降水调控农牧交错带盐渍化草地净初级生产力对氮添加及刈割的响应

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2024.0030

植物生态学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (5): 710-719.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0030 cstr: 32100.14.cjpe.2024.0030

降水调控农牧交错带盐渍化草地净初级生产力对氮添加及刈割的响应

郝杰¹^,³^,⁴, 刁华杰²^,³^,⁴, 苏原²^,³^,⁴, 武帅楷²^,³^,⁴, 高阳阳²^,³^,⁴, 梁雯君²^,³^,⁴, 牛慧敏²^,³^,⁴, 杨倩雯²^,³^,⁴, 常婕²^,³^,⁴, 王袼²^,³^,⁴, 许雯丽²^,³^,⁴, 马腾飞²^,³^,⁴, 董宽虎²^,³^,⁴^,^*(), $\boxed{\hbox{王常慧}}$²^,³^,⁴^,^*

¹山西农业大学林学院, 山西太谷 030801
²山西农业大学草业学院, 山西太谷 030801
³草地生态保护与乡土草种质创新山西省重点实验室, 山西太谷030801
⁴山西右玉黄土高原草地生态系统国家定位观测研究站, 山西右玉 037200

收稿日期:2024-01-28 接受日期:2024-12-10 出版日期:2025-05-20 发布日期:2025-04-14
通讯作者: *董宽虎(dongkuanhu@sxau.edu.cn)
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(U22A20576);山西省科技厅平台专项(202104010910017)

Precipitation regulates the response of salinized grassland net primary productivity to nitrogen addition and mowing in the agro-pastoral zone

HAO Jie¹^,³^,⁴, DIAO Hua-Jie²^,³^,⁴, SU Yuan²^,³^,⁴, WU Shuai-Kai²^,³^,⁴, GAO Yang-Yang²^,³^,⁴, LIANG Wen-Jun²^,³^,⁴, NIU Hui-Min²^,³^,⁴, YANG Qian-Wen²^,³^,⁴, CHANG Jie²^,³^,⁴, WANG Ge²^,³^,⁴, XU Wen-Li²^,³^,⁴, MA Teng-Fei²^,³^,⁴, DONG Kuan-Hu²^,³^,⁴^,^*(), $\boxed{\hbox{WANG Chang-Hui}}$ ²^,³^,⁴^,^*

¹College of Forestry, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
²College of Grassland Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
³Shanxi Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecological Protection and Native Grass Germplasm Innovation, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
⁴Youyu Loess Plateau Grassland Ecosystem National Research Station, Youyu, Shanxi 037200, China

Received:2024-01-28 Accepted:2024-12-10 Online:2025-05-20 Published:2025-04-14
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(U22A20576);Platform Special Project of Shanxi Provincial Department of Science and Technology(202104010910017)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在养分受限的农牧交错带盐渍化草地, 农业施肥诱导的氮输入增加和土地利用方式的改变通常会使土壤可利用养分发生变化, 进而影响植物净初级生产力。然而, 受年降水量的影响, 植物净初级生产力对氮添加与刈割的响应是否随降水量的改变而变化, 仍存在很大的不确定性。因此, 该研究以中国北方农牧交错带盐渍化草地为研究对象, 依托山西右玉黄土高原草地生态系统国家定位观测研究站的氮形态与刈割试验平台, 设置了包括对照和模拟氮沉降实验中常用的两种氮化合物(硝酸铵和尿素), 并与刈割和未刈割进行交叉处理, 共6个处理, 研究植物净初级生产力对氮添加与刈割的响应。研究结果表明: (1)无论在刈割还是非刈割处理下, 短期硝酸铵和尿素添加均显著提高土壤中无机氮含量, 进而提高植物地上(ANPP)、地下(BNPP)及总净初级生产力(NPP); (2) ANPP、BNPP、NPP、无机氮含量及土壤含水量表现出明显的年际差异, 具体表现为在湿润年(2018)显著高于干旱年(2017); (3)短期氮添加与年份的交互作用对NPP有显著影响。在湿润年, 氮添加对NPP的正效应显著高于干旱年, 这主要与土壤氮水的协同效应有关; (4)刈割降低了NPP, 且与年份的交互作用对BNPP:ANPP有显著影响; 在干旱年, 刈割整体降低了BNPP:ANPP, 然而, 在湿润年, 这种负效应逐渐减弱, 甚至转变为正效应。这些结果强调了自然降水量在调控农牧交错带盐渍化草地净初级生产力对人为干扰的响应中发挥着至关重要的作用, 也进一步说明农牧交错带盐渍化草地生态系统受氮和水的共同限制。

