forests in the alpine region of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.
Important findings
The vegetation carbon storage in the broad-leaved forest accounted for 310.70 Tg in 2011, with the highest value in the broad-leaved mixed forest and the lowest in Populus forest among the six broad-leaved forests that include Quercus, Betula, Populus, other hard broad-leaved species, other soft broad-leaved species, and the broadleaved mixed forest. The carbon density of the broad-leaved forest was 89.04 Mg·hm^-2, with the highest value in other hard broad-leaved species forest and the lowest in other soft broad-leaved species forest. The carbon storage and carbon density in different layers of the forests followed a sequence of overstory layer > understory layer > litter layer > grass layer > dead wood layer, which all increased with forest age. In addition, the carbon storage of broad-leaved forest increased from 304.26 Tg in 2001 to 310.70 Tg in 2011. The mean annual carbon sequestration and its rate were 0.64 Tg·a^-1and 0.19 Mg·hm^-2·a^-1, respectively. The maximum and minimum of the carbon sequestration rate were respectively found in other soft broad-leaved species forest and other hard broad-leaved species forest, with the highest value in the mature forest and the lowest in the young forest. Moreover, the carbon sequestration potential in the tree layer of broad-leaved forest reached 19.09 Mg·hm^-2 in 2011, with the highest value found in Quercus forest and the lowest in Betula forest. The carbon storage increased gradually during three inventory periods, indicating that the broad-leaved forest was well protected to maintain a healthy growth by the forest protection project of Qinghai Province and Xizang Autonomous Region.

Key words: carbon storage, carbon sequestration rate, carbon sequestration potential, broad-leaved forest, alpine area of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau

王建, 王根绪, 王长庭, 冉飞, 常瑞英. 青藏高原高寒区阔叶林植被固碳现状、速率和潜力. 植物生态学报, 2016, 40(4): 374-384. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0152

Jian WANG, Gen-Xu WANG, Chang-Ting WANG, Fei RAN, Rui-Ying CHANG. Carbon storage and potentials of the broad-leaved forest in alpine region of the Qinghai- Xizang Plateau, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2016, 40(4): 374-384. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0152

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https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2016/V40/I4/374

图/表 8

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林型 Forest type	幼龄林 Young forest	中龄林 Middle-aged forest	近熟林 Near-mature forest	成熟林 Mature Forest	过熟林 Over-mature forest
栎类 Quercus spp.	≤40	41-60	61-80	81-120	≥121
桦木 Betula spp.	≤30	31-50	51-60	61-80	≥81
杨树 Populus spp.	≤10	11-15	16-20	21-30	≥31
其他软阔类 Other soft broad-leaved species	≤10	11-15	16-20	21-30	≥31
其他硬阔类 Other hard broad-leaved species	≤40	41-60	61-80	81-120	≥121
阔叶混交林 Broad-leaved mixed forest	≤40	41-60	61-80	81-120	≥121

林型 Forest type	幼龄林 Young forest	中龄林 Middle-aged forest	近熟林 Near-mature forest	成熟林 Mature Forest	过熟林 Over-mature forest
栎类 Quercus spp.	≤40	41-60	61-80	81-120	≥121
桦木 Betula spp.	≤30	31-50	51-60	61-80	≥81
杨树 Populus spp.	≤10	11-15	16-20	21-30	≥31
其他软阔类 Other soft broad-leaved species	≤10	11-15	16-20	21-30	≥31
其他硬阔类 Other hard broad-leaved species	≤40	41-60	61-80	81-120	≥121
阔叶混交林 Broad-leaved mixed forest	≤40	41-60	61-80	81-120	≥121

