毛乌素沙地沙丘不同固定阶段黑沙蒿叶性状特征

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2022.0257

植物生态学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (11): 1376-1387.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2022.0257

毛乌素沙地沙丘不同固定阶段黑沙蒿叶性状特征

代远萌¹^,², 李满乐¹^,², 徐铭泽¹^,², 田赟¹^,²^,³^,^*(), 赵洪贤¹^,², 高圣杰¹^,², 郝少荣¹^,², 刘鹏¹^,²^,³, 贾昕¹^,²^,³, 查天山¹^,²^,³

¹北京林业大学水土保持学院, 北京 100083
²宁夏盐池毛乌素沙地生态系统国家定位观测研究站, 宁夏盐池 751500
³北京林业大学水土保持国家林业和草原局重点实验室, 北京 100083

收稿日期:2022-06-18 接受日期:2022-09-23 出版日期:2022-11-20 发布日期:2022-09-28
通讯作者: *田赟(tianyun@bjfu.edu.cn)
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31901366);国家自然科学基金(32071842);国家自然科学基金(32071843);国家自然科学基金(32101588)

Leaf traits of Artemisia ordosica at different dune fixation stages in Mau Us Sandy Land

DAI Yuan-Meng¹^,², LI Man-Le¹^,², XU Ming-Ze¹^,², TIAN Yun¹^,²^,³^,^*(), ZHAO Hong-Xian¹^,², GAO Sheng-Jie¹^,², HAO Shao-Rong¹^,², LIU Peng¹^,²^,³, JIA Xin¹^,²^,³, ZHA Tian-Shan¹^,²^,³

¹School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
²Yanchi Ecology Research Station of Mau Us Desert, Yanchi, Ningxia 751500, China
³Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China

Received:2022-06-18 Accepted:2022-09-23 Online:2022-11-20 Published:2022-09-28
Contact: *TIAN Yun(tianyun@bjfu.edu.cn)
Supported by:
The National Natural Science Foundation of China(31901366);The National Natural Science Foundation of China(32071842);The National Natural Science Foundation of China(32071843);The National Natural Science Foundation of China(32101588)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

半干旱地区沙丘固定过程中的植物叶性状的动态研究对于揭示该地区沙生植物对环境变化的生态适应策略具有重要意义。该研究选择毛乌素沙地沙丘4个不同固定阶段(半固定沙丘、固定沙丘、土壤结皮固定沙丘和草本植物固定沙丘)典型沙生植物黑沙蒿(Artemisia ordosica)为研究对象, 通过相关性分析、主成分分析及相似性分析等方法对黑沙蒿叶面积(LA)、比叶面积(SLA)、叶干物质含量(LDMC)和最大净光合速率(A_max)等11个叶性状进行分析, 探明黑沙蒿叶性状随沙丘逐渐固定的变化规律及叶性状间相互关系。主要结果有: (1)黑沙蒿LA和A_max在半固定沙丘阶段显著高于其他3个阶段; 叶碳含量随沙丘逐渐固定呈现先显著升高后略下降的变化趋势; 叶磷含量在半固定沙丘和土壤结皮固定沙丘阶段显著高于其余2个阶段, 且在半固定沙丘阶段最高。这些叶性状的变化表明在半固定沙丘阶段黑沙蒿倾向于增强光合作用来提高生存能力。(2)在不同阶段, 与植物光合能力相关的LA、SLA分别同反映物理防御结构的LDMC、叶组织密度间存在显著或极显著负相关关系。表明植物为适应环境, 对叶片光合能力的投资会随物理防御结构投资的增加而降低。这也表明了植物在生长繁殖和增强防御能力之间存在一种“此消彼长”的权衡关系。(3)综合沙丘的4个固定阶段, 与植物营养相关的叶化学性状同形态、生理性状间均存在显著相关关系; 且随沙丘逐渐固定, 黑沙蒿在资源权衡策略上存在从“快速投资-收益型”向“缓慢投资-收益型”变化的趋势。该研究结果进一步证实了沙生植物可通过叶性状与叶性状间相互关系优化其资源权衡策略, 以此来适应环境变化。

