Biomass carbon density and carbon sequestration capacity in seven typical forest types of the Xiaoxing’an Mountains, China

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2015.0014

Abstract

Abstract: Aims

Forests are the world’s largest carbon (C) pool and sink among the terrestrial ecosystems. The amount of C in vegetation plays an important role in the global C cycle and balance. Our objectives were to assess C density and sequestration capacity in seven typical forest types of the Xiaoxing’an Mountains, Heilongjiang Province, China and to understand the implication of the C sink to the regional C budget and future forest C management.

Methods

Field surveys were combined with laboratory analysis and allometric equations for obtaining data for a variety of variables. Seven typical forest types in the Xiaoxing’an Mountains were studied based on age groups and plant functional groups (trees, shrubs, herbaceous and litter), including Pinus koraiensis, Larix gmelinii, Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, Picea-Abies, Betula platyphylla, Quercus mongolica, and Populus davidiana forests. Surveys were made on C density and annual carbon gains in trees, understory shrubs, herbaceous plants and litter for each forest type. The forest stands were classified into age groups for estimating the biomass and C density of the study area.

Important findings

The C density of the seven forest types in different age groups varied widely. The C density per unit area for young, middle-aged, near mature and mature forests of each forest type were as follows: 31.4, 74.7, 118.4 and 130.2 t·hm^-2 in Pinus koraiensis; 28.9, 44.3, 74.2 and 113.3 t·hm^-2 in L. gmelinii; 22.8, 52.0, 71.1 and 92.6 t·hm^-2 in Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica; 23.1, 44.1, 77.6 and 130.3 t·hm^-2 in Picea-Abies; 18.8, 35.3, 66.6 and 88.5 t·hm^-2 in B. platyphylla; 25.0, 20.0, 47.4 and 68.9 t·hm^-2 in Q. mongolica; and 19.8, 28.7, 43.7 and 76.6 t·hm^-2 in Populus davidiana forests, respectively. These results show that biomass C stocks in the Xiao- xing’an Mountains play an important role in the C cycle and regional C balance. Different forest types and stands of different age groups varied greatly in C stocks. Because most growth in the seven forest types occurs in the young and middle-aged forest stands, these age groups are considered to have a great potential to increase the biomass C density. This significant C sink will be further enhanced in the Xiaoxing’an Mountains with the development and restoration designed to provide specific ecological services including C sequestration.

Key words: forest stand biomass, carbon density, carbon sequestration capacity, annual carbon sequestration, carbon sink management path, Xiaoxing’an Mountains

HU Hai-Qing,LUO Bi-Zhen,WEI Shu-Jing,WEI Shu-Wei,SUN Long,LUO Si-Sheng,MA Hong-Bin. Biomass carbon density and carbon sequestration capacity in seven typical forest types of the Xiaoxing’an Mountains, China[J]. Chin J Plan Ecolo, 2015, 39(2): 140-158.

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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.17521/cjpe.2015.0014

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Figures/Tables 7

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林型 Forest type	龄组划分 Age group
林型 Forest type	幼龄林 Young forest (a)	中龄林 Middle forest (a)	近熟林 Premature forest (a)	成熟林 Mature forest (a)
红松林 Pinus koraiensis forest	≤60	61-100	101-120	120-160
兴安落叶松林 Larix gmelinii forest	≤40	41-80	81-100	101-140
樟子松林 Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica forest	≤40	41-80	81-100	101-140
云冷杉林 Picea-Abies forest	≤60	61-100	101-120	120-160
白桦林 Betula platyphylla forest	≤30	31-50	51-60	61-80
蒙古栎林 Quercus mongolica forest	≤40	41-60	61-80	81-120
山杨林 Populus davidiana forest	≤10	11-15	16-20	21-30

林型 Forest type	龄组划分 Age group
林型 Forest type	幼龄林 Young forest (a)	中龄林 Middle forest (a)	近熟林 Premature forest (a)	成熟林 Mature forest (a)
红松林 Pinus koraiensis forest	≤60	61-100	101-120	120-160
兴安落叶松林 Larix gmelinii forest	≤40	41-80	81-100	101-140
樟子松林 Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica forest	≤40	41-80	81-100	101-140
云冷杉林 Picea-Abies forest	≤60	61-100	101-120	120-160
白桦林 Betula platyphylla forest	≤30	31-50	51-60	61-80
蒙古栎林 Quercus mongolica forest	≤40	41-60	61-80	81-120
山杨林 Populus davidiana forest	≤10	11-15	16-20	21-30