关键词: 农牧交错带, 盐渍化, 降水, 刈割, 氮添加, 净初级生产力

Abstract:

Aims In the salinized grassland of the agro-pastoral ecotone with limited nutrients, the increase of nitrogen input induced by agricultural fertilization and the change of land use patterns usually causes changes in soil available nutrients, which could further affect the net primary productivity of plants. However, due to the impact of annual precipitation, it is still uncertainty about whether the response of net primary productivity of plants to nitrogen addition and mowing varies with changes in rainfall.

Methods This study investigated plant net primary productivity under nitrogen addition and mowing at salinized grassland in the agro-pastoral ecotone of northern China, based on the experimental platform for nitrogen forms and mowing at the National Research Station of Grassland Ecosystems on the Loess Plateau in Youyu, Shanxi Province. There were six treatments including control and simulated nitrogen deposition experiments with two common nitrogen compounds (ammonium nitrate and urea), combined with and without mowing.

Important findings The results showed that: (1) Regardless of mowing or un-mowing treatments, short-term addition of ammonium nitrate and urea significantly increased the content of inorganic nitrogen in the soil, thereby increasing the aboveground (ANPP), belowground (BNPP), and total net primary productivity (NPP); (2) ANPP, BNPP, NPP, inorganic nitrogen content, and soil water content showed significant interannual differences, with higher values observed in the wet year (2018) than in the dry year (2017); (3) The interaction between short-term nitrogen addition and year had a significant impact on NPP. In the wet year, the positive effect of nitrogen addition on NPP was significantly higher than that in the dry year, which was mainly related to the synergistic effect of soil nitrogen and water; (4) Mowing decreased NPP and had a significant interactive effect with the year on the BNPP:ANPP. In the dry year, mowing generally decreased BNPP:ANPP. However, in the wet year, this negative effect gradually weakened and even turned into a positive effect. These results highlighted the crucial role of natural precipitation in regulating the response of net primary productivity of salinized grassland in the agro-pastoral ecotone to anthropogenic disturbances, and further indicated that the salinized grassland ecosystem in the agro-pastoral ecotone is jointly limited by nitrogen and water.

Key words: agro-pastoral ecotone, salinized, precipitation, mowing, nitrogen addition, net primary productivity

郝杰, 刁华杰, 苏原, 武帅楷, 高阳阳, 梁雯君, 牛慧敏, 杨倩雯, 常婕, 王袼, 许雯丽, 马腾飞, 董宽虎, $\boxed{\hbox{王常慧}}$. 降水调控农牧交错带盐渍化草地净初级生产力对氮添加及刈割的响应. 植物生态学报, 2025, 49(5): 710-719. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0030

HAO Jie, DIAO Hua-Jie, SU Yuan, WU Shuai-Kai, GAO Yang-Yang, LIANG Wen-Jun, NIU Hui-Min, YANG Qian-Wen, CHANG Jie, WANG Ge, XU Wen-Li, MA Teng-Fei, DONG Kuan-Hu, $\boxed{\hbox{WANG Chang-Hui}}$. Precipitation regulates the response of salinized grassland net primary productivity to nitrogen addition and mowing in the agro-pastoral zone. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2025, 49(5): 710-719. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0030

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2024.0030

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2025/V49/I5/710

图/表 7

图1 2017-2018年生长季(5-9月)盐渍化草地日平均气温(A)和累积降水量(B)。

Fig. 1 Daily average air temperature (A) and accumulated precipitation (B) in the growing season (May-September) of salinized grassland at 2017 and 2018.

