Chin J Plant Ecol ›› 2006, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (6): 1040-1053.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2006.0133
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Received:
2005-11-30
Accepted:
2006-06-01
Online:
2006-11-30
Published:
2006-11-30
Contact:
NI Jian
WANG Juan, NI Jian. REVIEW OF MODELLING THE DISTRIBUTION OF PLANT SPECIES[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2006, 30(6): 1040-1053.
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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.17521/cjpe.2006.0133
模型 Model | 物种数据 Species data | 环境数据 Environment data | 优缺点 Advantages and disadvantages | 适用范围 Applied range |
---|---|---|---|---|
生物气候 分室模型 BEM | 存在 Presence | 连续 Continued | 优点:原理较为简单,易用性强 Advantages:Simple principle and easy to be used 缺点:忽略了气候变量之间的可能相互作用;气候变量的作用等同;对局外物敏感;模型参数单一 Disadvantages:Ignore possible interactions between climatic variables;Equal function between climatic variables;Sensitive to outliers;Single parameter | 植物/动物 Plants/animals |
广义线性 模型 GLM | 存在/不存在 Presence/absence | 连续/或离 散,分类 Continued or scattered,classified | 优点:不需要因变量服从正态分布,因变量可以为任何指数型分布;预测能力强 Advantages:Dependent variable can be any exponential distribution besides normal distribution;Great predicting ability 缺点:模型参数决定模型,较为刻板;要选择环境变量适合的多项式和估计回归参数,既麻烦又不精确;不能处理复杂的响应关系 Disadvantages:Parameter decides model stiffly;Choosing proper multinomial and regression parameter for variables makes trouble and inexactness;Unable to deal with complicated responses | 适于预测多样本的单个植物/动物的空间分布Predict distribution of multi-sampled single plant/animal |
广义加性 模型 GAM | 存在/不存在 Presence/absence | 连续/或离 散,分类 Continued or scattered,classified | 优点:数据中的非线性关系易被发现;数据决定模型,比GLM更灵活;自动选择合适多项式,不需估计回归参数 Advantages:Nonlinearity in data easily to be found;Data decides model,more flexible than GLM;Automatically choose proper multinomial,no need to estimate regression parameter 缺点:样本数较少时,模拟结果可信度低;模型易受不能定量为环境变量的影响因素(如干扰)的影响 Disadvantages:Low reliability of modeling results if less samples;Easy affected by factors can't quantified as environment variable like disturbance | 适于预测多样本的单个植物/动物的空间分布 Predict distribution of multi-sampled single plant/animal |
分类回归 树分析 CART | 存在/不存在 Presence/ absence | 连续/或离 散,分类 Continued or scattered,classified | 优点:擅于捕捉非加性行为;数字变量和分类变量可以简单地同时使用和说明;模型初始就用大尺度变量分离标准;不易受少数异常数据影响;强大的统计解析功能;二叉决策树形式的预测准则更准确,且易于理解与使用 Advantages:Adept at capturing nonadditive behavior;Numerical and categorical variables can easily be used together and interpreted;Variables that operate at large scales are used for splitting criteria early in the model;Not easily affected by abnormal data;Powerful statistic analysis function;"Binary decision tree" is easy to be understood and used 缺点:在选取复杂度参数和最优CART的判断上有缺陷;如果构建的树的大小不合适,则真误差率较大 Disadvantages:Limitation in complexity parametesr choosing and optimizing CART estimation;Great true error possibility if unproper built tree size | 适于研究植物/或动物间的等级相互作用 Research on hierachical interactions between plant/animal |
人工神经 网络 ANN | 存在/不存在 Presence/ absence | 连续/或离 散,分类 Continued or scattered,classified | 优点:很好地处理非正态统计分布和决定对环境变量非线性响应的环境分室;无需建立数学模型;极强的非线性映射能力和高速寻找优化解的能力;适应性和容错性强;具有自学习功能和联想存储功能 Advantages:Well deal with non-normal statistical distribution and determine environmental envelopes that have non-linear responses to environmental variables;No need to build mathematical model;Great nonlinear mapping power and getting optimum solution power;Powerful adaptability and fault tolerance;Self-study and memory function 缺点:难以确定网络结构中的因果关系和主要输出变量 Disadvantages: Difficult to identify causal relationships and dominant input variables from the network structure | 植物/动物Plants/animals |
气候响应 面模型 CRSM | 优点:预测准确度高 Advantages:Exact prediction 缺点:模型映射时间长,不确定性大;取样精度低;混淆基础和实际生态位;忽略地形和小气候的影响 Disadvantages:Long model mapping time,great uncertainty;Low sampling precision;Confusion between fundamental and realized niche;Ignore effect of topography and microclimate | 植物/动物Plants/animals | ||
