Advances in the study of population genetic diversity at plant species’ margins

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2018.0252

Abstract

Abstract:

Marginal populations are those at the geographical edge of a species’ distribution. Appropriate evaluation of genetic diversity in marginal populations is of crucial significance for understanding the impacts of climate changes on species expansion or contraction in the post Quaternary glaciations, conservation of genetic resources and exploitation, and peripatric speciation. Here, we discuss the evolutionary mechanisms for maintaining genetic diversity in marginal populations, analyze the role of plant mating system in shaping a plant species’ range and the genetic diversity in marginal populations, assess the difference or similarity in genetic diversity between central and marginal populations and the underlying ecological and evolutionary processes, and discuss the species genetic diversity correlation (SGDC) and the theory underlying such correlations. We proposed that future research includes the use of genome-wide sequences or transcriptome data to study the adaptive differential between leading- and rear-edge populations or between central and marginal populations and the molecular mechanisms of the interactions between the genetic diversity in marginal populations and the species diversity in the resident community of a focal species. This may help to understand the adaptability of marginal populations to local habitats and the ecological and evolutionary processes for SGDC at species’ edges.

Key words: marginal population, central population, genetic diversity, mating system, species diversity

ZHANG Xin-Xin, WANG Xi, HU Ying, ZHOU Wei, CHEN Xiao-Yang, HU Xin-Sheng. Advances in the study of population genetic diversity at plant species’ margins[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2019, 43(5): 383-395.

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https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2019/V43/I5/383

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References 111

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模型 Model	主要观点 Main point	参考文献 Reference
随机生态位模型或断棒模型 Stochastic niche model or broken stick model	每一物种生态位超体积的占有和分布不受其他物种影响。 The niche occupation and its size distribution of each species are random and independent of the niche sizes of other species.	MacArthur, 1957; Whittaker et al., 2010
对数正态分布模型 Lognormal distribution model	物种占有的生态位是随机分布的并受大量因素综合影响, 并不优待某些种。 The niche size of a species is random and determined by the joint effects of a large number of factors, and no selective advantage is present among species.	Preston, 1948
生态位优先占领模型 Niche pre-emption model	第一位优势种优先占领生态位空间大部, 第二位占领其余下的大部, 以此类推, 末位只占留下的极少空间。 The first dominant species occupies the largest niche space, followed by the species that occupies the second largest niche in the remaining space, and so on. The last species occupies the minimum niche.	Whittaker, 1972
群落中性理论 Neutral community theory	群落内个体总数固定, 某一物种多度的增加必然伴随其他物种的减少; 所有个体出生率、死亡率相同。 The community size is fixed, and a decrease of one species’ abundance is equally compensated by other species. All individuals in the community have the same birth and death rates.	Hubbell, 2001
自然选择-基因流机制 Mechanism of natural selection-gene flow	基因由中心向边缘种群的迁移与边缘种群的自然选择作用持衡。 Effects of gene flow from the central to marginal population are in balance with the effects of natural selection in the marginal population.	Haldane, 1956

模型 Model	主要观点 Main point	参考文献 Reference
随机生态位模型或断棒模型 Stochastic niche model or broken stick model	每一物种生态位超体积的占有和分布不受其他物种影响。 The niche occupation and its size distribution of each species are random and independent of the niche sizes of other species.	MacArthur, 1957; Whittaker et al., 2010
对数正态分布模型 Lognormal distribution model	物种占有的生态位是随机分布的并受大量因素综合影响, 并不优待某些种。 The niche size of a species is random and determined by the joint effects of a large number of factors, and no selective advantage is present among species.	Preston, 1948
生态位优先占领模型 Niche pre-emption model	第一位优势种优先占领生态位空间大部, 第二位占领其余下的大部, 以此类推, 末位只占留下的极少空间。 The first dominant species occupies the largest niche space, followed by the species that occupies the second largest niche in the remaining space, and so on. The last species occupies the minimum niche.	Whittaker, 1972
群落中性理论 Neutral community theory	群落内个体总数固定, 某一物种多度的增加必然伴随其他物种的减少; 所有个体出生率、死亡率相同。 The community size is fixed, and a decrease of one species’ abundance is equally compensated by other species. All individuals in the community have the same birth and death rates.	Hubbell, 2001
自然选择-基因流机制 Mechanism of natural selection-gene flow	基因由中心向边缘种群的迁移与边缘种群的自然选择作用持衡。 Effects of gene flow from the central to marginal population are in balance with the effects of natural selection in the marginal population.	Haldane, 1956