关键词: 叶性状, 资源权衡策略, 固沙阶段, 黑沙蒿

Abstract:

Aims The dynamic changes of plant leaf traits during sand dune fixation in semi-arid areas is of significance to reveal the ecologically adaptative strategies of sand plants to environmental changes in the region.
Methods Eleven leaf traits of a typical species, Artemisia ordosica, in the Mau Us Sandy Land, was measured at its four different stages of sand dune fixation (semi-fixed dune, fixed dune, fixed dune with biological soil crusts, fixed dune with abundant herbaceous plants). The variations in the leaf traits and their relationships over different sand-fixation stages were tested using correlation, principal component and similarity analysis.
Important findings (1) The leaf area (LA) and maximum net photosynthetic rate (A_max) in the semi-fixed dune stage were significantly higher than the other three stages of sand dune fixation, leaf carbon content increased significantly and then decreased slightly as the dunes gradually fixed. Leaf phosphorus content at the semi-fixed dune and the fixed dune with biological soil crusts was significantly higher than that at other two stages, and being highest at the semi-fixed dune stage. These variations in leaf traits indicated that A. ordosica tended to enhance photosynthesis for survival in the semi-fixed dune stage. (2) Photosynthesis-related traits of LA and specific leaf area (SLA) were significantly and negatively correlated with physically defense-related structure traits of leaf dry matter content (LDMC) and leaf tissue density, respectively, regardless of the stage of sand dune fixation. The results demonstrated that in order to adapt to the dry environment, the investment in leaf photosynthetic capacity would decrease with the increase of investment in physical defense structure. It also showed that there was a trade-off between the plant growth and defense capability enhancement at different stages of sand dune fixation. (3) The leaf chemical traits were significantly correlated with the leaf morphological and physiological traits. And the leaf traits tended to develop from “rapid investment - return” to “slow investment - return” as sand dune fixed. The results demonstrated that sandy plants could adjust their resource use trade-off strategy to adapt to different environmental changes through leaf traits and interrelationship optimization.

Key words: leaf trait, resource trade-off strategy, sand fixation stage, Artemisia ordosica

代远萌, 李满乐, 徐铭泽, 田赟, 赵洪贤, 高圣杰, 郝少荣, 刘鹏, 贾昕, 查天山. 毛乌素沙地沙丘不同固定阶段黑沙蒿叶性状特征. 植物生态学报, 2022, 46(11): 1376-1387. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2022.0257

DAI Yuan-Meng, LI Man-Le, XU Ming-Ze, TIAN Yun, ZHAO Hong-Xian, GAO Sheng-Jie, HAO Shao-Rong, LIU Peng, JIA Xin, ZHA Tian-Shan. Leaf traits of Artemisia ordosica at different dune fixation stages in Mau Us Sandy Land. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2022, 46(11): 1376-1387. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2022.0257

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2022.0257

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2022/V46/I11/1376

图/表 8

图1 毛乌素沙地沙丘不同固定阶段样地特征。A, 半固定沙丘阶段。B, 固定沙丘阶段。C, 土壤结皮固定沙丘阶段。D, 草本植物固定沙丘阶段。

Fig. 1 Characteristics of different dune fixation stages in Mau Us Sandy Land. A, Semi-fixed dune stage. B, Fixed dune stage. C, Fixed dune covered with biological soil crusts. D, Fixed dune with abundant herbaceous plants.

