Species composition and community structure of a 20 hm2 plot of mid-mountain moist evergreen broad-leaved forest on the Mts. Ailaoshan, Yunnan Province, China

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2017.0272

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims The mid-mountain moist evergreen broad-leaved forest is a montane forest vegetation type developed in the subtropical climate zones of China. However, the community structure of the forest has never been reported based on large sized plots. The present study investigated the tree species composition and community structure within a 20 hm ² plot, serving as the fundamentals for analyzing the relationships between environmental factors and spatial distribution of tree species, and a basic platform for monitoring long-term forest dynamics in the future.

Methods We established a 20 hm² plot in a forest at Xujiaba on Mts. Ailaoshan, Jingdong County, Yunnan Province in 2014. The plot was set up in accordance to the protocols of the Center for Tropical Forest Science (CTFS). All free-standing woody plants with a diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 1 cm were positioned, mapped, tagged, measured and identified to species in the plot.

Important findings A total of 44 168 free-standing individuals with DBH ≥ 1 cm were recorded, belonging to 104 species, 63 genera and 36 families. Trees of Fagaceae, Theaceae and Lauraceae are dominant species. At the level of genus, the floristic composition was primarily represented by both tropical (46.0%) and temperate (38.1%) elements. The 22 individual species with importance value ≥ 1 contributed 84.6% to the total abundance. The three most abundant species were Camellia forrestii, Vaccinium duclouxii and Symplocos ramosissima. Four tree species (Lithocarpus hancei, L. xylocarpus, Castanopsis wattii and Schima noronhae) had the largest basal areas, and they were also the dominant canopy tree species in the plot. The DBH distribution of all individuals in the plot showed a reversed “J” pattern, indicating numerous recruiting populations. Such a pattern was applicable to C. forrestii and S. ramosissima as well. Forty-nine rare species (those with individual number fewer than 20 in the plot) accounted for 47.1% of the species total. Evergreen species dominated the life form spectrum of the plot, making up for 94.7%, 96.2% and 94.0% in terms of importance value, total abundance and total basal area, respectively.

http://jtp.cnki.net/bilingual/detail/html/ZWSB201804002

Key words: mid-mountain moist evergreen broad-leaved forest, Mts. Ailaoshan, species diversity, floristic characteristics, size class structure

Han-Dong WEN, Lu-Xiang LIN, Jie YANG, Yue-Hua HU, Min CAO, Yu-Hong LIU, Zhi-Yun LU, You-Neng XIE. Species composition and community structure of a 20 hm² plot of mid-mountain moist evergreen broad-leaved forest on the Mts. Ailaoshan, Yunnan Province, China[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2018, 42(4): 419-429.

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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.17521/cjpe.2017.0272

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2018/V42/I4/419

Figures/Tables 9

References 22

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序号 Rank	科名 Family	树种数 No. of species	属数 No. of genera	个体数 No. of individuals	胸高断面积 Basal area (cm²)	相对多样性 Relative diversity	相对密度 Relative density	相对优势度 Relative abundance	科的重要值 Importance value of the family
1	壳斗科 Fagaceae	8	3	6 321	7 066 975.19	7.92	14.31	57.94	80.18
2	茶科 Theaceae	7	6	10 466	1 508 836.26	6.93	23.70	12.37	43.00
3	樟科 Lauraceae	10	5	3 833	682 608.98	9.90	8.68	5.60	24.18
4	蔷薇科 Rosaceae	14	10	2 807	407 326.40	13.86	6.36	3.34	23.56
5	山矾科 Symplocaceae	5	1	7 026	287 828.73	4.95	15.91	2.36	23.22
6	越桔科 Vacciniaceae	3	1	4 861	528 954.35	2.97	11.01	4.34	18.31
7	杜鹃花科 Ericaceae	6	3	2 501	495 485.15	5.94	5.66	4.06	15.67
8	冬青科 Aquifoliaceae	6	1	2 059	445 327.40	5.94	4.66	3.65	14.25
9	木兰科 Magnoliaceae	3	2	913	217 984.99	2.97	2.07	1.79	6.82
10	忍冬科 Caprifoliaceae	4	1	84	4 286.15	3.96	0.19	0.04	4.19
	合计 Total	66	33	40 871	11 645 613.60	65.34	92.55	95.49	253.38