树种 Forest species	西藏自治区生物量方程 Allometric equations in Xizang Autonomous Region	树种 Forest species	青海省生物量方程 Allometric equations in Qinghai Province
栎类 Quercus spp.	W_L = 0.3402(D²H)^0.4670	山杨 Populus davidiana	W_L= 0.0033(D²H)^0.8820
	W_B= 0.03427(D²H)^0.8887		W_B= 0.0093(D²H)^0.8950
	W_S= 0.1202(D²H)^0.9773		W_S= 0.0413(D²H)^0.8663
	W_R= 0.8062(D²H)^0.7025		W_R= 0.0183(D²H)^0.8527
杨树 Populus spp.	W_L= 0.0078(D²H)^0.7753	其他杨树 Other Populus spp.	W_L= 0.0035(D²H)^0.8774
	W_B= 0.026(D²H)^0.7655		W_B= 0.0095(D²H)^0.8951
	W_S= 0.0529(D²H)^0.8364		W_S= 0.0417(D²H)^0.8860
	W_R= 0.0079(D²H)^0.9577		W_R= 0.0289(D²H)^0.7860
其他树种 Other species	W_L= 0.0075(D²H)^0.8592	其他树种 Other species	W_L= 0.0075(D²H)^0.8592
	W_B= 0.0079(D²H)^1.007		W_B= 0.0079(D²H)^1.007
	W_S= 0.0401(D²H)^0.8514		W_S= 0.0401(D²H)^0.8514
	W_R= 0.0176(D²H)^0.8841		W_R= 0.0176(D²H)^0.8841

树种 Forest species	西藏自治区生物量方程 Allometric equations in Xizang Autonomous Region	树种 Forest species	青海省生物量方程 Allometric equations in Qinghai Province
栎类 Quercus spp.	W_L = 0.3402(D²H)^0.4670	山杨 Populus davidiana	W_L= 0.0033(D²H)^0.8820
	W_B= 0.03427(D²H)^0.8887		W_B= 0.0093(D²H)^0.8950
	W_S= 0.1202(D²H)^0.9773		W_S= 0.0413(D²H)^0.8663
	W_R= 0.8062(D²H)^0.7025		W_R= 0.0183(D²H)^0.8527
杨树 Populus spp.	W_L= 0.0078(D²H)^0.7753	其他杨树 Other Populus spp.	W_L= 0.0035(D²H)^0.8774
	W_B= 0.026(D²H)^0.7655		W_B= 0.0095(D²H)^0.8951
	W_S= 0.0529(D²H)^0.8364		W_S= 0.0417(D²H)^0.8860
	W_R= 0.0079(D²H)^0.9577		W_R= 0.0289(D²H)^0.7860
其他树种 Other species	W_L= 0.0075(D²H)^0.8592	其他树种 Other species	W_L= 0.0075(D²H)^0.8592
	W_B= 0.0079(D²H)^1.007		W_B= 0.0079(D²H)^1.007
	W_S= 0.0401(D²H)^0.8514		W_S= 0.0401(D²H)^0.8514
	W_R= 0.0176(D²H)^0.8841		W_R= 0.0176(D²H)^0.8841

林型 Forest type	固碳速率 Carbon sequestration rate (Mg·hm^-2·a^-1)			碳储量 Carbon storage (Tg)			10年平均年固碳量 Mean annual carbon sequestration of ten years (Tg·a^-1)
林型 Forest type	2001-2006	2006-2011	2001-2011	2001	2006	2011
栎类 Quercus	0.36	0.74	0.55	44.66	45.56	47.42	0.28
桦木 Betula	1.04	0.71	0.88	10.00	10.92	11.56	0.16
杨树 Populus	0.92	0.57	0.74	5.46	6.01	6.35	0.09
其他软阔类 Other soft broad-leaved species	-0.24	2.65	1.21	8.14	8.03	9.33	0.12
其他硬阔类 Other hard broad-leaved species	0.01	-0.12	-0.06	23.99	24.00	23.86	-0.01
阔叶混交林 Broad-leaved mixed forest	-0.01	0.02	0.01	212.00	211.92	212.17	0.02
全部林型 All forest types	0.13	0.25	0.19	304.26	306.44	310.70	0.64