林型 Forest type	组分 Component	a	b	决定系数 Coefficient of determination (R²)	样本数 No. of samples (N)
红松林 Pinus koraiensis forest	干 Trunk	0.046 65	0.902 37	0.97	30
	枝 Branch	0.031 23	0.612 48	0.99	30
	叶 Leaf	0.012 35	0.643 47	0.95	30
	皮 Bark	0.029 57	0.564 89	0.90	30
	根 Root	0.009 25	0.739 65	0.96	30
兴安落叶松林 Larix gmelinii forest	干 Trunk	0.013 02	1.021 54	0.99	30
	枝 Branch	0.001 29	1.039 98	0.92	30
	叶 Leaf	0.011 12	0.637 45	0.95	30
	皮 Bark	0.031 27	0.615 24	0.97	30
	根 Root	0.041 25	0.684 51	0.99	30
樟子松林 Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica forest	干 Trunk	0.051 41	0.862 14	0.94	30
	枝 Branch	0.014 63	0.724 58	0.97	30
	叶 Leaf	0.021 24	0.524 78	0.91	30
	皮 Bark	0.057 81	0.442 87	0.92	30
	根 Root	0.026 31	0.686 56	0.95	30
云冷杉林 Picea-Abies forest	干 Trunk	0.322 91	0.679 19	0.97	30
	枝 Branch	0.022 57	0.635 64	0.90	30
	叶 Leaf	0.004 18	0.821 35	0.92	30
	皮 Bark	0.024 21	0.572 15	0.94	30
	根 Root	0.011 54	0.812 34	0.94	30
白桦林 Betula platyphylla forest	干 Trunk	0.011 75	1.102 52	0.97	30
	枝 Branch	0.010 24	0.805 47	0.97	30
	叶 Leaf	0.013 47	0.649 47	0.90	30
	皮 Bark	0.024 69	0.631 01	0.92	30
	根 Root	0.048 87	0.632 46	0.96	30
蒙古栎林 Quercus mongolica forest	干 Trunk	0.011 97	1.092 48	0.91	30
	枝 Branch	0.008 45	0.894 18	0.90	30
	叶 Leaf	0.006 24	0.828 54	0.91	30
	皮 Bark	0.008 72	0.817 59	0.92	30
	根 Root	0.010 54	0.835 38	0.93	30
山杨林 Populus davidiana forest	干 Trunk	0.235 14	0.853 24	0.93	30
	枝 Branch	0.021 54	0.862 15	0.98	30
	叶 Leaf	0.009 79	0.856 14	0.96	30
	皮 Bark	0.052 23	0.632 17	0.97	30
	根 Root	0.125 87	0.558 74	0.98	30

林型 Forest type	组分 Component	a	b	决定系数 Coefficient of determination (R²)	样本数 No. of samples (N)
红松林 Pinus koraiensis forest	干 Trunk	0.046 65	0.902 37	0.97	30
	枝 Branch	0.031 23	0.612 48	0.99	30
	叶 Leaf	0.012 35	0.643 47	0.95	30
	皮 Bark	0.029 57	0.564 89	0.90	30
	根 Root	0.009 25	0.739 65	0.96	30
兴安落叶松林 Larix gmelinii forest	干 Trunk	0.013 02	1.021 54	0.99	30
	枝 Branch	0.001 29	1.039 98	0.92	30
	叶 Leaf	0.011 12	0.637 45	0.95	30
	皮 Bark	0.031 27	0.615 24	0.97	30
	根 Root	0.041 25	0.684 51	0.99	30
樟子松林 Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica forest	干 Trunk	0.051 41	0.862 14	0.94	30
	枝 Branch	0.014 63	0.724 58	0.97	30
	叶 Leaf	0.021 24	0.524 78	0.91	30
	皮 Bark	0.057 81	0.442 87	0.92	30
	根 Root	0.026 31	0.686 56	0.95	30
云冷杉林 Picea-Abies forest	干 Trunk	0.322 91	0.679 19	0.97	30
	枝 Branch	0.022 57	0.635 64	0.90	30
	叶 Leaf	0.004 18	0.821 35	0.92	30
	皮 Bark	0.024 21	0.572 15	0.94	30
	根 Root	0.011 54	0.812 34	0.94	30
白桦林 Betula platyphylla forest	干 Trunk	0.011 75	1.102 52	0.97	30
	枝 Branch	0.010 24	0.805 47	0.97	30
	叶 Leaf	0.013 47	0.649 47	0.90	30
	皮 Bark	0.024 69	0.631 01	0.92	30
	根 Root	0.048 87	0.632 46	0.96	30
蒙古栎林 Quercus mongolica forest	干 Trunk	0.011 97	1.092 48	0.91	30
	枝 Branch	0.008 45	0.894 18	0.90	30
	叶 Leaf	0.006 24	0.828 54	0.91	30
	皮 Bark	0.008 72	0.817 59	0.92	30
	根 Root	0.010 54	0.835 38	0.93	30
山杨林 Populus davidiana forest	干 Trunk	0.235 14	0.853 24	0.93	30
	枝 Branch	0.021 54	0.862 15	0.98	30
	叶 Leaf	0.009 79	0.856 14	0.96	30
	皮 Bark	0.052 23	0.632 17	0.97	30
	根 Root	0.125 87	0.558 74	0.98	30