分类群 Taxonomic group	中心/亚中心种群 Central/subcentral population	边缘种群 Marginal population	参考文献 Reference
Leavenworthia alabamica	自交不亲和 Self-incompatibility	自交亲和/自我受精 Self-compatible/self-fertilization	Busch, 2005
Juncus atratus	低近交率 Low inbreeding rates	高近交率, 异交率为5.6% High inbreeding, outcrossing rate = 5.6%	Michalski & Durka, 2007
Camissoniopsis cheiranthifolia	自交不亲和 Self-incompatibility	自交亲和 Self-compatible	Dart et al., 2012
Vriesea gigantean	混合交配系统, 低自交率 Mixed mating system, low selfing rates	混合交配系统, 高自交率 Mixed mating system, high selfing rates	Matos et al., 2015
Echium plantagineum; Centaurea solstitialis	本地种群自交不亲和 Self-incompatible in native populations	入侵种自交亲和 Self-compatible in invasive populations	Petanidou et al., 2011
冷杉属, 云杉属, 松属 Abies, Picea and Pinus genera	混合交配系统, 低自交率(高种群密度) Mixed mating system, low selfing rates (high population density)	混合交配系统, 高自交率(低种群密度) Mixed mating system, high selfing rates (low population density)	Restoux et al., 2008
Arabidopsis lyrata	异交 Outcrossing	自交、混合交配系统 Selfing/mixed-mating	Griffin & Willi, 2014

分类群 Taxonomic group	中心/亚中心种群 Central/subcentral population	边缘种群 Marginal population	参考文献 Reference
Leavenworthia alabamica	自交不亲和 Self-incompatibility	自交亲和/自我受精 Self-compatible/self-fertilization	Busch, 2005
Juncus atratus	低近交率 Low inbreeding rates	高近交率, 异交率为5.6% High inbreeding, outcrossing rate = 5.6%	Michalski & Durka, 2007
Camissoniopsis cheiranthifolia	自交不亲和 Self-incompatibility	自交亲和 Self-compatible	Dart et al., 2012
Vriesea gigantean	混合交配系统, 低自交率 Mixed mating system, low selfing rates	混合交配系统, 高自交率 Mixed mating system, high selfing rates	Matos et al., 2015
Echium plantagineum; Centaurea solstitialis	本地种群自交不亲和 Self-incompatible in native populations	入侵种自交亲和 Self-compatible in invasive populations	Petanidou et al., 2011
冷杉属, 云杉属, 松属 Abies, Picea and Pinus genera	混合交配系统, 低自交率(高种群密度) Mixed mating system, low selfing rates (high population density)	混合交配系统, 高自交率(低种群密度) Mixed mating system, high selfing rates (low population density)	Restoux et al., 2008
Arabidopsis lyrata	异交 Outcrossing	自交、混合交配系统 Selfing/mixed-mating	Griffin & Willi, 2014

植物种 Species	边缘种群与中心种群遗传多样性 Genetic diversity in marginal vs. central populations	生态或进化机制 Ecological or evolutionary mechanisms	参考文献 Reference
樱桃 Cerasus pseudocerasus	边缘种群低于中心种群 marginal populations < central populations	奠基者效应、瓶颈效应 Founder effect, bottleneck effect	Chen et al., 2012
北沙柳 Salix psammophila	边缘种群低于中心种群 marginal populations < central populations	奠基者效应 Founder effect	Hao et al., 2017
花苜蓿、青海苜蓿 Medicago ruthenica, M. archiducis-nicolai	边缘种群低于中心种群 marginal populations < central populations	奠基者效应 Founder effect	Wu et al., 2016
毛红椿 Toona ciliata var. pubescens	边缘种群高于中心种群 marginal populations > central populations	生境破碎化 Habitat fragmentation	Liu et al., 2013
红松 Pinus koraiensis	边缘种群低于中心种群 marginal populations < central populations	奠基者效应、瓶颈效应 Founder effect, bottleneck effect	Feng et al., 2006
领春木 Euptelea pleiospermum	边缘种群低于中心种群 marginal populations < central populations	冰期后扩张、不对称基因流 Postglacial expansion and asymmetric gene flow	Wei et al., 2016