Current stocks and rate of sequestration of forest carbon in Gansu Province, China

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2016.0017

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims
Carbon sequestration is the basic function and most primary service of forest ecosystems, and plays a vital role in mitigating the global climate change. However, carbon storage and allocation in forest ecosystems have been less studied at regional scales than at forest stand levels, and the results are subject to uncertainty due to inconsistent methodologies. In this study we aim to obtain relatively accurate estimates of forest carbon stocks and sequestration rate at a provincial scale (regional) based on plot surveys of plants and soils.
Methods
In consideration of the areas and distributions of major forest types, 212 sampling plots, covering different age classes and origins (natural forests vs. planted forests), were surveyed in Gansu Province in northern China. Field investigations were conducted for vegetation layers (trees, shrubs, herbs and litter), soil profiles, and sampling of both plant materials and soils for laboratory analyses. Regional carbon stocks were calculated by up-scaling the carbon densities of all forest types with their corresponding areas. Carbon sequestration rate was estimated by referencing the reports of national forest inventory data for different periods.
Important findings Forest carbon stocks at the provincial scale were estimated at 612.43 Tg C, including 179.04 Tg C in biomass and 433.39 Tg C in soil organic materials. Specifically, natural forests stored 501.42 Tg C, approximately 4.52 times than that of the plantations. Biomass carbon density in both natural forests and plantations showed an increasing trend with stand age classes, and was greater in natural forests than in plantations within the same age classes. Soil carbon density also increased with stand age classes in natural forests, but the highest value occurred at the pre-mature stage in plantations. The weighted average of regional biomass carbon density was at 72.43 Mg C·hm^-2, with the average value of 90.52 Mg C·hm^-2 in natural forests and 33.79 Mg C·hm^-2 in plantations, respectively. In 1996, vegetation stored 132.47 Tg C in natural forests and 12.81 Tg C in plantations, respectively, and the values increased to 152.41 and 26.63 Tg C in 2011, with the mean carbon sequestration rates of 1.33 and 0.92 Tg C·a^-1. Given that young and middle-aged forests account for a large proportion (62.28%) of the total forest areas, the region is expected to have substantial potential of carbon sequestration.

http://jtp.cnki.net/bilingual/detail/html/ZWSB201604004

Key words: carbon density, carbon storage, carbon sequestration rate, forest ecosystem, Gansu Province

Jin-Hong GUAN, Sheng DU, Ji-Min CHENG, Chun-Rong WU, Guo-Qing LI, Lei DENG, Jian-Guo ZHANG, Qiu-Yue HE, Wei-Yu SHI. Current stocks and rate of sequestration of forest carbon in Gansu Province, China[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2016, 40(4): 304-317.