序号 Rank	科名 Family	树种数 No. of species	属数 No. of genera	个体数 No. of individuals	胸高断面积 Basal area (cm²)	相对多样性 Relative diversity	相对密度 Relative density	相对优势度 Relative abundance	科的重要值 Importance value of the family
1	壳斗科 Fagaceae	8	3	6 321	7 066 975.19	7.92	14.31	57.94	80.18
2	茶科 Theaceae	7	6	10 466	1 508 836.26	6.93	23.70	12.37	43.00
3	樟科 Lauraceae	10	5	3 833	682 608.98	9.90	8.68	5.60	24.18
4	蔷薇科 Rosaceae	14	10	2 807	407 326.40	13.86	6.36	3.34	23.56
5	山矾科 Symplocaceae	5	1	7 026	287 828.73	4.95	15.91	2.36	23.22
6	越桔科 Vacciniaceae	3	1	4 861	528 954.35	2.97	11.01	4.34	18.31
7	杜鹃花科 Ericaceae	6	3	2 501	495 485.15	5.94	5.66	4.06	15.67
8	冬青科 Aquifoliaceae	6	1	2 059	445 327.40	5.94	4.66	3.65	14.25
9	木兰科 Magnoliaceae	3	2	913	217 984.99	2.97	2.07	1.79	6.82
10	忍冬科 Caprifoliaceae	4	1	84	4 286.15	3.96	0.19	0.04	4.19
	合计 Total	66	33	40 871	11 645 613.60	65.34	92.55	95.49	253.38

序号 Rank	种名 Species	个体数 Abundance	分枝数 Ramifications	平均胸径 Mean of DBH (cm)	胸高断面积 Basal area (m²)
1	蒙自连蕊茶 Camellia forrestii	6 387	5 847	3.42	15.95
2	云南越桔 Vaccinium duclouxii	4 843	6 101	6.52	52.67
3	多花山矾 Symplocos ramosissima	3 000	272	4.41	15.37
4	硬斗柯 Lithocarpus hancei	2 558	4 195	16.81	288.69
5	南亚枇杷 Eriobotrya bengalensis	2 368	229	9.40	27.27
6	变色锥 Castanopsis wattii	2 008	1 140	20.28	195.83
7	山矾 Symplocos sumuntia	1 840	452	4.26	9.46
8	丛花山矾 Symplocos poilanei	1 551	657	2.68	2.08
9	木果柯 Lithocarpus xylocarpus	1 540	777	28.99	210.85
10	云南柃 Eurya obliquifolia	1 446	737	3.53	3.33
11	滇润楠 Machilus yunnanensis	1 236	338	8.58	21.88
12	舟柄茶 Hartia sinensis	1 118	249	13.26	29.95
	合计 Total	29 895	20 994	122.13	873.33

序号 Rank	种名 Species	个体数 Abundance	分枝数 Ramifications	平均胸径 Mean of DBH (cm)	胸高断面积 Basal area (m²)
1	蒙自连蕊茶 Camellia forrestii	6 387	5 847	3.42	15.95
2	云南越桔 Vaccinium duclouxii	4 843	6 101	6.52	52.67
3	多花山矾 Symplocos ramosissima	3 000	272	4.41	15.37
4	硬斗柯 Lithocarpus hancei	2 558	4 195	16.81	288.69
5	南亚枇杷 Eriobotrya bengalensis	2 368	229	9.40	27.27
6	变色锥 Castanopsis wattii	2 008	1 140	20.28	195.83
7	山矾 Symplocos sumuntia	1 840	452	4.26	9.46
8	丛花山矾 Symplocos poilanei	1 551	657	2.68	2.08
9	木果柯 Lithocarpus xylocarpus	1 540	777	28.99	210.85
10	云南柃 Eurya obliquifolia	1 446	737	3.53	3.33
11	滇润楠 Machilus yunnanensis	1 236	338	8.58	21.88
12	舟柄茶 Hartia sinensis	1 118	249	13.26	29.95
	合计 Total	29 895	20 994	122.13	873.33

