Effects of changing precipitation on litter quality and decomposition of different plant functional groups in an alpine meadow

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2021.0211

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims Litter decomposition plays a vital role in material cycling of ecosystems. However, the responses of litter decomposition to changing precipitation in alpine meadows and the mechanisms underlying these responses are still not clear. Thus this study was designed to address the effect of changing precipitation on litter decomposition of different plant functional groups in alpine meadows.

Methods We used the litter bag method to investigate changes of initial nutrient content, mass loss and nutrient release in the litter of three plant functional groups (grass, sedge and forb) and in communities in an alpine meadow of Eastern Qingzang Plateau, in response to five precipitation treatments, including 90%, 50% and 30% decrease (Pr-90, Pr-50, Pr-30), ambient control (CK) and 50% increase (Pr+50).

Important findings The results showed that: 1) Precipitation decrease (Pr-90, Pr-50, Pr-30) significantly increased the initial nitrogen (N) content, carbon (C):N and lignin:N ratios of grass litters, while precipitation increase (Pr+50) significantly increased the initial phosphorus (P) content of all litter types. 2) According to the Olson negative exponential model, under different precipitation, the forbs decomposed the fastest, with the 95% decomposition time of 3.49-7.45 a; the decomposition of the communities and of the sedge species were the second fastest, with the 95% decomposition time of 4.07-8.05 and 4.65-7.74 a, respectively; grasses decomposed most slowly, 5.84-11.18 a. 3) Extreme precipitation decrease (Pr-90) inhibited the decomposition of all litter types, while moderate precipitation change (Pr-50, Pr-30, Pr+50) inhibited the decomposition of grass litter, but had no significant effects on sedge, forb and community litter, only precipitation increase (Pr+50) promoted the decomposition of forb litter. 4) C release was inhibited under precipitation decrease (Pr-90, Pr-30) in all litter types. N and P release of grass litters were promoted under both precipitation increase and decrease. Pr-30 promoted N release, Pr-90 inhibited P release and Pr+50 promoted P release in sedge, forb and community litters. 5) Structural equation models (SEM) showed that the mass and nutrient remaining rate were directly negatively affected by precipitation, and indirectly affected by litter types through initial C, N, P, lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose content. In conclusion, both litter types and precipitation can affect the mass loss and nutrient release of litters in an alpine meadow. Decomposition was slower and the response to precipitation was more sensitive in grass than that in other litter types. In the future, we should pay attention to the effects of mass loss and nutrient release of grass litter under climate change, especially extreme precipitation decrease, on organic matter input and C, N and P cycling in an alpine meadow.

Key words: litter decomposition, precipitation, nutrient release, alpine meadow

YANG De-Chun, HU Lei, SONG Xiao-Yan, WANG Chang-Ting. Effects of changing precipitation on litter quality and decomposition of different plant functional groups in an alpine meadow[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2021, 45(12): 1314-1328.

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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.17521/cjpe.2021.0211