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Figures/Tables 9

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森林类型 Forest type	森林起源 Forest origin	林龄组 Forest age group	样地数量 Number of plots	样地分布区 Plot location	主要土壤类型 Main soil types	土壤取样 Soil sampling
森林类型 Forest type	森林起源 Forest origin	林龄组 Forest age group	样地数量 Number of plots	样地分布区 Plot location	主要土壤类型 Main soil types	取样深度Sampling Depth (cm)	样地数量 Number of plots
冷杉 Abies fabri	天然林 Natural forest	幼、中、成、过 YF, MAF, MF and OMF	13	甘南 Gannan	山地棕壤、山地褐土、山地灰褐土 Mountainous brown earths, mountainous cinnamon soils, and mountainous grey cinnamon soils	0-50	3
	天然林 Natural forest	幼、中、成、过 YF, MAF, MF and OMF	13	甘南 Gannan		0-100	10
	人工林 Plantation	-	-	-	-	-	-
云杉 Picea asperata	天然林 Natural forest	幼、中、近、成、过 YF, MAF, PMF, MF and OMF	32	甘南、定西、张掖、兰州、武威 Gannan, Dingxi, Zhangye, Lanzhou, and Wuwei	山地棕壤、山地褐土、山地灰褐土 Mountainous brown earths, moutainous cinnamon soils, and mountainous grey cinnamon soils	0-30	1
	天然林 Natural forest	幼、中、近、成、过 YF, MAF, PMF, MF and OMF	32	甘南、定西、张掖、兰州、武威 Gannan, Dingxi, Zhangye, Lanzhou, and Wuwei		0-100	31
	人工林 Plantation	幼、中、近、成 YF, MAF, PMF and MF	16	甘南、定西 Gannan and Dingxi	山地棕壤、山地褐土、黄绵土 Mountainous brown earths, moutainous cinnamon soils, and cultivated loess	0-30	2
	人工林 Plantation	幼、中、近、成 YF, MAF, PMF and MF	16	甘南、定西 Gannan and Dingxi		0-100	14
油松 Pinus tabulaeformis	天然林 Natural forest	中、成 MAF and MF	4	陇南、庆阳 Longnan and Qingyang	山地褐土、黄绵土Mountainous cinnamon soils and cultivated loess	0-100	4
油松 Pinus tabulaeformis	人工林 Plantation	幼、中、近、成 YF, MAF, PMF and MF	20	临夏、陇南、庆阳、定西、兰州 Linxia, Longnan, Qing- yang, Dingxi, and Lanzhou	山地灰褐土、黄绵土、山地棕壤 Mountainous grey cinnamon soils, cultivated loess, and mountainous brown earths	0-100	20
华山松 Pinus armandii	天然林 Natural forest	近 PMF	1	天水 Tianshui	山地褐土 Mountainous cinnamon soils	0-100	1
华山松 Pinus armandii	人工林 Plantation	近 PMF	3	陇南、天水 Longnan and Tianshui	山地棕壤、山地褐土 Mountainous brown earths and mountainous cinnamon soils	0-100	3
落叶松 Larix gmelinii	天然林 Natural forest	-	-	-	-	-	-
落叶松 Larix gmelinii	人工林 Plantation	幼、中、近、成 YF, MAF, PMF and MF	12	甘南、陇南、天水、定西 Gannan, Longnan, Tianshui, and Dingxi	山地棕壤、山地褐土 Mountainous brown earths and mountainous cinnamon soils	0-100	12
柏木 Cupressus funebris	天然林 Natural forest	中 MAF	6	武威 Wuwei	山地灰褐土 Mountainous grey cinnamon soils	0-100	6
柏木 Cupressus funebris	人工林 Plantation	-	-	-	-	-	-
栎类 Quercus spp.	天然林 Natural forest	幼、中、近、成 YF, MAF, PMF and MF	22	陇南、天水、庆阳 Longnan, Tianshui, and Qingyang	山地褐土、山地棕壤 Mountainous cinnamon soils and mountainous brown earths	0-30	1
						0-50	2
						0-100	19
	人工林 Plantation	-	-	-	-	-	-
杨树 Populus spp.	天然林 Natural forest	近、成 PMF and MF	3	庆阳 Qingyang	黄褐土 Yellow cinnamon soils	0-100	3
	人工林 Plantation	幼、中、近、过 YF, MAF, PMF and OMF	29	酒泉、金昌、张掖、武威、兰州、白银 Jiuquan, Jinchang, Zhang- ye, Wuwei, and Lanzhou	灰褐土、灌淤土、草甸土 Grey cinnamon soils, irrigation sediments, and meadow soils	0-50	2
	人工林 Plantation	幼、中、近、过 YF, MAF, PMF and OMF	29			0-100	27
桦木 Betula spp.	天然林 Natural forest	幼、中 YF and MAF	6	甘南、天水、庆阳 Gannan, Tianshui, and Qingyang	山地褐土、黄绵土 Mountainous cinnamon soils and cultivated loess	0-100	6
桦木 Betula spp.	人工林 Plantation	-	-	-	-	-	-
刺槐 Robinia pseudoacacia	天然林 Natural forest	-	-	-	-	-	-
刺槐 Robinia pseudoacacia	人工林 Plantation	幼、中、近、成 YF, MAF, PMF and MF	15	平凉、庆阳、白银 Pingliang, Qingyang, and Baiyin	黄绵土、灰褐土 Cultivated loess and grey cinnamon soils	0-100	15
阔叶混交林 Broad-leaved mixed forest	天然林 Natural forest	-	-	-	-	-	-
阔叶混交林 Broad-leaved mixed forest	人工林 Plantation	幼 YF	2	张掖、兰州 Zhangye and Lanzhou	灌淤土 Irrigation sediments	0-100	2
针叶混交林 Coniferous- mixed forest	天然林 Natural forest	中、成 MAF and MF	2	天水 Tianshui	黄棕壤 Yellow brown earths	0-100	2
针叶混交林 Coniferous- mixed forest	人工林 Plantation	幼、成 YF and MF	2	陇南、兰州 Longnan and Lanzhou	山地褐土、灌淤土 Mountainous cinnamon soils and irrigation sediments	0-50	2
表1 (续) Table 1 (continued)
森林类型 Forest type	森林起源 Forest origin	林龄组 Forest age group	样地数量 Number of plots	样地分布区 Plot location	主要土壤类型 Main soil types	土壤取样 Soil sampling
森林类型 Forest type	森林起源 Forest origin	林龄组 Forest age group	样地数量 Number of plots	样地分布区 Plot location	主要土壤类型 Main soil types	取样深度Sampling Depth (cm)	样地数量 Number of plots
针阔混交林 Coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest	天然林 Natural forest	幼、中、近 YF, MAF and PMF	23	甘南、天水、陇南、庆阳 Gannan, Tianshui, Longnan, and Qingyang	山地褐土、黄褐土、黄棕壤 Mountainous cinnamon soils, yellow cinnamon soils, and yellow brown earths	0-30	1
	天然林 Natural forest	幼、中、近 YF, MAF and PMF	23	甘南、天水、陇南、庆阳 Gannan, Tianshui, Longnan, and Qingyang		0-100	22
	人工林 Plantation	中 MAF	1	天水 Tianshui	山地褐土 Mountainous cinnamon soils	0-100	1
合计 Total	天然林 Natural forest	112
合计 Total	人工林 Plantation	100

