青藏高原高寒草地3米深度土壤无机碳库及分布特征

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2015.0406

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

准确评估土壤无机碳库的大小及其分布特征有助于全面理解陆地生态系统碳循环与气候变暖之间的反馈关系.然而, 由于深层土壤剖面信息匮乏, 使得目前学术界对深层土壤无机碳库的了解十分有限.该研究基于342个3 m深度和177个50 cm深度的土壤剖面信息, 采用克里格插值方法估算了青藏高原高寒草地不同深度的土壤无机碳库大小, 并在此基础上分析了该地区土壤无机碳密度的分布特征.结果显示, 青藏高原高寒草地0-50 cm,0-1 m,0-2 m和0-3 m深度的土壤无机碳库大小分别为8.26,17.82,36.33和54.29 Pg C, 对应的土壤无机碳密度分别为7.22,15.58,31.76和47.46 kg C·m^-2.研究区土壤无机碳密度总体呈现由东南向西北增加的趋势; 高寒草原土壤的无机碳密度显著大于高寒草甸的无机碳密度.整体上, 不同深度的高寒草原无机碳库约占整个研究区无机碳库的63%-66%.此外, 深层土壤中储存了大量无机碳, 1 m以下土壤无机碳库是1 m以内无机碳库的2倍.两种草地类型土壤无机碳的垂直分布存在差异: 对高寒草原而言, 0-50 cm土壤无机碳所占的比例最大; 但对高寒草甸而言, 在100-150 cm深度土壤无机碳出现富集.这些结果表明青藏高原深层土壤是一个重要的无机碳库, 需在未来碳循环研究中予以重视.

关键词: 碳库, 克里格插值, 土壤无机碳, 3 m土钻, 青藏高原

Abstract:

Aims To estimate the size and spatial patterns of 3-m-deep soil inorganic carbon (SIC) stock across alpine grasslands on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.Methods We conducted a comprehensive investigation and collected soil samples from 342 3-m-deep cores and 177 50-cm-deep pits across the study area. Using Kriging interpolation, we interpolated site-level observations to the regional level. The distribution of SIC density was then overlaid with the regional vegetation map at a scale of 1:1000000 to calculate SIC stock of the alpine steppe and alpine meadow. Kruskal-Wallis tests were further conducted to examine the differences of SIC density between the two grassland types and among soil depths with 50 cm-depth intervals.Important findings The total SIC stock at depths of 50 cm, 1 m, 2 m and 3 m were estimated at 8.26, 17.82, 36.33 and 54.29 Pg C, with SIC density being 7.22, 15.58, 31.76 and 47.46 kg C·m^-2, respectively. SIC density exhibited large spatial variability, with an increasing trend from the southeastern to the northwestern plateau. Much larger SIC stock was observed in the alpine steppe than alpine meadow, with the former accounting for 63%-66% of the total stock at depths of 50 cm, 1 m, 2 m and 3 m. A large amount of SIC stock was found in deep soils (1-3 m), amounting to approximately 2 times as much carbon stored in the top 1-m-deep soil layer. The vertical distributions of SIC density differed between the two grassland types. The highest proportions of SIC occurred in the upper 50 cm layer for the alpine steppe while the highest proportions occurred in 100-150 cm layer for the alpine meadow. These results highlight that a large amount of SIC is stored in deep soil layers, which should be considered in evaluating terrestrial carbon balance under global change scenario.

Key words: carbon stock, Kriging interpolation, soil inorganic carbon, deep cores, Qinghai-Xizang Plateau

张蓓蓓, 刘芳, 丁金枝, 房凯, 杨贵彪, 刘莉, 陈永亮, 李飞, 杨元合. 青藏高原高寒草地3米深度土壤无机碳库及分布特征. 植物生态学报, 2016, 40(2): 93-101. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0406

Bei-Bei ZHANG, Fang LIU, Jin-Zhi DING, Kai FANG, Gui-Biao YANG, Li LIU, Yong-Liang CHEN, Fei LI, Yuan-He YANG. Soil inorganic carbon stock in alpine grasslands on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau: An updated evaluation using deep cores. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2016, 40(2): 93-101. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0406

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2015.0406

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2016/V40/I2/93

图/表 5

表1 0-100,0-200和0-300 cm深度土壤无机碳密度与0-50 cm深度土壤无机碳密度(SICD)的关系

Table 1 Relationships of soil inorganic carbon density (SICD) at depths of 0-100, 0-200 and 0-300 cm with SICD in the top 50 cm

方程 Equation	R²	p	n
SICD_0-100= 1.9309SICD_0-50 + 1.6766	0.90	<0.01	114
SICD_0-200 = 3.4592SICD_0-50 + 6.8517	0.69	<0.01	114
SICD_0-300= 4.9222SICD_0-50 + 11.4026	0.61	<0.01	114

图1 青藏高原高寒草地3 m深度土壤无机碳密度(SICD)及各层在3 m深度无机碳密度中所占比例的垂直分布特征.A, 高寒草原各层土壤无机碳密度.B, 高寒草甸各层土壤无机碳密度.C, 高寒草原各层土壤无机碳密度在0-300 cm无机碳密度中所占比例.D, 高寒草甸各层土壤无机碳密度在0-300 cm无机碳密度中所占比例.图中字母a,b表示两种草地类型之间不同层次土壤无机碳密度差异的显著性检验结果(检验方法为Kruskal-Wallis检验, 显著性水平为0.05).

Fig. 1 Vertical distributions of soil inorganic carbon density (SICD) at 50 cm intervals and relative proportion of each layer to total SICD in the 3 meters for alpine steppe (A, C) and alpine meadow (B, D). Letters indicate significant differences between the two grasslands types at each depth interval (Kruskal-Wallis test, p < 0.05).

表2 青藏高原高寒草地不同深度土壤无机碳密度(SICD)和碳库

Table 2 Summary of estimated soil inorganic carbon density (SICD) and soil inorganic carbon (SIC) stock in alpine grasslands on the Tibetan Plateau

草地类型 Grassland types	面积 Area (10⁴ km²)	SICD (kg C·m^-2)				无机碳库 SIC stock (Pg C)
草地类型 Grassland types	面积 Area (10⁴ km²)	0-50 cm	0-100 cm	0-200 cm	0-300 cm	0-50 cm	0-100 cm	0-200 cm	0-300 cm
高寒草原 Alpine steppe	64.0	8.59	18.16	36.20	53.66	5.49	11.62	23.17	34.35
高寒草甸 Alpine meadow	50.4	5.48	12.29	26.12	39.58	2.76	6.20	13.16	19.95
总计 Total	114.4	7.22	15.58	31.76	47.46	8.26	17.82	36.33	54.29

图2 青藏高原高寒草地不同深度土壤无机碳密度(SICD)的空间分布(分辨率为10 km × 10 km).

Fig. 2 Spatial distributions of estimated soil inorganic carbon density (SICD) at different soil depths across alpine grasslands on the Tibetan Plateau at a resolution of 10 km × 10 km.

图3 0-50 cm无机碳密度的预测值与实测值之间的比较.根据青藏高原东部样点建立的回归关系(SICD0-50 cm = 1.7407SICD0-30 cm + 0.5068)在青藏高原西部的预测表现.SICD, 土壤无机碳密度; 虚线为1:1线.

Fig. 3 Validation of the regression model of soil inorganic carbon density (SICD) between the depths of 0-30 cm and 0-50 cm (SICD0-50 cm = 1.7407SICD0-30 cm + 0.5068) constructed in the eastern Tibetan Plateau, using actual measurements in the western part of the plateau. The dashed line is 1:1 line.

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