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2021/V45/I12/1314

Figures/Tables 9

References 75

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凋落物类型 Litter type	降雨处理 Precipitation treatment	碳氮比 C:N	碳磷比 C:P	氮磷比 N:P	木质素氮比 Lignin:N
禾本科 Grass	Pr-90	39.89 ± 7.83^b	284.72 ± 5.46^b	7.29 ± 0.66^a	4.63 ± 1.14^b
	Pr-50	40.61 ± 5.20^b	218.11 ± 10.87^bc	5.40 ± 0.21^b	4.35 ± 0.32^b
	Pr-30	34.56 ± 11.61^b	205.99 ± 32.36^bc	5.05 ± 0.62^bc	4.96 ± 0.69^b
	CK	59.29 ± 6.13^a	422.31 ± 31.38^a	7.13 ± 0.39^a	8.78 ± 0.79^a
	Pr+50	58.95 ± 5.53^a	214.73 ± 14.81^c	3.68 ± 0.37^c	7.59 ± 1.19^a
莎草科 Sedge	Pr-90	32.00 ± 7.20^a	187.68 ± 7.32^bc	6.02 ± 0.60^ab	2.10 ± 0.27^b
	Pr-50	29.73 ± 7.44^a	157.00 ± 12.52^cd	5.42 ± 0.61^bc	1.75 ± 0.31^b
	Pr-30	36.08 ± 5.33^a	203.36 ± 4.81^b	5.72 ± 0.55^abc	3.20 ± 0.72^a
	CK	35.10 ± 6.74^a	262.80 ± 15.30^a	7.57 ± 0.38^a	2.01 ± 0.24^b
	Pr+50	37.79 ± 7.89^a	135.70 ± 12.49^d	3.76 ± 0.80^c	2.10 ± 0.39^b
杂类草 Forb	Pr-90	32.51 ± 3.28^ab	196.31 ± 29.32^ab	5.98 ± 0.62^ab	3.76 ± 0.68^abc
	Pr-50	34.20 ± 1.58^ab	184.84 ± 2.23^ab	5.41 ± 0.14^ab	4.04 ± 0.21^ab
	Pr-30	29.63 ± 0.79^b	187.40 ± 3.94^ab	6.32 ± 0.07^a	4.48 ± 0.12^a
	CK	35.53 ± 1.09^a	230.84 ± 8.03^a	6.50 ± 0.23^a	3.61 ± 0.30^bc
	Pr+50	32.69 ± 4.11^ab	153.42 ± 13.25^b	4.79 ± 0.70^b	3.18 ± 0.09^c
群落 Community	Pr-90	38.53 ± 2.91^a	265.60 ± 16.99^a	6.90 ± 0.37^ab	4.12 ± 0.40^a
	Pr-50	29.90 ± 2.54^cd	177.17 ± 10.97^b	5.92 ± 0.21^b	3.16 ± 0.56^b
	Pr-30	26.51 ± 3.14^d	166.29 ± 16.61^bc	6.26 ± 0.29^ab	3.38 ± 0.40^ab
	CK	32.51 ± 1.25^bc	231.13 ± 2.96^a	7.12 ± 0.18^a	3.87 ± 0.16^ab
	Pr+50	34.59 ± 1.49^ab	128.28 ± 19.92^c	3.69 ± 0.51^c	3.94 ± 0.50^ab

凋落物类型 Litter type	降雨处理 Precipitation treatment	碳氮比 C:N	碳磷比 C:P	氮磷比 N:P	木质素氮比 Lignin:N
禾本科 Grass	Pr-90	39.89 ± 7.83^b	284.72 ± 5.46^b	7.29 ± 0.66^a	4.63 ± 1.14^b
	Pr-50	40.61 ± 5.20^b	218.11 ± 10.87^bc	5.40 ± 0.21^b	4.35 ± 0.32^b
	Pr-30	34.56 ± 11.61^b	205.99 ± 32.36^bc	5.05 ± 0.62^bc	4.96 ± 0.69^b
	CK	59.29 ± 6.13^a	422.31 ± 31.38^a	7.13 ± 0.39^a	8.78 ± 0.79^a
	Pr+50	58.95 ± 5.53^a	214.73 ± 14.81^c	3.68 ± 0.37^c	7.59 ± 1.19^a
莎草科 Sedge	Pr-90	32.00 ± 7.20^a	187.68 ± 7.32^bc	6.02 ± 0.60^ab	2.10 ± 0.27^b
	Pr-50	29.73 ± 7.44^a	157.00 ± 12.52^cd	5.42 ± 0.61^bc	1.75 ± 0.31^b
	Pr-30	36.08 ± 5.33^a	203.36 ± 4.81^b	5.72 ± 0.55^abc	3.20 ± 0.72^a
	CK	35.10 ± 6.74^a	262.80 ± 15.30^a	7.57 ± 0.38^a	2.01 ± 0.24^b
	Pr+50	37.79 ± 7.89^a	135.70 ± 12.49^d	3.76 ± 0.80^c	2.10 ± 0.39^b
杂类草 Forb	Pr-90	32.51 ± 3.28^ab	196.31 ± 29.32^ab	5.98 ± 0.62^ab	3.76 ± 0.68^abc
	Pr-50	34.20 ± 1.58^ab	184.84 ± 2.23^ab	5.41 ± 0.14^ab	4.04 ± 0.21^ab
	Pr-30	29.63 ± 0.79^b	187.40 ± 3.94^ab	6.32 ± 0.07^a	4.48 ± 0.12^a
	CK	35.53 ± 1.09^a	230.84 ± 8.03^a	6.50 ± 0.23^a	3.61 ± 0.30^bc
	Pr+50	32.69 ± 4.11^ab	153.42 ± 13.25^b	4.79 ± 0.70^b	3.18 ± 0.09^c
群落 Community	Pr-90	38.53 ± 2.91^a	265.60 ± 16.99^a	6.90 ± 0.37^ab	4.12 ± 0.40^a
	Pr-50	29.90 ± 2.54^cd	177.17 ± 10.97^b	5.92 ± 0.21^b	3.16 ± 0.56^b
	Pr-30	26.51 ± 3.14^d	166.29 ± 16.61^bc	6.26 ± 0.29^ab	3.38 ± 0.40^ab
	CK	32.51 ± 1.25^bc	231.13 ± 2.96^a	7.12 ± 0.18^a	3.87 ± 0.16^ab
	Pr+50	34.59 ± 1.49^ab	128.28 ± 19.92^c	3.69 ± 0.51^c	3.94 ± 0.50^ab

