额尔齐斯河流域主要支流平原河谷林群落结构及特征

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2023.0125

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

新疆阿勒泰地区额尔齐斯河流域河谷林是中国杨柳科树种的种质资源库, 具有重要的遗传多样性价值。在当前气候变化背景下, 以及水电工程和放牧等人类活动干扰下, 研究其植物种类及植被类型的分布现状对于珍贵资源保护利用具有重要意义。该研究在额尔齐斯河流域布尔津河、哈巴河和别列则克河平原河谷林区, 每隔4-8 km设置典型样地, 调查了20个样地80个样方, 分析了群落建群种组成、数量特征和径级结构, 并对群落类型进行统计和划分。结果表明: (1)额尔齐斯河流域主要支流平原河谷林区共调查植物34科92属121种, 多年生草本植物数量较多。(2)垂枝桦(Betula pendula)与苦杨(Populus laurifolia)在布尔津河、哈巴河为群落建群种, 银白杨(P. alba)则是别列则克河群落建群种, 黑杨(P. nigra)、额河杨(Populus × berolinensis var. jrtyschensis)、银灰杨(P. canescens)为伴生种, 而白柳(Salix alba)主要见于河岸边缘, 较少与其他杨属树种混生。(3)垂枝桦个体数量均在3条支流中等海拔达到最大值, 而苦杨个体数量在中等海拔较小。(4)乔木层树种的径级结构受夏季打草放牧的影响较大, 以大径级个体居多, 幼树和幼苗数量较少。(5)河谷林群落可划分为6个群系34个群丛。

关键词: 河谷林, 杨柳科, 额尔齐斯河流域, 物种组成, 群落类型

Abstract:

The valley forest in the Ertix River Basin is the germplasm bank of Salicaceae species and has important genetic diversity value of Altay, Xinjiang, China. It is of great significance for the protection and utilization of precious resources to study the distribution of plant species and vegetation types under the current human activities such as climate change, hydropower project and grazing. In this study, 80 squares of 20 plots were investigated at 4-8 km intervals in the Burqin River, Haba River and Bilizik River. The constructive species, quantitative characteristics and diameter class structure of the community were analyzed, and the community types were classified. The results showed that: (1) 121 species, 92 genera and 34 families of plants were investigated in the main tributaries of the Ertix River Basin, with a large number of perennial herbaceous plants. (2) Betula pendula and Populus laurifolia were constructive species in the Burjin River and Haba River, while P. alba was constructive species in the Bilizik River. P. nigra, Populus × berolinensis var. jrtyschensis, and P. canescens are associated species, while Salix alba is mainly distributed alone along the riparian edge and rarely mixed with poplar species. (3) The number of individuals of the dominant tree species Betula pendula reached the maximum at the middle altitude of the three tributaries, while the number of individuals of Populus laurifolia was smaller at the middle altitude. (4) The diameter class structure of tree layer species was greatly affected by grazing in summer, and the individuals of large diameter class were the most, and the number of saplings and seedlings were less. (5) The valley forest communities were divided into 6 formations and 34 associations.

Key words: valley forest, Salicaceae, Ertix River Basin, species composition, community type

薛志方, 刘彤, 王立生, 宋继虎, 陈宏阳, 徐玲, 袁也. 额尔齐斯河流域主要支流平原河谷林群落结构及特征. 植物生态学报, 2024, 48(3): 390-402. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2023.0125

XUE Zhi-Fang, LIU Tong, WANG Li-Sheng, SONG Ji-Hu, CHEN Hong-Yang, XU Ling, YUAN Ye. Community structure and characteristics of plain valley forests in main tributaries of Ertix River Basin, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2024, 48(3): 390-402. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2023.0125

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https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2024/V48/I3/390

图/表 6

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河流名称 River name	水体类型 Type of water body	总长 Total length (km)	流域面积 Drainage area (km²)	距出山口长度 Distance from mountain pass (km)
布尔津河 Burqin River	一级支流 Primary tributary	269.6	9 960	42
哈巴河 Haba River	一级支流 Primary tributary	216.3	7 224	40
别列则克河 Bilizik River	一级支流 Primary tributary	155.0	1 600	54

河流名称 River name	水体类型 Type of water body	总长 Total length (km)	流域面积 Drainage area (km²)	距出山口长度 Distance from mountain pass (km)
布尔津河 Burqin River	一级支流 Primary tributary	269.6	9 960	42
哈巴河 Haba River	一级支流 Primary tributary	216.3	7 224	40
别列则克河 Bilizik River	一级支流 Primary tributary	155.0	1 600	54

类别 Category	科数 No. of families	所占比例 Proportion (%)	属数 No. of genera	所占比例 Proportion (%)	种数 No. of species	所占比例 Proportion (%)
双子叶植物 Dicotyledon	26	76.47	68	73.63	89	73.55
单子叶植物 Monocotyledon	6	17.65	22	24.18	28	23.14
裸子植物 Gymnosperm	1	2.94	1	1.10	1	0.83
蕨类植物 Pteridophyte	1	2.94	1	1.10	3	2.48
合计 Total	34	100.00	92	100.00	121	100.00

类别 Category	科数 No. of families	所占比例 Proportion (%)	属数 No. of genera	所占比例 Proportion (%)	种数 No. of species	所占比例 Proportion (%)
双子叶植物 Dicotyledon	26	76.47	68	73.63	89	73.55
单子叶植物 Monocotyledon	6	17.65	22	24.18	28	23.14
裸子植物 Gymnosperm	1	2.94	1	1.10	1	0.83
蕨类植物 Pteridophyte	1	2.94	1	1.10	3	2.48
合计 Total	34	100.00	92	100.00	121	100.00

生活型 Life form	种数 No. of species	所占比例 Proportion (%)
乔木 Tree	10	8.26
灌木 Shrub	14	11.57
一、二年生草本 Annual and biennial herb	25	20.66
多年生草本 Perennial herb	72	59.51
合计 Total	121	100.00