表1 氮添加及刈割对农牧交错带土壤无机氮含量与含水量影响的重复测量方差分析结果

Table 1 Repeated analysis of variance of the effects of nitrogen addition and mowing on soil inorganic nitrogen (IN) content and soil water content (SM) in agro-pastoral ecotone

影响因子 Effecting factor	无机氮含量 IN content		土壤含水量 SM
影响因子 Effecting factor	F	p	F	p
截距 Intercept	467.78	<0.01	189.17	<0.01
氮添加 Nitrogen addition (N)	3.57^*	<0.05	0.85	0.43
刈割 Mowing (M)	0.04	0.83	0.57	0.45
年 Year (Y)	251.19^**	<0.01	37.91^**	<0.01
N × M	0.01	0.98	0.30	0.73
N × Y	2.84^#	0.06	0.24	0.78
M × Y	0.75	0.38	7.12^*	<0.05
N × M × Y	0.00	0.99	0.00	0.99

图2 氮添加(N)及刈割(M)对农牧交错带土壤无机氮含量(A)、土壤含水量(C)及年均值(B、D)的影响。AN+M, 添加硝酸铵+刈割处理; AN+UM, 添加硝酸铵+不刈割处理; CK+M, 对照+刈割处理; CK+UM, 对照+不刈割处理; UN+M, 添加尿素+刈割处理; UN+UM, 添加尿素+不刈割处理。不同小写字母分别代表刈割与不刈割条件下不同氮添加处理之间差异显著(p < 0.05), 不同大写字母分别代表各处理下年际之间差异显著(p < 0.05)。线性混合效应模型的结果(F值)如图所示, *和ns分别代表差异显著(p < 0.05)和无显著差异(p > 0.1)。

Fig. 2 Effects of nitrogen addition (N) and mowing (M) on soil inorganic nitrogen (IN, A) content, soil water content (SM, C) and inter-annual average values (B, D) in agro-pastoral ecotone. AN+M, NH4NO3 + mowing; AN+UM, NH4NO3 + un-mowing; CK+M, control + mowing; CK+UM, control + un-mowing; UN+M, urea + mowing; UN+UM, urea + un-mowing. Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference in indicators among different N treatments at p < 0.05 under the un-mowing and the mowing treatment, and different uppercase letters represent significant differences between years among different treatments (p < 0.05). Results (F values) of linear mixed-effects models are shown in figure and indicated by * when p < 0.05, and ns when not statistically significant (p > 0.1).

表2 氮添加及刈割对农牧交错带地上(ANPP)、地下(BNPP)、总初级生产力(NPP)与BNPP:ANPP影响的重复测量方差分析结果

Table 2 Repeated analysis of variance of the effects of nitrogen addition and mowing on aboveground (ANPP), belowground (BNPP), total net primary productivity (NPP) and BNPP:ANPP in agro-pastoral ecotone

影响因子 Effecting factor	地上净初级生产力 ANPP		地下净初级生产力 BNPP		总初级生产力 NPP		地下:地上净初级生产力 BNPP:ANPP
影响因子 Effecting factor	F	p	F	p	F	p	F	p
截距 Intercept	234.28	<0.01	156.63	<0.01	230.27	<0.01	149.60	<0.01
氮添加 Nitrogen addition (N)	14.81^**	<0.01	4.08^*	<0.05	10.56^**	<0.01	1.86	0.16
刈割 Mowing (M)	0.93	0.33	2.75	0.10	4.09^*	<0.05	0.91	0.34
年 Year (Y)	11.33^**	<0.01	4.21^*	<0.05	11.06^**	<0.01	0.00	0.92
N × M	0.22	0.80	1.04	0.35	1.14	0.32	1.20	0.30
N × Y	3.80^*	<0.05	0.86	0.42	2.77^#	0.07	0.14	0.86
M × Y	0.50	0.48	1.39	0.24	0.82	0.36	3.13^#	0.08
N × M × Y	0.01	0.98	0.09	0.90	0.07	0.93	0.67	0.51