表1 毛乌素沙地沙丘不同固定阶段植被特征和土壤理化性质(平均值±标准误)

Table 1 Vegetation characteristics and soil physical-chemical properties at different dune fixation stages in Mau Us Sandy Land (mean ± SE)

植被特征与土壤指标 Vegetation characteristic and soil indicator	半固定沙丘 Semi-fixed dune stage	固定沙丘 Fixed dune stage	土壤结皮固定沙丘 Fixed dune covered with biological soil crusts	草本植物固定沙丘 Fixed dune with abundant herbaceous plant
植被覆盖度 Vegetation coverage (%)	23.29 ± 2.39^a	30.27 ± 2.32^a	46.43 ± 3.19^b	61.80 ± 2.80^c
黑沙蒿覆盖度 Coverage of Artemisia ordosica (%)	11.54 ± 1.24^a	22.11 ± 1.72^b	35.24 ± 1.37^c	38.23 ± 2.84^c
土壤有机碳含量 Soil organic carbon content (g·kg^-1)	0.55 ± 0.02^a	2.40 ± 0.23^b	0.94 ± 0.02^a	1.43 ± 0.05^a
土壤全氮含量 Soil total nitrogen content (g·kg^-1)	0.22 ± 0.01^a	0.31 ± 0.04^b	0.24 ± 0.01^ab	0.30 ± 0.01^ab
土壤全磷含量 Soil total phosphorus content (g·kg^-1)	0.05 ± 0.00^a	0.19 ± 0.02^b	0.07 ± 0.00^a	0.12 ± 0.01^a
优势物种 Dominant species	黑沙蒿、塔落岩黄耆、虫实、草木樨状黄耆、沙蓬 Artemisia ordosica, Corethrodendron lignosum var. leave, Corispermum sp., Astragalus melilotoides, Agriophyllum squarrosum	黑沙蒿、柠条锦鸡儿、草木樨状黄耆、华北白前、达乌里胡枝子 Artemisia ordosica, Caragana korshinskii, Astragalus melilotoides, Vincetoxicum mongolicum, Lespedeza davurica	黑沙蒿、塔落岩黄耆、草木樨状黄耆、华北白前、中华草沙蚕 Artemisia ordosica, Corethrodendron lignosum var. leave, Astragalus melilotoides, Vincetoxicum mongolicum, Tripogon chinensis	黑沙蒿、塔落岩黄耆、赖草、糙隐子草、华北白前 Artemisia ordosica, Corethrodendron lignosum var. leave, Leymus secalinus, Cleistogenes squarrosa, Vincetoxicum mongolicum

表1 毛乌素沙地沙丘不同固定阶段植被特征和土壤理化性质(平均值±标准误)

Table 1 Vegetation characteristics and soil physical-chemical properties at different dune fixation stages in Mau Us Sandy Land (mean ± SE)

植被特征与土壤指标 Vegetation characteristic and soil indicator	半固定沙丘 Semi-fixed dune stage	固定沙丘 Fixed dune stage	土壤结皮固定沙丘 Fixed dune covered with biological soil crusts	草本植物固定沙丘 Fixed dune with abundant herbaceous plant
植被覆盖度 Vegetation coverage (%)	23.29 ± 2.39^a	30.27 ± 2.32^a	46.43 ± 3.19^b	61.80 ± 2.80^c
黑沙蒿覆盖度 Coverage of Artemisia ordosica (%)	11.54 ± 1.24^a	22.11 ± 1.72^b	35.24 ± 1.37^c	38.23 ± 2.84^c
土壤有机碳含量 Soil organic carbon content (g·kg^-1)	0.55 ± 0.02^a	2.40 ± 0.23^b	0.94 ± 0.02^a	1.43 ± 0.05^a
土壤全氮含量 Soil total nitrogen content (g·kg^-1)	0.22 ± 0.01^a	0.31 ± 0.04^b	0.24 ± 0.01^ab	0.30 ± 0.01^ab
土壤全磷含量 Soil total phosphorus content (g·kg^-1)	0.05 ± 0.00^a	0.19 ± 0.02^b	0.07 ± 0.00^a	0.12 ± 0.01^a
优势物种 Dominant species	黑沙蒿、塔落岩黄耆、虫实、草木樨状黄耆、沙蓬 Artemisia ordosica, Corethrodendron lignosum var. leave, Corispermum sp., Astragalus melilotoides, Agriophyllum squarrosum	黑沙蒿、柠条锦鸡儿、草木樨状黄耆、华北白前、达乌里胡枝子 Artemisia ordosica, Caragana korshinskii, Astragalus melilotoides, Vincetoxicum mongolicum, Lespedeza davurica	黑沙蒿、塔落岩黄耆、草木樨状黄耆、华北白前、中华草沙蚕 Artemisia ordosica, Corethrodendron lignosum var. leave, Astragalus melilotoides, Vincetoxicum mongolicum, Tripogon chinensis	黑沙蒿、塔落岩黄耆、赖草、糙隐子草、华北白前 Artemisia ordosica, Corethrodendron lignosum var. leave, Leymus secalinus, Cleistogenes squarrosa, Vincetoxicum mongolicum