森林类型 Forest type	森林起源 Forest origin	林龄组 Forest age group	样地数量 Number of plots	样地分布区 Plot location	主要土壤类型 Main soil types	土壤取样 Soil sampling
森林类型 Forest type	森林起源 Forest origin	林龄组 Forest age group	样地数量 Number of plots	样地分布区 Plot location	主要土壤类型 Main soil types	取样深度Sampling Depth (cm)	样地数量 Number of plots
冷杉 Abies fabri	天然林 Natural forest	幼、中、成、过 YF, MAF, MF and OMF	13	甘南 Gannan	山地棕壤、山地褐土、山地灰褐土 Mountainous brown earths, mountainous cinnamon soils, and mountainous grey cinnamon soils	0-50	3
	天然林 Natural forest	幼、中、成、过 YF, MAF, MF and OMF	13	甘南 Gannan		0-100	10
	人工林 Plantation	-	-	-	-	-	-
云杉 Picea asperata	天然林 Natural forest	幼、中、近、成、过 YF, MAF, PMF, MF and OMF	32	甘南、定西、张掖、兰州、武威 Gannan, Dingxi, Zhangye, Lanzhou, and Wuwei	山地棕壤、山地褐土、山地灰褐土 Mountainous brown earths, moutainous cinnamon soils, and mountainous grey cinnamon soils	0-30	1
	天然林 Natural forest	幼、中、近、成、过 YF, MAF, PMF, MF and OMF	32	甘南、定西、张掖、兰州、武威 Gannan, Dingxi, Zhangye, Lanzhou, and Wuwei		0-100	31
	人工林 Plantation	幼、中、近、成 YF, MAF, PMF and MF	16	甘南、定西 Gannan and Dingxi	山地棕壤、山地褐土、黄绵土 Mountainous brown earths, moutainous cinnamon soils, and cultivated loess	0-30	2
	人工林 Plantation	幼、中、近、成 YF, MAF, PMF and MF	16	甘南、定西 Gannan and Dingxi		0-100	14
油松 Pinus tabulaeformis	天然林 Natural forest	中、成 MAF and MF	4	陇南、庆阳 Longnan and Qingyang	山地褐土、黄绵土Mountainous cinnamon soils and cultivated loess	0-100	4
油松 Pinus tabulaeformis	人工林 Plantation	幼、中、近、成 YF, MAF, PMF and MF	20	临夏、陇南、庆阳、定西、兰州 Linxia, Longnan, Qing- yang, Dingxi, and Lanzhou	山地灰褐土、黄绵土、山地棕壤 Mountainous grey cinnamon soils, cultivated loess, and mountainous brown earths	0-100	20
华山松 Pinus armandii	天然林 Natural forest	近 PMF	1	天水 Tianshui	山地褐土 Mountainous cinnamon soils	0-100	1
华山松 Pinus armandii	人工林 Plantation	近 PMF	3	陇南、天水 Longnan and Tianshui	山地棕壤、山地褐土 Mountainous brown earths and mountainous cinnamon soils	0-100	3
落叶松 Larix gmelinii	天然林 Natural forest	-	-	-	-	-	-
落叶松 Larix gmelinii	人工林 Plantation	幼、中、近、成 YF, MAF, PMF and MF	12	甘南、陇南、天水、定西 Gannan, Longnan, Tianshui, and Dingxi	山地棕壤、山地褐土 Mountainous brown earths and mountainous cinnamon soils	0-100	12
柏木 Cupressus funebris	天然林 Natural forest	中 MAF	6	武威 Wuwei	山地灰褐土 Mountainous grey cinnamon soils	0-100	6
柏木 Cupressus funebris	人工林 Plantation	-	-	-	-	-	-
栎类 Quercus spp.	天然林 Natural forest	幼、中、近、成 YF, MAF, PMF and MF	22	陇南、天水、庆阳 Longnan, Tianshui, and Qingyang	山地褐土、山地棕壤 Mountainous cinnamon soils and mountainous brown earths	0-30	1
						0-50	2
						0-100	19
	人工林 Plantation	-	-	-	-	-	-
杨树 Populus spp.	天然林 Natural forest	近、成 PMF and MF	3	庆阳 Qingyang	黄褐土 Yellow cinnamon soils	0-100	3
	人工林 Plantation	幼、中、近、过 YF, MAF, PMF and OMF	29	酒泉、金昌、张掖、武威、兰州、白银 Jiuquan, Jinchang, Zhang- ye, Wuwei, and Lanzhou	灰褐土、灌淤土、草甸土 Grey cinnamon soils, irrigation sediments, and meadow soils	0-50	2
	人工林 Plantation	幼、中、近、过 YF, MAF, PMF and OMF	29			0-100	27
桦木 Betula spp.	天然林 Natural forest	幼、中 YF and MAF	6	甘南、天水、庆阳 Gannan, Tianshui, and Qingyang	山地褐土、黄绵土 Mountainous cinnamon soils and cultivated loess	0-100	6
桦木 Betula spp.	人工林 Plantation	-	-	-	-	-	-
刺槐 Robinia pseudoacacia	天然林 Natural forest	-	-	-	-	-	-
刺槐 Robinia pseudoacacia	人工林 Plantation	幼、中、近、成 YF, MAF, PMF and MF	15	平凉、庆阳、白银 Pingliang, Qingyang, and Baiyin	黄绵土、灰褐土 Cultivated loess and grey cinnamon soils	0-100	15
阔叶混交林 Broad-leaved mixed forest	天然林 Natural forest	-	-	-	-	-	-
阔叶混交林 Broad-leaved mixed forest	人工林 Plantation	幼 YF	2	张掖、兰州 Zhangye and Lanzhou	灌淤土 Irrigation sediments	0-100	2
针叶混交林 Coniferous- mixed forest	天然林 Natural forest	中、成 MAF and MF	2	天水 Tianshui	黄棕壤 Yellow brown earths	0-100	2
针叶混交林 Coniferous- mixed forest	人工林 Plantation	幼、成 YF and MF	2	陇南、兰州 Longnan and Lanzhou	山地褐土、灌淤土 Mountainous cinnamon soils and irrigation sediments	0-50	2
表1 (续) Table 1 (continued)
森林类型 Forest type	森林起源 Forest origin	林龄组 Forest age group	样地数量 Number of plots	样地分布区 Plot location	主要土壤类型 Main soil types	土壤取样 Soil sampling
森林类型 Forest type	森林起源 Forest origin	林龄组 Forest age group	样地数量 Number of plots	样地分布区 Plot location	主要土壤类型 Main soil types	取样深度Sampling Depth (cm)	样地数量 Number of plots
针阔混交林 Coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest	天然林 Natural forest	幼、中、近 YF, MAF and PMF	23	甘南、天水、陇南、庆阳 Gannan, Tianshui, Longnan, and Qingyang	山地褐土、黄褐土、黄棕壤 Mountainous cinnamon soils, yellow cinnamon soils, and yellow brown earths	0-30	1
	天然林 Natural forest	幼、中、近 YF, MAF and PMF	23	甘南、天水、陇南、庆阳 Gannan, Tianshui, Longnan, and Qingyang		0-100	22
	人工林 Plantation	中 MAF	1	天水 Tianshui	山地褐土 Mountainous cinnamon soils	0-100	1
合计 Total	天然林 Natural forest	112
合计 Total	人工林 Plantation	100

