Senescence mechanisms induced by phloem girdling in Karelinia caspia

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2015.0105

Abstract

Abstract:

AimsSenescence constitutes the final stage of a plant’s organ and tissue development, and is subject to gene control and strict regulation. Plant senescence is largely influenced by carbohydrate content and phloem girdling can induce leaf senescence. Our general objective is to study the effect of stem girdling on physiological conditions in Karelinia caspia. Specifically, we want to know the senescence processes after phloem girdling. In addition, we also want to know the possible mechanisms for the senescence processes. MethodsThree different types of girdling treatments, normal branch, semi-girdling, and full-girdling were performed on K. caspia. Twenty days after girdling, photosynthetic pigments content, photosynthetic rate, soluble sugar content, starch content, abscisic acid (ABA) content, and leaf water potential were measured.Important findings Phloem girdling can largely induce leaf senescence in K. caspia, and the reasons for leaf senescence may be as follows: girdling resulted in carbohydrate accumulation in leaf which subsequently led to “carbon feast” induced leaf senescence; girdling caused ABA accumulation in leaf and then resulted in senescence; girdling decreased water status, which may be another reason for leaf senescence. Compared with natural senescence, girdling induced senescence was a disorder and disorganized process, only a limited physiological process can be controlled by senescence related gene in the girdling induced senescence process. The most important role for carotenoids in the senescence process is to protect the photosynthetic apparatus from being damaged by excess light and reactive oxygen species. Many physiological indicators declined in the semi-girdled K. caspia leaves just like full-girdled leaves, indicating that portion (e.g. half) of the phloem cannot undertake the transport flux which was done by the whole phloem sieve.

Key words: carbohydrate, girdling, Karelinia caspia, photosynthetic, senescence, water potential

GU Zhu-Yu,TANG Gang-Liang,AI Kebaier Yilahong,TU Erxun Tuerhong. Senescence mechanisms induced by phloem girdling in Karelinia caspia[J]. Chin J Plan Ecolo, 2015, 39(11): 1082-1092.

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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.17521/cjpe.2015.0105

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2015/V39/I11/1082

Figures/Tables 5

Fig. 1 Effects on photosynthetic pigments content in leaves of Karelinia caspia by phloem girdling (mean ± SE). Car, carotenoid; Chl, chlorophyll. CK, control; FG, full-girdling; SG, semi-girdling. Different small letters indicate significant difference (p < 0.05).

Fig. 2 Effects on photosynthetic parameters in leaves of Karelinia caspia by phloem girdling (mean ± SE). Gs, stomatal conductance; Pn, net photosynthesis rate; Tr, transpiration rate. CK, FG, SG see Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 Effects on carbohydrate content in leaves of Karelinia caspia by phloem girdling (mean ± SE). CK, FG, SG see Fig. 1. Different small letters indicate significant difference (p < 0.05).

Fig. 4 Effects on abscisic acid (ABA) content in leaves of Karelinia caspia by phloem girdling (mean ± SE). CK, FG, SG see Fig. 1. Different small letters indicate significant difference (p < 0.05).

Fig. 5 Effects on water potential in leaves of Karelinia caspia by phloem girdling (mean ± SE). CK, FG, SG see Fig. 1. Different small letters indicate significant difference (p < 0.05).

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