生态位模 型ENM | 存在 Presence | 连续 Continued | 优点:综合考虑了生态位宽度、生境有效性、散播和种间竞争因子,模拟更真实 Advantages:Considering niche width,habitat availability,dispersal and interspecific competition which makes modelling more veracious 缺点:难以严格确定野外生境有效性;在测量的生态位维数内,不易定量物种特征参数对时空变异的响应 Disadvantages:Difficult to strictly identify field niche availability and quantify species characteristic parameter responses to space-time variation | 植物/动物Plants/animals |
Table 1 Comparison between several statistical models
模型 Model | 物种数据 Species data | 环境数据 Environment data | 优缺点 Advantages and disadvantages | 适用范围 Applied range |
---|---|---|---|---|
生物气候 分室模型 BEM | 存在 Presence | 连续 Continued | 优点:原理较为简单,易用性强 Advantages:Simple principle and easy to be used 缺点:忽略了气候变量之间的可能相互作用;气候变量的作用等同;对局外物敏感;模型参数单一 Disadvantages:Ignore possible interactions between climatic variables;Equal function between climatic variables;Sensitive to outliers;Single parameter | 植物/动物 Plants/animals |
广义线性 模型 GLM | 存在/不存在 Presence/absence | 连续/或离 散,分类 Continued or scattered,classified | 优点:不需要因变量服从正态分布,因变量可以为任何指数型分布;预测能力强 Advantages:Dependent variable can be any exponential distribution besides normal distribution;Great predicting ability 缺点:模型参数决定模型,较为刻板;要选择环境变量适合的多项式和估计回归参数,既麻烦又不精确;不能处理复杂的响应关系 Disadvantages:Parameter decides model stiffly;Choosing proper multinomial and regression parameter for variables makes trouble and inexactness;Unable to deal with complicated responses | 适于预测多样本的单个植物/动物的空间分布Predict distribution of multi-sampled single plant/animal |
广义加性 模型 GAM | 存在/不存在 Presence/absence | 连续/或离 散,分类 Continued or scattered,classified | 优点:数据中的非线性关系易被发现;数据决定模型,比GLM更灵活;自动选择合适多项式,不需估计回归参数 Advantages:Nonlinearity in data easily to be found;Data decides model,more flexible than GLM;Automatically choose proper multinomial,no need to estimate regression parameter 缺点:样本数较少时,模拟结果可信度低;模型易受不能定量为环境变量的影响因素(如干扰)的影响 Disadvantages:Low reliability of modeling results if less samples;Easy affected by factors can't quantified as environment variable like disturbance | 适于预测多样本的单个植物/动物的空间分布 Predict distribution of multi-sampled single plant/animal |
分类回归 树分析 CART | 存在/不存在 Presence/ absence | 连续/或离 散,分类 Continued or scattered,classified | 优点:擅于捕捉非加性行为;数字变量和分类变量可以简单地同时使用和说明;模型初始就用大尺度变量分离标准;不易受少数异常数据影响;强大的统计解析功能;二叉决策树形式的预测准则更准确,且易于理解与使用 Advantages:Adept at capturing nonadditive behavior;Numerical and categorical variables can easily be used together and interpreted;Variables that operate at large scales are used for splitting criteria early in the model;Not easily affected by abnormal data;Powerful statistic analysis function;"Binary decision tree" is easy to be understood and used 缺点:在选取复杂度参数和最优CART的判断上有缺陷;如果构建的树的大小不合适,则真误差率较大 Disadvantages:Limitation in complexity parametesr choosing and optimizing CART estimation;Great true error possibility if unproper built tree size | 适于研究植物/或动物间的等级相互作用 Research on hierachical interactions between plant/animal |
人工神经 网络 ANN | 存在/不存在 Presence/ absence | 连续/或离 散,分类 Continued or scattered,classified | 优点:很好地处理非正态统计分布和决定对环境变量非线性响应的环境分室;无需建立数学模型;极强的非线性映射能力和高速寻找优化解的能力;适应性和容错性强;具有自学习功能和联想存储功能 Advantages:Well deal with non-normal statistical distribution and determine environmental envelopes that have non-linear responses to environmental variables;No need to build mathematical model;Great nonlinear mapping power and getting optimum solution power;Powerful adaptability and fault tolerance;Self-study and memory function 缺点:难以确定网络结构中的因果关系和主要输出变量 Disadvantages: Difficult to identify causal relationships and dominant input variables from the network structure | 植物/动物Plants/animals |
气候响应 面模型 CRSM | 优点:预测准确度高 Advantages:Exact prediction 缺点:模型映射时间长,不确定性大;取样精度低;混淆基础和实际生态位;忽略地形和小气候的影响 Disadvantages:Long model mapping time,great uncertainty;Low sampling precision;Confusion between fundamental and realized niche;Ignore effect of topography and microclimate | 植物/动物Plants/animals | ||
生态位模 型ENM | 存在 Presence | 连续 Continued | 优点:综合考虑了生态位宽度、生境有效性、散播和种间竞争因子,模拟更真实 Advantages:Considering niche width,habitat availability,dispersal and interspecific competition which makes modelling more veracious 缺点:难以严格确定野外生境有效性;在测量的生态位维数内,不易定量物种特征参数对时空变异的响应 Disadvantages:Difficult to strictly identify field niche availability and quantify species characteristic parameter responses to space-time variation | 植物/动物Plants/animals |
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