林型 Forest type	龄组 Age group	平均林龄 Average forest age (a)	平均胸径 Average diameter at breast height (cm)	平均树高 Average tree height (m)
红松林 Pinus koraiensis forest	幼龄林 Young forest	24.23 ± 2.21	11.94 ± 1.34	9.95 ± 0.97
	中龄林 Middle-aged forest	68.54 ± 7.24	17.66 ± 2.45	16.54 ± 3.74
	近熟林 Near mature forest	109.19 ± 3.26	20.48 ± 2.18	21.62 ± 5.86
	成熟林 Mature forest	123.50 ± 12.34	21.31 ± 5.67	22.46 ± 4.59
兴安落叶松林 Larix gmelinii forest	幼龄林 Young forest	21.66 ± 1.78	9.46 ± 1.15	9.44 ± 0.91
	中龄林 Middle-aged forest	63.78 ± 10.51	13.51 ± 2.30	12.13 ± 3.48
	近熟林 Near mature forest	84.50 ± 2.96	17.12 ± 6.47	17.59 ± 3.17
	成熟林 Mature forest	135.47 ± 7.28	21.04 ± 6.19	20.27 ± 5.89
樟子松林 Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica forest	幼龄林 Young forest	25.48 ± 3.12	9.11 ± 1.62	8.83 ± 1.45
	中龄林 Middle-aged forest	62.53 ± 8.84	16.77 ± 3.57	15.38 ± 2.84
	近熟林 Near mature forest	89.18 ± 4.16	18.91 ± 3.66	17.01 ± 7.11
	成熟林 Mature forest	122.45 ± 10.47	21.31 ± 6.41	19.44 ± 6.97
云冷杉林 Picea-Abies forest	幼龄林 Young forest	29.60 ± 4.15	7.26 ± 1.01	9.77 ± 1.22
	中龄林 Middle-aged forest	68.00 ± 6.74	11.89 ± 1.34	13.03 ± 1.42
	近熟林 Near mature forest	111.97 ± 3.48	16.57 ± 3.59	16.02 ± 3.47
	成熟林 Mature forest	135.46 ± 15.42	21.54 ± 2.49	22.75 ± 5.64
白桦林 Betula platyphylla forest	幼龄林 Young forest	19.73 ± 3.15	9.55 ± 1.32	10.31 ± 1.46
	中龄林 Middle-aged forest	42.93 ± 5.85	11.63 ± 2.64	13.59 ± 3.69
	近熟林 Near mature forest	56.27 ± 1.42	14.99 ± 4.59	15.03 ± 3.67
	成熟林 Mature forest	74.81 ± 3.00	16.29 ± 5.67	18.04 ± 6.68
蒙古栎林 Quercus mongolica forest	幼龄林 Young forest	23.87 ± 4.25	7.53 ± 0.98	5.87 ± 0.89
	中龄林 Middle-aged forest	48.00 ± 3.33	11.30 ± 1.28	7.15 ± 0.78
	近熟林 Near mature forest	66.59 ± 4.49	14.72 ± 1.94	12.38 ± 2.00
	成熟林 Mature forest	101.42 ± 10.29	17.03 ± 2.37	13.43 ± 2.79
山杨林 Populus davidiana forest	幼龄林 Young forest	8.64 ± 0.54	5.47 ± 0.24	5.56 ± 0.51
	中龄林 Middle-aged forest	13.75 ± 0.48	6.79 ± 0.84	7.84 ± 0.36
	近熟林 Near mature forest	19.53 ± 0.89	8.73 ± 0.74	9.25 ± 0.49
	成熟林 Mature forest	27.61 ± 1.12	11.39 ± 1.37	10.76 ± 0.87