长期氮添加对四川盆地西缘常绿阔叶林优势树种凋落叶产量及碳氮磷归还的影响

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2024.0131

植物生态学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (5): 720-731.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0131 cstr: 32100.14.cjpe.2024.0131

长期氮添加对四川盆地西缘常绿阔叶林优势树种凋落叶产量及碳氮磷归还的影响

唐远翔, 熊仕臣, 朱洪锋, 张新生, 游成铭, 刘思凝, 谭波, 徐振锋^*()

四川农业大学林学院, 四川峨眉山森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站, 长江上游森林生态与保育四川省重点实验室, 成都 611130

收稿日期:2024-04-28 接受日期:2024-09-28 出版日期:2025-05-20 发布日期:2024-10-11
通讯作者: *徐振锋(xuzf@sicau.edu.cn)
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(U23A2051);国家自然科学基金(32071745);国家自然科学基金(42307571);国家自然科学基金(32271849);国家自然科学基金(32100076);四川省科技计划项目(2024YFNH0028);中国博士后科学基金(2022M722297)

Effects of long-term nitrogen addition on leaf litter production and carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus return of the dominant tree species in broadleaf evergreen forests on the western margin of Sichuan Basin

TANG Yuan-Xiang, XIONG Shi-Chen, ZHU Hong-Feng, ZHANG Xin-Sheng, YOU Cheng-Ming, LIU Si-Ning, TAN Bo, XU Zhen-Feng^*()

College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan Mt. Emei Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Chengdu 611130, China

Received:2024-04-28 Accepted:2024-09-28 Online:2025-05-20 Published:2024-10-11
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(U23A2051);National Natural Science Foundation of China(32071745);National Natural Science Foundation of China(42307571);National Natural Science Foundation of China(32271849);National Natural Science Foundation of China(32100076);Program of Sichuan Sci-Tech Foundation(2024YFNH0028);Chinese Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M722297)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

凋落物生产和养分归还是森林物质和养分循环的重要组成部分, 对森林土壤肥力具有重要意义。大气氮沉降已成为全球植物生产力的重要驱动因素, 而在高氮沉降区域, 长期氮添加对凋落叶生产及碳氮磷养分归还的影响效应是否会随时间而发生改变尚不明晰。为研究长期氮添加对亚热带常绿阔叶林凋落叶产量及碳氮磷归还的影响, 该研究以四川盆地西缘峨眉含笑(Michelia wilsonii)次生林为研究对象, 设置对照(0 kg·hm^-2·a^-1)、低氮添加(20 kg·hm^-2·a^-1)和高氮添加(40 kg·hm^-2·a^-1) 3个氮添加水平, 探究峨眉含笑凋落叶产量、凋落叶碳氮磷含量与归还量的年际变化(2016-2022年)及其对氮添加的长期响应。结果显示: (1)峨眉含笑凋落叶年产量、凋落叶碳氮磷年均含量和年归还量均存在显著的年际变化, 且氮添加处理未改变凋落叶年际动态特征。(2)相较于对照, 高氮添加处理显著增加了峨眉含笑凋落叶年均产量(24.9%), 氮添加处理对凋落叶产量的影响随时间的增加显著降低。(3)相较于对照, 高氮添加处理显著增加了凋落叶年均碳含量(3.4%); 高氮添加处理对凋落叶年均氮磷含量的影响在2019-2020年间出现拐点: 在2016-2019年间总体抑制凋落叶年均氮含量, 而在2019年后总体增加凋落叶年均氮含量; 在2018、2019年显著抑制凋落叶年均磷含量, 而在2020年显著增加凋落叶年均磷含量。(4)氮添加处理显著增加了凋落叶碳氮磷年归还量, 且氮添加水平越高, 促进效果越强; 凋落叶磷年归还量的氮添加效应随时间呈显著的线性下降趋势。该研究表明高氮添加显著提高了峨眉含笑林生产力, 并增加了其生态系统碳和养分输入, 而短期与长期氮输入会对峨眉含笑林生态系统氮循环进程产生不同的影响, 外源氮添加在未来可能会抑制峨眉含笑凋落叶生产及磷归还。

关键词: 氮添加, 凋落叶产量, 碳氮磷含量, 元素归还, 年际动态, 峨眉含笑

Abstract:

Aims The objective of this study was to explore the effects of long-term nitrogen (N) addition on leaf litter production and nutrient return of the dominant tree species in broadleaf evergreen forests of subtropical regions.