凋落物化学性质 Litter property	L		Pr		L × Pr
凋落物化学性质 Litter property	F	p	F	p	F	p
碳含量 Carbon (C) content	6.758	0.001	1.391	0.255	1.444	0.187
氮含量 Nitrogen (N) content	20.094	<0.001	6.986	<0.001	2.287	0.025
磷含量 Phosphorus (P) content	6.708	0.001	19.042	<0.001	1.767	0.088
木质素含量 Lignin content	86.889	<0.001	6.828	<0.001	3.747	0.001
纤维素含量 Cellulose content	289.576	<0.001	1.483	0.225	3.227	0.003
半纤维素含量 Hemicellulose content	575.796	<0.001	1.922	0.126	2.282	0.025
碳氮比 C:N	23.248	<0.001	6.978	<0.001	3.426	0.002
碳磷比 C:P	28.676	<0.001	38.313	<0.001	5.335	<0.001
氮磷比 N:P	0.372	0.773	25.016	<0.001	1.391	0.210
木质素氮比 Lignin:N	6.648	0.001	1.119	0.361	1.604	0.130

凋落物化学性质 Litter property	L		Pr		L × Pr
凋落物化学性质 Litter property	F	p	F	p	F	p
碳含量 Carbon (C) content	6.758	0.001	1.391	0.255	1.444	0.187
氮含量 Nitrogen (N) content	20.094	<0.001	6.986	<0.001	2.287	0.025
磷含量 Phosphorus (P) content	6.708	0.001	19.042	<0.001	1.767	0.088
木质素含量 Lignin content	86.889	<0.001	6.828	<0.001	3.747	0.001
纤维素含量 Cellulose content	289.576	<0.001	1.483	0.225	3.227	0.003
半纤维素含量 Hemicellulose content	575.796	<0.001	1.922	0.126	2.282	0.025
碳氮比 C:N	23.248	<0.001	6.978	<0.001	3.426	0.002
碳磷比 C:P	28.676	<0.001	38.313	<0.001	5.335	<0.001
氮磷比 N:P	0.372	0.773	25.016	<0.001	1.391	0.210
木质素氮比 Lignin:N	6.648	0.001	1.119	0.361	1.604	0.130

差异来源 Source of variation	MR (%)		R_C(%)		R_N(%)		R_P(%)
差异来源 Source of variation	F	p	F	p	F	p	F	p
L	51.072	<0.001	23.966	0.001	138.895	<0.001	73.247	<0.001
T	334.324	<0.001	284.117	<0.001	49.010	0.002	239.147	<0.001
Pr	34.481	<0.001	60.966	<0.001	104.726	<0.001	158.340	<0.001
L × T	3.550	0.029	3.529	0.030	3.489	0.031	6.871	0.002
L × Pr	3.632	0.003	1.924	0.083	14.058	<0.001	27.063	<0.001
T × Pr	7.714	<0.001	6.350	0.001	9.822	<0.001	73.057	<0.001
L × T × Pr	3.077	<0.001	1.855	0.034	3.762	<0.001	5.484	<0.001