森林类型 Forest type	森林起源 Forest origin	林龄组 Forest age group
森林类型 Forest type	森林起源 Forest origin	幼龄林 Young forest	中龄林 Middle- aged forest	近熟林 Pre-mature forest	成熟林 Mature forest	过熟林 Over-mature forest
冷杉、柏木 Abies fabri and Cupressus funebris	天然林 Natural forest	≤60	61-100	101-120	121-160	≥161
冷杉、柏木 Abies fabri and Cupressus funebris	人工林 Plantation	≤40	41-60	61-80	81-120	≥121
云杉 Picea asperata	天然林 Natural forest	≤40	41-80	81-100	101-140	≥141
云杉 Picea asperata	人工林 Plantation	≤20	21-30	31-40	41-60	≥61
油松、华山松、落叶松 Pinus tabulaeformis, Pinus armandii and Larix gmelinii	天然林 Natural forest	≤30	31-50	51-60	61-80	≥81
	人工林 Plantation	≤20	21-30	31-40	41-60	≥61
杨、白桦、其他软阔类 Populus spp., Betula platyphylla and other soft broad-leaved species	天然林 Natural forest	≤20	21-30	31-40	41-60	≥61
	人工林 Plantation	≤10	11-15	16-20	21-30	≥31
刺槐、红桦 Robinia pseudoacacia and Betula albosinensis	天然林 Natural forest	≤30	31-50	51-60	61-80	≥81
刺槐、红桦 Robinia pseudoacacia and Betula albosinensis	人工林 Plantation	≤20	21-30	31-40	41-60	≥61
栎类、其他硬阔类 Quercus spp. and other hard broad-leaved species	天然林 Natural forest	≤40	41-60	61-80	81-120	≥121
栎类、其他硬阔类 Quercus spp. and other hard broad-leaved species	人工林 Plantation	≤20	21-40	41-50	51-70	≥71