图2 毛乌素沙地沙丘不同固定阶段对黑沙蒿叶性状的影响(平均值±标准误)。Amax, 最大净光合速率; C:N, 叶碳氮比; LA, 叶面积; LCC, 叶碳含量; LDMC, 叶干物质含量; LNC, 叶氮含量; LPC, 叶磷含量; LT, 叶厚; LTD, 叶组织密度; N:P, 叶氮磷比; SLA, 比叶面积。CV, 变异系数。D1, 半固定沙丘阶段; D2, 固定沙丘阶段; D3, 土壤结皮固定沙丘阶段; D4, 草本植物固定沙丘阶段。

Fig. 2 Effects of different dune fixation stages on leaf traits of Artemisia ordosica in Mau Us Sandy Land (mean ± SE). Amax, maximum net photosynthetic rate; C:N, leaf carbon content to nitrogen content ratio; LA, leaf area; LCC, leaf carbon content; LDMC, leaf dry matter content; LNC, leaf nitrogen content; LPC, leaf phosphorus content; LT, leaf thickness; LTD, leaf tissue density; N:P, leaf nitrogen content to phosphorus content ratio; SLA, specific leaf area. CV, coefficient of variation. D1, semi-fixed dune stage; D2, fixed dune stage; D3, fixed dune covered with biological soil crusts; D4, fixed dune with abundant herbaceous plants.

图3 毛乌素沙地沙丘不同固定阶段黑沙蒿叶性状间相关关系。Amax, 最大净光合速率; LA, 叶面积; LDMC, 叶干物质含量; LT, 叶厚; LTD, 叶组织密度; SLA, 比叶面积。D1, 半固定沙丘阶段; D2, 固定沙丘阶段; D3, 土壤结皮固定沙丘阶段; D4, 草本植物固定沙丘阶段。

Fig. 3 Relationships between leaf traits of Artemisia ordosica at different dune fixation stages in Mau Us Sandy Land. Amax, maximum net photosynthetic rate; LA, leaf area; LDMC, leaf dry matter content; LT, leaf thickness; LTD, leaf tissue density; SLA, specific leaf area. D1, semi-fixed dune stage; D2, fixed dune stage; D3, fixed dune covered with biological soil crusts; D4, fixed dune with abundant herbaceous plants.

表2 毛乌素沙地综合各沙丘固定阶段黑沙蒿叶性状间Pearson相关系数分析

Table 2 Pearson correlation coefficients among leaf traits of Artemisia ordosica at the dune fixation stages in Mau Us Sandy Land