Methods A long-term N addition manipulation experiment with three levels (0 kg·hm^-2·a^-1, CK; 20 kg·hm^-2·a^-1, LN; and 40 kg·hm^-2·a^-1, HN) was conducted to examine the effects of N addition on leaf litter production, contents of leaf litter carbon (C), N, and phosphorus (P), as well as their return in the Michelia wilsonii forests located on the western margin of the Sichuan Basin.

Important findings (1) Significant inter-annual variations were observed in the production of M. wilsonii leaf litter, as well as in the mean contents of litter C, N, and P and their annual return, but N addition did not affect these inter-annual dynamics. (2) The HN treatment significantly increased the annual leaf litter production of M. wilsonii by 24.9%. Additionally, the effect of N addition on the average annual litter production decreased as the duration of N addition increased. (3) The HN treatment resulted in a significant increase in the mean content of C of M. wilsonii leaf litter by 3.4%. The effects of HN treatment on leaf litter N and P contents exhibited a turning point during 2019-2020. Specifically, the annual mean N content decreased from 2016 to 2019, but then experienced a significant increase after 2019. In contrast, the annual mean P content decreased from 2018 to 2019, but then experienced a significant increase in 2020. (4) N addition significantly increased the annual return of C, N, and P in leaf litter, with higher effect as the level of N addition increased. However, the effect of N addition on the annual P return showed a significant linear decline over the study period. These findings highlight that high N additions significantly promoted the productivity of M. wilsonii forests and increased carbon and nutrient inputs within the ecosystem. Distinct effects of short-term versus long-term N inputs on the N cycling processes of M. wilsonii forest ecosystems were observed. Additionally, the future exogenous N addition may potentially inhibit the leaf litter yield and P return of M. wilsonii.

Key words: nitrogen addition, leaf litter yield, carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus content, element return, inter-annual dynamics, Michelia wilsonii

唐远翔, 熊仕臣, 朱洪锋, 张新生, 游成铭, 刘思凝, 谭波, 徐振锋. 长期氮添加对四川盆地西缘常绿阔叶林优势树种凋落叶产量及碳氮磷归还的影响. 植物生态学报, 2025, 49(5): 720-731. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0131

TANG Yuan-Xiang, XIONG Shi-Chen, ZHU Hong-Feng, ZHANG Xin-Sheng, YOU Cheng-Ming, LIU Si-Ning, TAN Bo, XU Zhen-Feng. Effects of long-term nitrogen addition on leaf litter production and carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus return of the dominant tree species in broadleaf evergreen forests on the western margin of Sichuan Basin. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2025, 49(5): 720-731. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0131

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2024.0131

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2025/V49/I5/720

图/表 5

图1 2016-2022年间四川盆地西缘常绿阔叶林气温与降水量的月动态和年动态。

Fig. 1 Monthly and annual dynamics of air temperature and precipitation in broadleaf evergreen forests on the western margin of Sichuan Basin from 2016 to 2022.