森林类型 Forest type	森林起源 Forest origin	林龄组 Forest age group
森林类型 Forest type	森林起源 Forest origin	幼龄林 Young forest	中龄林 Middle- aged forest	近熟林 Pre-mature forest	成熟林 Mature forest	过熟林 Over-mature forest
冷杉、柏木 Abies fabri and Cupressus funebris	天然林 Natural forest	≤60	61-100	101-120	121-160	≥161
冷杉、柏木 Abies fabri and Cupressus funebris	人工林 Plantation	≤40	41-60	61-80	81-120	≥121
云杉 Picea asperata	天然林 Natural forest	≤40	41-80	81-100	101-140	≥141
云杉 Picea asperata	人工林 Plantation	≤20	21-30	31-40	41-60	≥61
油松、华山松、落叶松 Pinus tabulaeformis, Pinus armandii and Larix gmelinii	天然林 Natural forest	≤30	31-50	51-60	61-80	≥81
	人工林 Plantation	≤20	21-30	31-40	41-60	≥61
杨、白桦、其他软阔类 Populus spp., Betula platyphylla and other soft broad-leaved species	天然林 Natural forest	≤20	21-30	31-40	41-60	≥61
	人工林 Plantation	≤10	11-15	16-20	21-30	≥31
刺槐、红桦 Robinia pseudoacacia and Betula albosinensis	天然林 Natural forest	≤30	31-50	51-60	61-80	≥81
刺槐、红桦 Robinia pseudoacacia and Betula albosinensis	人工林 Plantation	≤20	21-30	31-40	41-60	≥61
栎类、其他硬阔类 Quercus spp. and other hard broad-leaved species	天然林 Natural forest	≤40	41-60	61-80	81-120	≥121
栎类、其他硬阔类 Quercus spp. and other hard broad-leaved species	人工林 Plantation	≤20	21-40	41-50	51-70	≥71