	LA	SLA	LT	LTD	LDMC	A_max	LCC	LNC	LPC	C:N	N:P
LA	1.00
SLA	0.22	1.00
LT	-0.10	-0.15	1.00
LTD	-0.22	-0.72^***	-0.54^***	1.00
LDMC	-0.66^***	-0.41^*	0.24	0.29	1.00
A_max	0.63^***	-0.16	-0.02	0.08	-0.35^*	1.00
LCC	-0.36^*	0.13	0.07	-0.17	0.16	-0.49^**	1.00
LNC	-0.11	0.13	-0.16	0.01	-0.15	-0.07	0.19	1.00
LPC	0.50^***	0.22	-0.10	-0.19	-0.41^*	0.17	0.01	0.28	1.00
C:N	-0.03	-0.05	0.17	-0.11	0.19	-0.17	0.43^**	-0.79^***	-0.17	1.00
N:P	-0.51^**	-0.15	-0.02	0.23	0.37^*	-0.11	-0.12	0.07	-0.91^***	-0.21	1.00

图4 毛乌素沙地沙丘不同固定阶段黑沙蒿叶性状主成分(PC)分析结果。A, 黑沙蒿主要叶性状载荷。B, 黑沙蒿叶性状对沙丘固定不同阶段的响应。Amax, 最大净光合速率; C:N, 叶碳氮比; LA, 叶面积; LCC, 叶碳含量; LDMC, 叶干物质含量; LNC, 叶氮含量; LPC, 叶磷含量; LT, 叶厚; LTD, 叶组织密度; N:P, 叶氮磷比; SLA, 比叶面积。D1, 半固定沙丘阶段; D2, 固定沙丘阶段; D3, 土壤结皮固定沙丘阶段; D4, 草本植物固定沙丘阶段。

Fig. 4 Results of principle component (PC) analysis of Artemisia ordosica leaf traits in different dune fixation stages in Mau Us Sandy Land. A, Main leaf trait load of Artemisia ordosica. B, Response of Artemisia ordosica to different stages of dune fixation. Amax, maximum net photosynthetic rate; C:N, leaf carbon content to nitrogen content ratio; LA, leaf area; LCC, leaf carbon content; LDMC, leaf dry matter content; LNC, leaf nitrogen content; LPC, leaf phosphorus content; LT, leaf thickness; LTD, leaf tissue density; N:P, leaf nitrogen content to phosphorus content ratio; SLA, specific leaf area. D1, semi-fixed dune stage; D2, fixed dune stage; D3, fixed dune covered with biological soil crusts; D4, fixed dune with abundant herbaceous plants.

表3 毛乌素沙地沙丘黑沙蒿叶性状在主成分分析中的载荷及解释方差

Table 3 Loadings and interpreted variance of leaf traits in principal component analysis in Mau Us Sandy Land

叶性状 Leaf trait	主成分1 Principal component 1	主成分2 Principal component 2	主成分3 Principal component 3
LA	0.47	0.07	0.27
SLA	0.26	-0.28	-0.32
LT	-0.07	-0.31	0.14
LTD	-0.23	0.46	0.14
LDMC	-0.44	-0.05	0.04
A_max	0.26	0.32	0.36
LCC	-0.13	-0.42	-0.27
LNC	0.09	0.23	-0.62
LPC	0.44	-0.06	-0.10
C:N	-0.12	-0.46	0.43
N:P	-0.40	0.23	-0.10
方差比例 Variance ratio	29.20%	20.03%	17.11%
累计方差比例 Cumulative variance ratio	29.20%	49.23%	66.34%

图5 毛乌素沙地沙丘不同固定阶段黑沙蒿叶性状相似性分析。D1, 半固定沙丘阶段; D2, 固定沙丘阶段; D3, 土壤结皮固定沙丘阶段; D4, 草本植物固定沙丘阶段。

Fig. 5 Analysis of leaf traits similarities of Artemisia ordosica in different dune fixation stages in Mau Us Sandy Land. D1, semi-fixed dune stage; D2, fixed dune stage; D3, fixed dune covered with biological soil crusts; D4, fixed dune with abundant herbaceous plants.

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毛乌素沙地沙丘不同固定阶段黑沙蒿叶性状特征

Leaf traits of Artemisia ordosica at different dune fixation stages in Mau Us Sandy Land

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