序号 Rank	分布区类型 Areal-type	属数 No. of genera	百分比 Percentage
1	世界广布 Widespread	3	4.76
2	泛热带 Pantropic	7	11.11
3	东亚(热带、亚热带) 及热带南美间断 East Asia (Tropical & Subtropical) & Tropical South America disjuncted	7	11.11
4	热带亚洲至热带大洋洲 Tropical Asia to Tropical Australasia Oceania	2	3.17
5	热带亚洲至热带非洲 Tropical Asia to Tropical Africa	1	1.59
6	热带亚洲(热带东南亚至印度-马来, 太平洋诸岛) Tropical Asia (Tropical Southeast Asia to Indo-Malaya & Tropical Southwest Pacific Islands)	12	19.05
热带成分(2-6)小计 Tropical elements (2-6) sub-total		29	46.03
7	北温带 North Temperate	14	22.22
8	东亚及北美间断 East Asia & North America disjuncted	8	12.70
9	旧世界温带 Old World Temperate	2	3.17
温带成分(7-9)小计 Tropical elements(7-9) sub-total		24	38.10
10	东亚 East Asia	7	11.11
	合计 Total	63	100.00

Species composition and community structure of a 20 hm² plot of mid-mountain moist evergreen broad-leaved forest on the Mts. Ailaoshan, Yunnan Province, China

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序号 Rank	种名 Species	个体数 No. of individuals	相对密度 Relative density	相对频度 Relative frequency	相对显著度 Relative prominence	重要值 Importance value
1	蒙自连蕊茶 Camellia forrestii	6 387	14.46	5.11	0.01	6.53
2	云南越桔 Vaccinium duclouxii	4 843	10.96	4.27	0.04	5.09
3	多花山矾 Symplocos ramosissima	3 000	6.79	4.14	0.01	3.65
4	硬斗柯 Lithocarpus hancei	2 558	5.79	4.58	0.24	3.53
5	变色锥 Castanopsis wattii	2 008	4.55	4.87	0.16	3.19
6	南亚枇杷 Eriobotrya bengalensis	2 368	5.36	3.98	0.02	3.12
7	木果柯 Lithocarpus xylocarpus	1 540	3.49	4.58	0.17	2.75
8	山矾 Symplocos sumuntia	1 840	4.17	3.62	0.01	2.60
9	滇润楠 Machilus yunnanensis	1 236	2.80	4.48	0.02	2.43
10	丛花山矾 Symplocos poilanei	1 551	3.51	3.06	0.00	2.19
	合计 Total	27 331	61.88	42.69	0.68	35.08

样地名称 Name of plot	经纬度 Longitude, Latitude	平均海拔 Average altitude (m)	年平均气温 Mean annual air temp- erature (℃)	年降水 Annual precipi- tation (mm)	样地面积 Area of plot (hm²)	物种数量 No. of species	个体数量 No. of free standing stems	稀有种数量/比例 No. and percentage of rare species	落叶树种数量/比例 No. and percentage of deciduous tree species	平均每公顷的胸高断面积 Average area of stems at breast height per hm²(m²·hm^-2)	数据来源 Reference
哀牢山 Ailaoshan	101.03°- 101.03° E, 24.53°- 24.54° N	2 550	11.3	1 778	20	104	44 168	49/47.1%	23/22.8%	61.0	本研究 This study
天童山 Tiantongshan	121.86°- 122.03° E, 29.99°- 30.06° N	447			20	152	94 603	55/36.2%	69/42.8%		Yang et al., 2011
古田山Gutianshan	118.12°- 118.23° E, 29.28°- 29.35° N	581	15.3	1 964	24	159	140 700	59/37.1%	79/49.7%	36.9	Zhu et al., 2008
鼎湖山 Dinghushan	112.51°- 112.56° E, 23.16°- 23.19° N	350	20.9	1 985	20	210	71 617	110/52.3%		30.2	Ye et al., 2008

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