树种 Tree species	干 Stem (kg·ind.^-1)	枝 Branch (kg·ind.^-1)	叶 Leaves (kg·ind.^-1)	根 Roots (kg·ind.^-1)	皮 Barks (kg·ind.^-1)
1. 云、冷杉 Picea asperata and Abies fabri	exp(-3.9744)(D²H)^0.9434	exp(-4.6350)(D²H)^0.9257	exp(-5.9391)(D²H)^0.9257	exp(-5.2791)(D²H)^0.9457	exp(-5.5587)(D²H)^0.8930
2. 油松 Pinus tabulaeformis	exp(-3.8828)(D²H)^0.9359	exp(-6.3807)(D²H)^1.1242	exp(-5.3277)(D²H)^0.8812	exp(-4.7557)(D²H)^0.9204	exp(-5.1129)(D²H)^0.8649
3. 锐齿栎 Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata	exp(-4.0347)(D²H)^0.9953	exp(-8.4741)(D²H)^1.3674	exp(-8.4170)(D²H)^1.0888	exp(-3.3630)(D²H)^0.7773	exp(-4.5914)(D²H)^0.8657
4. 柏木 Cupressus funebris	0.0427(D²H)^0.8545	0.0128(D²H)^0.8916	0.0258(D²H)^0.7037	0.0079(D²H)^0.9385	-
5. 杨、桦 Populus spp. and Betula spp.	exp(-3.8023)(D²H)^0.9631	exp(-5.9070)(D²H)^1.0903	exp(-3.9108)(D²H)^0.6104	exp(-3.2756)(D²H)^0.7692	exp(-5.8330)(D²H)^0.9682
6. 落叶松 Larix gmelinii	exp(-3.6844)(D²H)^0.9303	exp(-7.6840)(D²H)^1.2554	exp(-12.0638)(D²H)^1.4968	exp(-5.1872)(D²H)^0.9709	exp(-5.0754)(D²H)^0.8708
7. 华山松 Pinus armandii	exp(-3.9041)(D²H)^0.9630	exp(-4.0957)(D²H)^0.9186	exp(-4.8359)(D²H)^0.7936	exp(-8.3710)(D²H)^1.3456	exp(-4.6176)(D²H)^0.8060
8. 栓皮栎 Quercus variabilis	exp(-3.7447)(D²H)^0.9679	exp(-4.8449)(D²H)^1.0013	exp(-3.3569)(D²H)^0.6050	exp(-2.9066)(D²H)^0.8144	exp(-3.2565)(D²H)^0.7156
9. 辽东栎 Quercus wutaishanica	0.0493(D²H))^0.8514	0.0026(D²H)^1.1887	0.0119(D²H)^0.835	0.1009(D²H)^0.6879	-
10. 刺槐 Robinia pseudoacacia	0.0302(D²H)^0.9474	0.004(D²H)^1.0868	0.006(D²H)^0.8403	0.0119(D²H)^0.9501	-
11. 其他硬阔类 Other hard broad-leaved species	exp(-3.8852)(D²H)^0.9803	exp(-5.6360)(D²H)^1.0851	exp(-4.5320)(D²H)^0.7377	exp(-3.1575)(D²H)^0.7758	exp(-4.4480)(D²H)^0.7713
12. 其他软阔类 Other soft broad-leaved species	0.021(D²H)^0.9642	0.0011(D²H)^1.1909	0.0022(D²H)^0.8595	0.053(D²H)^0.7452	-