图2 不同氮添加处理下峨眉含笑凋落叶产量年动态变化(平均值±标准误)。N addition, 氮添加处理; Time, 时间。主图中不同大写字母表示不同年份间凋落叶产量差异显著; 小图中不同大写字母表示不同氮添加处理下凋落叶年产量均值差异显著(p < 0.05)。CK, 对照; HN, 高氮添加处理; LN, 低氮添加处理。

Fig. 2 Annual dynamics of the leaf litter production of Michelia wilsonii under different nitrogen additions (mean ± SE). N addition, nitrogen addition treatment; Time, time effect. Different uppercase letters in the main figure indicate significant differences among years; different uppercase letters in the subplot indicate significant differences among nitrogen addition treatments (p < 0.05). CK, control; HN, high nitrogen addition treatment; LN, low nitrogen addition treatment.

图3 不同氮添加处理对峨眉含笑凋落叶年产量的影响随时间的变化。星号表示线性拟合方程显著(p < 0.05)。阴影区域表示回归曲线的95%置信区间。HN, 高氮添加处理; LN, 低氮添加处理。Slope, 斜率。

Fig. 3 Temporal variations of the effects of different nitrogen (N) addition treatments on the interannual leaf litter production of Michelia wilsonii. An asterisk indicates a significant linear fitted equation (p < 0.05). The shaded areas represent the 95% confidence interval for the regression curve. HN, high nitrogen addition treatment; LN, low nitrogen addition treatment.

图4 不同氮添加处理下峨眉含笑凋落叶碳氮磷含量及归还量的年际动态变化(平均值±标准误)。N addition, 氮添加处理; Time, 时间。主图中不同大写字母表示年份间主效应差异有统计学意义或同一氮添加处理下的不同年份间有显著差异(p < 0.05), 不同小写字母表示相同年份的不同氮添加处理间有显著差异(p < 0.05); 小图中不同大写字母表示不同氮添加处理下凋落叶碳氮磷年均含量均值及归还量均值差异显著(p < 0.05)。CK, 对照; HN, 高氮添加处理; LN, 低氮添加处理。

Fig. 4 Annual dynamics of carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) contents and return amount of the leaf litter of Michelia wilsonii under different nitrogen additions (mean ± SE). N addition, nitrogen addition treatment; Time, time effect. Different uppercase letters in the main figure indicate significant differences in the main effect among years or among years under the same nitrogen addition treatment (p < 0.05), while different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among nitrogen addition treatments in the same year (p < 0.05); different uppercase letters in the subplot indicate significant differences in the mean annual C, N and P content and mean restitution of leaf litter under different N addition treatments (p < 0.05). CK, control; HN, high nitrogen addition treatment; LN, low N addition treatment.

图5 不同氮添加处理对峨眉含笑年际凋落叶元素年均含量及归还量随时间变化的影响。星号表示线性拟合方程显著(p < 0.05), ns表示线性拟合方程不显著(p > 0.05)。阴影区域表示回归曲线的95%置信区间。A, 凋落叶年均碳含量。B, 凋落叶年均氮含量。C, 凋落叶年均磷含量。D, 凋落叶碳年归还量。E, 凋落叶氮年归还量。F, 凋落叶磷年归还量。HN, 高氮添加处理; LN, 低氮添加处理。Slope, 斜率。

Fig. 5 Effects of different nitrogen (N) addition treatments on annual average element contents and return amount in leaf litter of Michelia wilsonii with time. The asterisk indicates a significant linear fitted equation (p < 0.05), and ns indicates a insignificant linear fitted equation (p > 0.05). The shaded areas represent the 95% confidence interval for the regression curve. A, Annual carbon content of leaf litter. B, Annual N content of leaf litter. C, Annual phosphorus content of leaf litter. D, Annual carbon return amount of leaf litter. E, Annual N return amount of leaf litter. F, Annual phosphorus return amount of leaf litter. HN, high N treatment; LN, low N treatment.

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长期氮添加对四川盆地西缘常绿阔叶林优势树种凋落叶产量及碳氮磷归还的影响

Effects of long-term nitrogen addition on leaf litter production and carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus return of the dominant tree species in broadleaf evergreen forests on the western margin of Sichuan Basin

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