图3 氮添加(N)及刈割(M)对农牧交错带植物地上(A)、地下(C)、总净初级生产力(E)、地下:地上净初级生产力(G)及年际均值(B、D、F、H)的影响。AN+M, 添加硝酸铵+刈割处理; AN+UM, 添加硝酸铵+不刈割处理; CK+M, 对照+刈割处理; CK+UM, 对照+不刈割处理; UN+M, 添加尿素+刈割处理; UN+UM, 添加尿素+不刈割处理。不同小写字母分别代表刈割与不刈割条件下不同氮添加处理之间差异显著(p < 0.05), 不同大写字母分别代表各处理下年际之间差异显著(p < 0.05)。线性混合效应模型的结果(F值)如图所示, **、*、#和ns分别代表p < 0.01、0.01 ≤ p < 0.05、0.05 ≤ p < 0.1和无显著差异(p > 0.1)。

Fig. 3 Effects of nitrogen addition (N) and mowing (M) on the aboveground (ANPP, A), belowground (BNPP, C), and total net primary productivity (NPP, E), as well as the belowground/aboveground net primary productivity ratio (G), and the inter-annual means (B, D, F, H). AN+M, NH4NO3 + mowing; AN+UM, NH4NO3 + un-mowing; CK+M, control + mowing; CK+UM, control + un-mowing; UN + M, urea + mowing; UN+UM, urea + un-mowing. Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference in indicators among different nitrogen treatments at p < 0.05 under the un-mowing and the mowing treatment, and different uppercase letters represent significant differences between years among different treatments (p < 0.05). Results (F values) of linear mixed-effects models are shown in figure and indicated by ** when p < 0.01, * when 0.01 ≤ p < 0.05, # when 0.05 ≤ p < 0.10, and ns when p > 0.10.

图4 2017、2018年刈割与不刈割处理下农牧交错带盐渍化草地植物总初级生产力与土壤无机氮含量(A)、土壤含水量(B)、土壤温度(C)的关系, 及土壤无机氮含量与土壤含水量的关系(D)。不同颜色的方块代表不同形态氮添加处理。实线与虚线分别代表不刈割与刈割处理; 阴影代表95%的置信区间。AN+M, 添加硝酸铵+刈割处理; AN+UM, 添加硝酸铵+不刈割处理; CK+M, 对照+刈割处理; CK+UM, 对照+不刈割处理; UN+M, 添加尿素+刈割处理; UN+UM, 添加尿素+不刈割处理。

Fig. 4 Relationship between total net primary productivity and soil inorganic nitrogen content (A), soil water content (B), soil temperature (C), and the relationship between soil inorganic nitrogen content and soil water content (D) under mowing and un-mowing treatment measured in 2017 and 2018 in the salinized grasslands of the agro-pastoral ecotone. Different colored squares represent different forms of nitrogen addition treatments. Solid lines and dotted lines represent un-mowing and mowing treatments, respectively. Shadow parts represent 95% confidence intervals. AN+M, NH4NO3 + mowing; AN+UM, NH4NO3 + un-mowing; CK+M, control + mowing; CK+UM, control + un-mowing; UN+M, urea + mowing; UN+UM, urea + un-mowing.

图5 农牧交错带盐渍化草地在土壤无机氮含量、土壤含水量控制因素下, 整个采样日期的植物净初级生产力(NPP)的变化。

Fig. 5 Variability of total net primary productivity (NPP) across the sampling dates in the context of soil inorganic nitrogen content, and soil water content in the salinized grasslands of the agro-pastoral ecotone.

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降水调控农牧交错带盐渍化草地净初级生产力对氮添加及刈割的响应

Precipitation regulates the response of salinized grassland net primary productivity to nitrogen addition and mowing in the agro-pastoral zone

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